Web-based GIS System for Real-time Field Data Collection Using Personal Mobile Phone

Recently, use of mobile communicational devices in field data collection is increasing such as smart phones and cellular phones due to emergence of embedded Global Position System GPS and Wi-Fi Internet access. Accurate timely and handy field data collection is required for disaster management and emergency quick responses. In this article, we introduce web-based GIS system to collect the field data by personal mobile phone through Post Office Protocol POP3 mail server. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate real-time field data collection method to the students using their mobile phone to collect field data by timely and handy manners, either individual or group survey in local or global scale research.

Antimicrobial Resistance Encountered in Garbage Collection Areas and Dumpsites in Nairobi, Kenya Using <i>Escherichia coli</i>and <i>Klebsiella</i>as Indicator Species

Dumpsites and garbage collection areas can act as reservoirs of highly resistant bacterial strains and facilitate the dissemination of Multidrug resistant strains to those living and work on or near the dumpsites and garbage collection areas. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of garbage collection areas and dumpsites in different parts of Nairobi as possible sources of resistant strains using E. coli and Klebsiella as indicator species. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Sample collection was carried out at different days in seventeen different areas. A total of 126 samples were collected during the sampling period. The samples were then transported to the laboratory for analysis. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. Gram staining was done on discrete isolates based on colony characteristics. Biochemical tests were performed on colonies from primary cultures for final identification of the isolates. Antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests and pathogenicity tests were also carried out on the indicator isolates. A total of 121 E. coli and 165 Klebsiella were isolated from all the sampled sites. The highest bacterial burden was recorded from Muthurwa estate dumpsite, with a mean viable count of 8.2 × 1010 cfu/gm while the least was from Dandora dumpsite with a mean count of 1.1 × 1011 cfu/gm. Overall, gentamicin was the most effective antibacterial agent on Klebsiella and meropenem was the most effective on both E. coli and Klebsiella strains. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that municipal waste dumpsites and garbage collection areas bear heavy burdens of potentially resistant bacteria which may constitute major public health hazards, not only to the immediate communities but also to the families of such site workers.

Design of Closed-loop Garbage collection system based on IOT Technology

Our country＇s garbage collection system has been widely concerned in society, because of its low reclamation rate, and difficult in supervision. The Internet of things technology has shown significant superiority in solving that＇s problem because of its traceability characteristics, dynamic. This paper takes the Internet of things technology as the basis, starting from the end of the collection, transportation and treatment of urban wastes in three aspects, construct a closed loop waste treatment system has good information feedback and processing capacity.

Garbage Collection Scheduling of Aperiodic Tasks

In the previous work of garbage collection （GC） models, scheduling analysis was given based on an assumption that there were no aperiodic mutator tasks. However, it is not true in practical real-time systems. The GC algorithm which can schedule aperiodic tasks is proposed, and the variance of live memory is analyzed. In this algorithm, active tasks are deferred to be processed by GC until the states of tasks become inactive, and the saved sporadic server time can be used to schedule aperiodic tasks. Scheduling the sample task sets demonstrates that this algorithm in this paper can schedule aperiodic tasks and decrease GC work. Thus, the GC algorithm proposed is more flexible and portable.

Urban garbage disposal and management in China

This paper, probing into the present situation of urban domestic garbage by analyzing its growing trend, compositional change and regional difference, reveals the problems existing in its disposal and management in China. Meanwhile, a questionnaire was conducted in five big cities around China for surveying urban residents' attitudes towards garbage disposal and management policies and measures. Results showed the output of urban domestic garbage in Chinese cities is ever increasing, and the recoverable materials and energy in garbage composition are also increasing. The population growth, economic development, and increase of residents' expenditure level are the main factors influencing the growing output and changing composition of the garbage. Information acquired from the questionnaire showed that majority of the urban residents are in favor of the garbage reduction policies and managerial measures and are willing to collaborate with municipal government in battling against garbage. Based on the analysis and questionnaire, some policymaking oriented suggestions such as operating the garbage disposal from a social welfare service to a sector of profit gaining enterprises, transferring the garbage management from passive end control to active source control, promoting the classified garbage collection in cities around China, and charging garbage fees for its cleanup and disposal, have also been put forward in the paper.

Class-Based Garbage Collection in Object-Oriented Programming Environments

Many garbage collection algorithms have been proposed, but few address the special needs of long-running server programs. Server applications usually run for years and spawn many threads, so they create and discard thousands of objects. Therefore, efficient garbage collection is especially important for those applications. This paper presents a class-based garbage collector for object-oriented programming environments that classifies objects by their types to achieve better gradualness. Grouping objects of the same type into a group, with a limited type-lock, a mutator cache and the lease protocol will reduce memory fragmentation, which is especially important for the efficiency of long-running server applications. This class-based collector partitions the heap space by type, which provides better concurrency than the traditional mark-sweep collector, and its reusable garbaged object pool also reduces the object allocation overhead. This paper also discusses the implementation details, such as the mutator cache and the lease protocol, and techniques to achieve better accuracy.

Garbage Collection in Uncoordinated Checkpointing Algorithms

In this papert the hard problem of the thorough garbage collection in uncoordinated Checkpointing algorithms is studied. After introduction of the traditional garbage collecting scheme, with which only obsolete checkpoints can be discarded, it is shown that this kind of traditional method may fail to discard any checkpoint in some special cases, and it is necessary and urgent to find a thorough garbage collecting method, with which all the checkpoints useless for any future rollback-recovery including the obsolete ones can be discarded. Then, the Thorough Garbage Collection Theorem is proposed and proved, which ensures the feasibility of the thorough garbage collection, and gives the method to calculate the set of the useful checkpoints as well.

Garbage Collection and Data Recovery for N2DB

Non-Volatile Memory(NVM) offers byte-addressability and persistency. Because NVM can be plugged into memory and provide low latency, it offers a new opportunity to build new database systems with a single-layer storage design. A single-layer NVM-Native DataBase(N2 DB) provides zero copy and log freedom. Hence, all data are stored in NVM and there is no extra data duplication and logging during execution. N2 DB avoids complex data synchronization and logging overhead in the two-layer storage design of disk-oriented databases and in-memory databases. Garbage Collection(GC) is critical in such an NVM-based database because memory leaks on NVM are durable. Moreover, data recovery is equally essential to guarantee atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability properties. Without logging, it is a great challenge for N2 DB to restore data to a consistent state after crashes and recoveries. This paper presents the GC and data recovery mechanisms for N2 DB. Evaluations show that the overall performance of N2 DB is up to 3:6 higher than that of InnoDB. Enabling GC reduces performance by up to 10%,but saves storage space by up to 67%. Moreover, our data recovery requires only 0:2% of the time and half of the storage space of InnoDB.

用于微塑料分离收集的智能沙滩垃圾处理机

为解决沙滩塑料垃圾处理中的微塑料分离收集问题,实现设备智能化,设计了一种智能沙滩垃圾处理机。这一垃圾处理机利用摄像头成像技术,结合Opencv算法,对塑料垃圾进行快速识别,利用超声传感器确定垃圾位置和距离,以单片机为主控,实现智能垃圾处理。沙子和垃圾混合物运送至垃圾处理机后,通过所设置的振筛机构实现中大型塑料垃圾与微塑料垃圾的分离。以海水为浮选液,利用密度差实现沙子和微塑料垃圾的分离。利用无轴螺旋机构,实现沙水分离。在测试的60min内,塑料垃圾识别正确率为93.6%,收集到微塑料垃圾315g。这一垃圾处理机低碳环保,占地面积小,质量轻,可用于沙滩垃圾清理,也可作为机械创新设计实践教学与培训的工具。

无人清洁船垃圾收集装置机械设计与分析

针对城市小型水域水面漂浮垃圾多、污染严重的现状,为解决水面垃圾高效清理问题,基于SolidWorks软件设计包括船体、垃圾聚拢装置和垃圾输送装置在内的无人清洁船垃圾收集装置。垃圾聚拢装置利用电动推杆控制拦网开合以及引导漂浮垃圾进入船体的中间通道,垃圾输送装置通过链传动带动打捞板将漂浮垃圾输送进垃圾筐。对无人清洁船垃圾收集装置进行运动分析,对关键零件进行有限元仿真分析,结果表明:垃圾收集装置结构合理且可行,为水面垃圾高效打捞以及无人清洁船在水面环保领域应用推广提供了一种行之有效的解决方案。

基于视觉引导的水面垃圾清理机器人设计

为了能够自动清理湖泊、鱼塘等浅水开放水域表面漂浮的垃圾,设计了一种基于视觉引导的新型水面垃圾清理机器人。详细阐述了该水面垃圾清理机器人的功能、机械结构、硬件架构和工作原理。该机器人控制系统采用以树莓派3B为核心的嵌入式主控单元,由Arduino UNOR3与两个螺旋桨的电调构成运动驱动单元,依靠无刷电机带动螺旋桨提供动力。借助于由机器人视觉传感器采集得到的图像数据,基于训练的KNN算法,进行机器人周边环境漂浮垃圾的识别、定位与追踪,实现了垃圾清理机器人的自主视觉引导运动与垃圾的自动清理。实验结果表明,该机器人能够完成水面垃圾的自动识别与定位,且螺旋桨同步补偿效果较好,能够稳定地实现水面垃圾的自动清理。相比人工方式,该机器人的作业效率大幅提升,有广泛推广的价值。

水面垃圾清理机器人结构及自主控制研究综述

水面垃圾日益增多,传统清理方式在安全、效率和智能方面难以满足应用的需求,水面垃圾清理机器人应运而生,成为该领域的研究焦点。经过20多年的发展,水面垃圾清理机器人已从研究进入实际应用阶段,出现了很多结构类型,实现了从垃圾检测到收集的全自主作业,积累了大量的文献,但目前还没有较全面的综述。梳理了相关研究文献,对水面垃圾清理机器人的结构进行了归类,总结了各类型的特点;分析了水面垃圾清理机器人自主控制系统的典型结构,探讨了其感知、决策和控制三大关键技术。最后,针对应用场景提出的挑战,对水面垃圾清理机器人的发展趋势进行了讨论,以期为水面垃圾清理机器人的进一步研究和应用提供参考。

分类收集对我国城市生活垃圾处理处置的影响探析

城市生活垃圾分类收集是实现生活垃圾高效资源化和无害化处理的必然途径。垃圾分类制度的正式实行,使城市生活垃圾收运模式得到了优化,节约了填埋场库容,降低了填埋场失稳风险和焚烧烟气中的重金属含量。我国于2019年在全国范围内实施生活垃圾分类制度,全面推进了城市生活垃圾分类收集工作。分类收集对我国城市生活垃圾处理处置所产生的影响引起了业界广泛关注。通过文献调研,总结和分析了我国城市生活垃圾分类收集的现状及分类收集对生活垃圾不同处理处置方式的影响研究现状及进展,以期为我国更好地规划和管理生活垃圾处理处置及相关研究提供参考。

减轻读干扰的垃圾回收算法

NAND闪存凭借许多特点让其在各种应用场景中得到广泛的应用,例如手机、平板电脑等,但是闪存也有两个受关注的特性:使用寿命和数据的可靠性。在闪存的使用过程中,读干扰对数据准确性的影响会随着时间的增长变大,因此,通过对读干扰造成的影响进行研究,提出了一种减轻读干扰的垃圾回收算法FRT-GC,该算法通过对每个闪存块的使用次数和使用频率进行统计计算,在合适的时机启动垃圾回收,最大限度地减轻读干扰造成的影响。实验验证该算法在减轻读干扰方面有很好的效果。

基于自适应块分配策略的NAND闪存垃圾回收算法

在NAND闪存垃圾回收算法中,冷热分离可以提高垃圾回收效率。但是,现有算法将数据分为固定数量的类,没有考虑数据写入过程中热度的聚类变化。为了解决这一问题,对基于自适应块分配策略的垃圾回收算法进行研究。通过监督受害块的有效页比例和分配块的写入频率来调节块分配池大小,避免数据热度分类不准确带来的块闲置问题,实现更高效的冷热分离。实验结果表明,该算法在降低垃圾回收开销以及提高磨损均衡程度上均有所提升。

结合YOLOv8与双目测距算法的水面漂浮垃圾检测定位系统设计

为解决户外水域垃圾自动回收船的垃圾目标定位与识别差的问题,提出一种结合YOLOv8与双目测距算法的水面漂浮垃圾回收船的垃圾识别定位系统。该系统主要由摄像头、上位机视觉处理单元和下位机控制单元三部分组成,通过对水域环境内的垃圾进行视觉识别分类后,再进行定位和测距,实现水域垃圾的定位和识别;在定位和识别之后,控制机器收集垃圾。采用双目相机获取图像,使用Jetson Nano嵌入式芯片作为上位机主控芯片,利用最新深度学习模型YOLOv8进行水面垃圾的提取与识别,并通过SGBM算法进行双目测距,得到距离和角度信息;然后将上位机测得的距离和角度信息通过串口通信发送给下位机Arduino控制板,以控制船体做出转向和航行。测试结果表明,收集装置识别结果稳定,准确率达到90.5%,测距结果准确,精度达到厘米级,能够实现控制装置自动收集的目标。

海浮收集器的设计

为了维护海上环境,设计了一种海浮收集器。介绍了设计思路,分析了设计方案,具体包括垃圾收集模块、垃圾粉碎模块、压实模块、油污处理模块、动力输出模块,并进行了电机选型。对海浮收集器的工作流程和创新点进行了论述,并对其应用前景进行了展望。

基于嵌入式的垃圾信息自动采集系统设计

【目的】设计一种垃圾信息自动采集系统,实现垃圾信息智能化自动采集。【方法】拟定一种基于嵌入式的垃圾信息自动采集系统设计方案,系统设计方案包括硬件和软件两部分,其中系统硬件包括人体感应模块、箱门控制模块、重量检测模块、图像采集模块等,系统软件包括箱门自动控制功能、垃圾图像信息自动采集和传输功能。根据设计方案,将各个模块进行调试,测试系统的稳定性。【结果】系统可实现连续工作72 h,当物体靠近人体感应模块,距离小于5 cm,箱门控制模块舵机正转,10 s后舵机反转回到初始位置,模拟垃圾投入垃圾箱,箱门自动打开和自动关闭功能;将物体放到重量检测模块,模拟垃圾放入垃圾箱入口检测单元,几秒后图像采集模块将垃圾图片通过串口传输到上位机串口调试助手显示,实现垃圾进箱后的图像自动采集功能。【结论】各个模块经过调试安装,相互作用,实现了预期的箱门自动开闭功能和图像自动上传功能,该系统运行稳定、可靠。