Role of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Concomitantly with the increase in the prevalences of overweight/obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has worldwide become the main cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Patients with fatty liver display features of metabolic syndrome(Met S), like insulin resistance(IR), glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recently, epidemiological studies have linked obesity, Met S, and NAFLD to decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis, highlighting an intricate interplay among bone, adipose tissue, and liver. Osteoprotegerin(OPG), an important symbol of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/OPG system activation, typically considered for its role in bone metabolism, may also play critical roles in the initiation and perpetuation of obesityrelated comorbidities. Clinical data have indicated that OPG concentrations are associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. Nonetheless, the relationship between circulating OPG and IR as a key feature of Met S as well as between OPG and NAFLD remains uncertain. Thus, the aims of the present review are to provide the existent knowledge on these associations and to discuss briefly the underlying mechanisms linking OPG and NAFLD.

Receptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand/osteoprotegerin axis and vascular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease

Vascular calcifications are commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease （CKD） and contri-bute to the excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates observed in these patients populations. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, recent evidence suggests a link between bone metabolism and the development and progression of vascular calcifications. Moreover, accumulating data indicate that receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin axis which plays essential roles in the regulation of bone metabolism is also involved in extra-osseous bone formation. Further studies are required to establish the prognostic significance of the above biomarkers as predictors of the presence and severity of vascular calcifications in CKD patients and of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Moreover, randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify whether inhibition of osteoclast activity will protect from vascular calcifcations.

Effect of Triptolide on Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand in Rat Adjuvant Induced Arthritis

The effect of triptolide （TP） on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL） and osteoprotegerin （OPG） was explored in rat adjuvant induced arthritis （AA）. AA was induced in Wistar rats. Arthritis rats were treated with TP and methotrexate （MTX） at the onset （day 9） of arthritis. On the peak of arthritis （day 24）, the expression of RANKL and OPG protein in the joints and RANKL mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） was detected. TNF-α and IL-1β levels in peripheral blood were determined. Bone erosion scores were also evaluated. The results showed that bone erosion scores in TP and MTX groups were lower than in AA group （.P〈0.01） ; The expression levels of RANKL in the synovium （P〈0.01） and bone （P〈0.05）, and OPG level in synovium （P〈0.05） were lower in TP group than in AA group （P〈0.05）. In TP group, the expression levels of RANKL mRNA and TNF-α, IL-1β in PBMC were lower than in AA group （all P〈0.01）. It was concluded that TP could inhibit rat adjuvant arthritis bone erosion by suppressing the expression of RANKL.

Influence of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin in human periodontal ligament cells

Objective To study the effect of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL)and osteoprotegerin(OPG)in cultured human periodontal ligament(HPDL)cells.Methods Small interfering RNA(siRNA)eukaryotic expression vector targeted transforming growth factor βⅡ receptor(TGF-β RⅡ)was constructed and transfected into T cells.HPDL cells with T cells transfected with siRNA or not were placed in the culture medium that had been added with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and baicalin.The obtained solution was divided into six groups according to the components(group Ⅰ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1+baicalin;group Ⅱ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1;group Ⅲ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells+baicalin;group Ⅳ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells;group Ⅴ:HPDL cells+baicalin;group Ⅵ:HPDL cells)and was cultured for 48 hours.RT-PCR was used to observe the effect of baicalin on the expression of OPG-RANKL in HPDL cells.Results The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅰ was lower than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.01)and higher than that in group Ⅲ(P<0.01);The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅲ was lower than that in group Ⅳ(P<0.01);the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅳ was higher than that in group Ⅵ(P<0.01);the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅴ was lower than that in group Ⅵ(P<0.05).Conclusion ① Baicalin could decrease the ratio of RANKL/OPG in HPDL cells.② The TGF-β signaling transduction plays an important role in the effect of baicalin on the RANKL/OPG ratio in HPDL cells.③ Baicalin acts not only through TGF-β to regulate RANKL/OPG in HPDL cells,but also through other pathways.

Imbalance of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

Background:Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is associated with a higher prevalence of osteoporosis.However,the underlying mechanisms linking OSAHS with bone loss are still unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL,an osteoclastogenesis-promoting factor) and osteoprotegerin (OPG,the decoy receptor for RANKL),oxidative stress and bone metabolism markers in OSAHS,in order to understand the potential mechanisms underlying bone loss in OSAHS patients.Methods:Forty-eight male patients with OSAHS,confirmed by polysomnography (PSG) study,were enrolled.Twenty male subjects who were confirmed as not having OSAHS served as the controls.The subjects’bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed in lumbar spine and femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).Blood samples were collected from all subjects for measurement of RANKL,OPG,the bone formation marker bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP),the bone resorption marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b),and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC).Results:The BMD and the T-score of the femoral neck and the lumbar spine were significantly lower in OSAHS patients as compared to the control group (P< 0.05).The serum level of BAP was significantly decreased in the OSAHS group (15.62 ± 5.20 μg/L) as compared to the control group (18.83 ± 5.50 μg/L,t= -2.235,P< 0.05),while the levels of TRAP-5b did not differ between the two groups (t= -1.447,P> 0.05).The serum level of OPG and the OPG/RANKL ratio were lower in the OSAHS group compared to the control group (bothP< 0.05).TAOC level was also decreased significantly in the OSAHS group (P< 0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the TAOC level was positively correlated with BAP in the OSAHS group (r= 0.248,P= 0.04),but there were no correlations between TAOC and the BMD or the T-scores.The correlations between the level of OPG (or the OPG/RANKL ratio) and BMD or TAOC did not reach significance.Conclusion:In OSAHS patients,lower levels of TAOC were associated with decreased bone formation,suggesting a role of oxidative stress in bone loss,while the role of OPG/RANKL imbalance in bone metabolism in OSAHS needs further evaluation .

Cannabinoid receptor-2 selective antagonist negatively regulates receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand mediated osteoclastogenesis

Background The cannabinoid receptor-2 （CB2） is important for bone remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of CB2 selective antagonist （AM630） on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B （RANK） ligand （RANKL）induced osteoclast differentiation and the underlying signaling pathway using a monocyte-macrophage cell line-RAW264.7.Methods RAW264.7 was cultured with RANKL for 6 days and then treated with AM630 for 24 hours. Mature osteoclasts were measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） staining using a commercial kit. Total ribonucleic acid （RNA）was isolated and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was done to examine the expression of RANK, cathepsin K （CPK） and nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）,phosphorylation of ERK （P-ERK） and NF-κB production were tested by Western blotting. The effect of AM630 on RAW264.7 viability was determined using the 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide （MTT） assay.Results AM630 did not affect the viability of RAW264.7. However, this CB2 selective antagonist markedly inhibited osteoclast formation and the inhibition rate was dose-dependent. The dose of 〉100 nmol/L could reduce TRAP positive cells to the levels that were significantly lower than the control. AM630 suppressed the expression of genes associated with osteoclast differentiation and activation, such as RANK and CPK. An analysis of a signaling pathway showed that AM630 inhibited the RANKL-induced activation of ERK, but not NF-κB.Conclusion AM630 could inhibit the osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 induced with RANKL.

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin expression in chronic apical periodontitis：possible association with inflammatory cells

Background Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） ligand （RANKL） and osteoprotegerin （OPG） have been recently shown to play important roles in bone resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between the expression of bone resorption regulators （RANKL and OPG） and inflammatory cell infiltration in chronic apical periodontitis.Methods The samples of chronic periapical lesions （n=40） and healthy periapical tissues （n=10） were examined for immunohistochemical analysis of RANKL and OPG. Lesion samples were further analyzed for the inflammatory infiltration condition. The inflammatory cell infiltration was scored in relation to immunohistochemical reactivity for CD3, CD20 and CD68.Results The number of RANKL-positive cells and the ratio of RANKL/OPG in chronic apical periodontitis were significantly higher than those in healthy periapical tissues （P＜0.001）. The number of RANKL-positive cells was higher in lesions with severe inflammatory infiltration than in those with light inflammatory infiltration （P＜0.05）. Significantly increased RANKL expression was found with T lymphocytes （CD3＋）, macrophages （CD68＋） and B lymphocytes （CD20＋）infiltration （P＜0.05）. No association was found between the ratio of RANKL/OPG and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusions RANKL expression was increased with T, B lymphocytes and macrophages infiltration, respectively in chronic periapical lesions. RANKL appears to be closely related to periapical inflammatory infiltrates. The relative ratio of RANKL/OPG may be a key determinant of RANKL-mediated bone resorption.

Effect of Wenhua Juanbi Recipe(温化蠲痹方) on Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand,Osteoprotegerin,and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 14 in Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis

Objective： To study the effect of Wenhua Juanbi Recipe（温化蠲痹方, WJR） on expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand（RANKL）, osteoprotegerin（OPG）, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14（TNFRSF14, also known as LIGHT） in rats with collagen-induced arthritis（CIA）. Methods： CIA rats were generated by subcutaneous injection of bovine collagen type-Ⅱ at the tail base. Sixty CIA rats were randomly assigned（10 animals/group） to： model, methotrexate（MTX）-treated（0.78 mg/kg body weight）, and WJR-treated（22.9 g/kg） groups. Healthy normal rats（n=10） were used as the normal control. Treatments or saline were administered once daily by oral gavage. Rats were sacrificed at day 28 post-treatment and knee synovium and peripheral blood serum were collected. Toe swelling degree and expression of RANKL, OPG, and LIGHT were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results： Compared with the normal group, toe swelling degree was significantly increased in the model group（P〈0.01）. After treatment, toe swelling degree decreased significantly in the WJR and MTX groups compared with the model group（P〈0.01）. Compared with the normal group, expression of RANKL and LIGHT were significantly increased and OPG significantly decreased in peripheral blood and synovium of the model group（P〈0.01）. Conversely, RANKL and LIGHT expression were significantly reduced and OPG increased in the WJR and MTX groups compared with the model group（P〈0.01）. No statistically significant difference existed between WJR and MTX groups. Conclusion： WJR likely acts by reducing RANKL expression and increasing OPG expression, thus inhibiting RANKL/RANK interaction and reducing LIGHT expression, thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation/activation to block bone erosion.

黄芪补肾活血汤对芳香化酶抑制剂诱导骨质疏松模型小鼠破骨细胞活性的影响

背景:芳香化酶抑制剂尽管显著提高了激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者的临床获益,但其相关的不良事件——骨质疏松严重影响了患者的生活质量,黄芪补肾活血汤能有效预防芳香化酶抑制剂所致骨质疏松的发生,但是其作用机制尚不清楚。目的:探究黄芪补肾活血汤对芳香化酶抑制剂所致骨质疏松模型小鼠破骨细胞活性的影响及机制。方法:选取60只8周龄C57BL/6J雌性小鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、黄芪补肾活血汤高、中、低剂量组、阳性对照组各10只,除假手术组外,其余组小鼠均切除双侧卵巢联合皮下注射来曲唑构建绝经后芳香化酶抑制剂所致骨质疏松模型,黄芪补肾活血汤高、中、低剂量组分别给予19.24,9.62,4.81 g/(kg·d)黄芪补肾活血汤进行灌胃(1次/d),阳性对照组给予阿仑膦酸钠5 mg/kg灌胃(1次/周)。给药3个月后,Micro-CT检测胫骨骨密度和骨微结构,对股骨进行苏木精-伊红染色、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色及免疫组化检测核因子κB受体活化因子配体、骨保护素蛋白表达,ELISA检测血清中Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基端肽、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b水平。结果与结论:①与假手术组相比,模型组小鼠骨密度显著下降、骨小梁形态疏松断裂、血清中Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基端肽、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b水平显著上升,表明芳香化酶抑制剂所致骨质疏松模型构建成功;②与模型组相比,黄芪补肾活血汤高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照组小鼠骨密度、骨微结构显著改善,骨小梁形态增粗致密,血清中Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基端肽、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b水平显著下降,破骨细胞数量减少,核因子κB受体活化因子配体蛋白表达下降,骨保护素蛋白表达升高。结果表明,黄芪补肾活血汤可能调控核因子κB受体活化因子配体/核因子κB受体活化因子/骨保护素信号通路抑制破骨细胞活性,改善骨小梁形态和骨微结构,提高骨密度,进而预防芳香化酶抑制剂所致骨质疏松模型的发生发展。

白藜芦醇激活细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白促进小鼠MC3T3-E1细胞增殖

背景:细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白对生物体的存活不可或缺,白藜芦醇能通过多种途径促进成骨细胞增殖,但其是否能通过细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白调控成骨细胞功能还需进一步验证。目的:探究细胞外信号调节激酶5对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖以及相关分泌蛋白的调控作用,进一步验证白藜芦醇通过激活细胞外信号调节激酶5完成上述过程。方法:小鼠MC3T3-E1前成骨细胞分别用完全培养基、XMD8-92(细胞外信号调节激酶5抑制剂)、表皮生长因子(细胞外信号调节激酶5激活剂)和白藜芦醇单独干预及XMD8-92+表皮生长因子、白藜芦醇+XMD8-92干预后,通过Western blot检测各组细胞内细胞外信号调节激酶5、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶5蛋白,增殖相关蛋白Cyclin D1、CDK4、PCNA,以及成骨细胞分泌蛋白骨保护素、核因子κB受体活化因子配体的表达情况,使用细胞免疫荧光染色检测各组细胞外信号调节激酶5、骨保护素和核因子κB受体活化因子配体荧光强度,使用EdU染色检测各组细胞增殖情况。白藜芦醇干预MC3T3-E1细胞的适宜浓度及时间由细胞形态学观察和CCK-8实验确定。结果与结论:①细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白的激活能有效促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖、上调骨保护素/核因子κB受体活化因子配体比值;②白藜芦醇干预MC3T3-E1细胞的适宜浓度及时间为5μmol/L,24 h;③白藜芦醇可以激活细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白,进而促进成骨细胞增殖,并上调骨保护素/核因子κB受体活化因子配体比值;④研究结果表明,白藜芦醇可以通过激活细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖,并通过激活细胞外信号调节激酶5信号蛋白上调骨保护素/核因子κB受体活化因子配体比值。

生物陶瓷充填材料和AH-plus糊剂对成人慢性根尖周炎根管治疗疗效及血清骨保护素RANKL的影响

目的:探究生物陶瓷充填材料(iRoot SP)和AH-plus糊剂对成人慢性根尖周炎(CAP)根管治疗疗效及血清骨保护素(OPG)、核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2023年12月期间在本院行根管治疗的135例成人CAP患者作为研究对象,采用电脑随机数字摇号法将其分为iRoot SP组(iRoot SP行单尖充填,n=68)和AH-plus组(AH-plus热压胶充填,n=67)。比较iRoot SP组和AH-plus组治疗即刻填充情况,治疗7d(T1)疼痛分级,T1、3个月(T2)、6个月(T3)疗效,治疗前(T0)、T1、T2、T3旧根尖周指数(old-periapical index,O-PAI)、血清OPG、RANKL及RANKL/OPG。结果:iRoot SP组适充率为98.53%,高于AH-plus组的89.55%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);iRoot SP组疼痛率下降幅度大于AH-plus组疼痛率下降幅度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);iRoot SP组T1、T2、T3时间点有效率分别为98.53%、95.59%、91.18%,均高于AH-plus组的89.55%、85.07%、79.10%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);O-PAI、OPG、RANKL、RANKL/OPG组间效应、时间效应、交互效应均有差异统计学意义(P<0.05),且iRoot SP组O-PAI下降幅度、血清OPG上升幅度、RANKL与RANKL/OPG下降幅度均大于AH-plus组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相较于AH-plus糊剂作为填充物行根管治疗,iRoot SP作为填充物行根管治疗成人CAP效果更佳,可显著下调患者疼痛分级、RANKL表达及RANKL/OPG值,提高适充率和血清OPG表达,优化牙周病损。

人参皂苷Rg3调控RANKL/RANK/TRAF6信号通路对绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠骨代谢、成骨细胞的影响

目的 分析人参皂苷Rg3调控核因子-κB受体活化体配体(RANKL)/核因子-κB受体活化体(RANK)/肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TRAF6)信号通路对绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠骨代谢、成骨细胞的影响。方法 选取50只健康雌性SPF级SD大鼠作为实验对象,随机取10只大鼠作为对照组,其余40只大鼠建立绝经后骨质疏松症模型,其中30只大鼠建模成功,将30只大鼠随机分为模型组、人参皂苷Rg3低剂量组、人参皂苷Rg3高剂量组,各10只。观察各组大鼠股骨病理组织,比较各组大鼠骨代谢指标、骨形态学指标、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、骨钙素、硬骨素水平,以及RANKL/RANK/TRAF6信号通路相关信使RNA(mRNA)及蛋白表达水平。结果 对照组大鼠骨小梁排列正常,成骨细胞、类骨质面积未发生变化,模型组大鼠成骨细胞数量减少。与模型组比较,人参皂苷Rg3低剂量组、人参皂苷Rg3高剂量组成骨细胞数量增多,且人参皂苷Rg3高剂量组成骨细胞数量比人参皂苷Rg3低剂量组多。各组大鼠骨小梁数量(TB.N)、骨小梁厚度(TB.Th)、总Ⅰ型胶原羧基端前肽(PⅠNP)、N-端骨钙素(N-MID)、PTH、骨钙素、硬骨素、RANKL mRNA、RANK mRNA、TRAF6 mRNA、RANKL蛋白、RANK蛋白、TRAF6蛋白水平比较,对照组>人参皂苷Rg3高剂量组>人参皂苷Rg3低剂量组>模型组,任意两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组大鼠骨小梁分离度(TB.Sp)、ALP水平比较,对照组<人参皂苷Rg3高剂量组<人参皂苷Rg3低剂量组<模型组,任意两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 人参皂苷Rg3可改善骨代谢,提高骨钙素、硬骨素水平,使大鼠骨质疏松症得到改善,其作用机制可能与调控RANKL/RANK/TRAF6信号通路有关。

复发性口腔溃疡患儿血清IRF4,RANKL水平与其他免疫学指标相关性及对再复发的预测价值

目的 探究血清干扰素调节因子4(IRF4)、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)水平与其他免疫学指标相关性及对复发性口腔溃疡患儿再复发的预测价值。方法 选取首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院2019年1月~2022年6月收治的复发性口腔溃疡患儿80例为病例组,根据随访结果分为未复发组(n=61)和复发组(n=19),另选取同期进行体检的口腔健康志愿者49例为对照组。采用ELISA检测血清IRF4,RANKL水平,收集并分析患者一般临床资料。Logistic回归分析复发性口腔溃疡患儿复发的影响因素,Pearson法分析IRF4,RANK与免疫学指标的相关性,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清IRF4,RANKL水平对复发性口腔溃疡患儿治疗后复发的预测价值。结果 与对照组相比,复发组、未复发组的IRF4(9.67±1.03 ng/ml,7.86±0.92 ng/ml vs 6.19±0.71 ng/ml),RANK(192.95±19.86 pg/ml,152.56±15.98 pg/ml vs 83.96±9.85 pg/ml)水平显著升高,且与未复发组相比,复发组的IRF4,RANKL水平显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(F=121.514,487.250,均P<0.05)。两组患儿的炎症因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)以及CD4^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)之间差异具有统计学差异(t=6.926~15.648,均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析IRF4[OR(95%CI):1.529(1.079~2.167)],RANKL[OR(95%CI):1.421(1.049~1.925)],IL-1β[OR(95%CI):1.322(1.007~1.736)]均为影响复发性口腔溃疡患儿治疗后复发的危险因素(均P<0.05),CD4^(+)[OR(95%CI):0.788(0.641~0.968)]为影响复发性口腔溃疡患儿治疗后复发的保护因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析,IRF4,RANKL与炎症因子呈正相关(r=0.453~0.533,均P<0.05),与CD4^(+)(r=-0.407,-0.409)和CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)(r=-0.425,-0.412)呈负相关(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示血清IRF4,RANK以及联合预测复发性口腔溃疡患儿复发的AUC(95%CI)分别为0.840(0.741~0.913),0.832(0.732~0.906),0.928(0.847~0.974),联合预测显著优于IRF4,RANKL单独预测(Z=1.984,2.071,P=0.047,0.038)。结论 复发性口腔溃疡患儿血清IRF4,RANKL水平显著升高,均为影响患儿治疗后复发的危险因素,对患儿治疗后复发具有一定辅助预测价值。

miR-338-3p靶向核因子κB受体活化因子配体影响牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖及凋亡

背景:miR-338-3p能够抑制破骨细胞分化,下调核因子κB受体活化因子配体水平能够促进骨形成。然而miR-338-3p是否通过调控核因子κB受体活化因子配体表达影响牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖、凋亡尚不清楚。目的:探究miR-338-3p靶向核因子κB受体活化因子配体对牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及机制。方法:分离人牙槽骨成骨细胞,对其进行细胞转染及Wnt-C59(Wnt/β-catenin通路抑制剂)处理,分为转染对照组、miR-338-3p组、miR-338-3p+对照组、miR-338-3p+核因子κB受体活化因子配体组和miR-338-3p+Wnt-C59组。双荧光素酶实验验证miR-338-3p对核因子κB受体活化因子配体的调控作用;CCK-8、EdU染色检测细胞增殖水平;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡水平;RT-qPCR检测细胞miR-338-3p、核因子κB受体活化因子配体、Wnt-3a、β-catenin、糖原合酶激酶3βmRNA表达水平;Western Blot检测细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体、增殖细胞核抗原、Ki67、细胞周期蛋白D1、Bcl-2、Bax、天冬氨酸半胱氨酸蛋白酶3、Wnt-3a、β-catenin、糖原合酶激酶3β蛋白表达水平。结果与结论:①miR-338-3p靶向调控核因子κB受体活化因子配体;②过表达miR-338-3p后,细胞存活率、EdU阳性细胞率、S期细胞比例升高,细胞凋亡率降低,miR-338-3p、增殖细胞核抗原、Ki67、细胞周期蛋白D1、Bcl-2、Wnt-3a、β-catenin mRNA和蛋白水平升高,Bax、天冬氨酸半胱氨酸蛋白酶3、核因子κB受体活化因子配体、糖原合酶激酶3βmRNA和蛋白水平降低(均P<0.05);③过表达核因子κB受体活化因子配体或Wnt-C59处理能够减弱过表达miR-338-3p对细胞增殖、凋亡的影响(均P<0.05);④结果表明,miR-338-3p靶向核因子κB受体活化因子配体表达可促进牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖,并抑制细胞凋亡,其可能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路发挥作用。

糖尿病伴骨质疏松症患者血清sRANKL、IFN-γ水平及其诊断价值

目的探究糖尿病伴骨质疏松症(OP)患者血清可溶性核因子κB受体活化因子配基(sRANKL)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)水平及其诊断价值。方法选取该院2020年12月至2023年12月收治的糖尿病患者142例作为研究对象,根据是否发生OP将其分为OP组(48例)和非OP组(94例)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清sRANKL、IFN-γ水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析糖尿病患者发生OP的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清sRANKL、IFN-γ单独及联合检测对糖尿病患者发生OP的诊断价值。结果OP组与非OP组年龄、性别、体质量指数、糖尿病病程、维生素D代谢异常情况、糖尿病治疗药物比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与非OP组比较,OP组血清sRANKL水平升高,IFN-γ水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清sRANKL、IFN-γ单独及联合诊断糖尿病患者发生OP的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.757、0.770、0.912,血清sRANKL、IFN-γ联合诊断糖尿病患者发生OP的AUC高于sRANKL、IFN-γ单独检测(Z二者联合-sRANKL=3.144,P二者联合-sRANKL=0.002;Z二者联合-IFN-γ=2.858,P二者联合-IFN-γ=0.004)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,sRANKL水平升高是糖尿病患者发生OP的危险因素(P<0.05),IFN-γ水平升高是糖尿病患者发生OP的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病伴OP患者血清sRANKL水平升高,IFN-γ水平降低,sRANKL、IFN-γ联合可以更好地诊断糖尿病患者OP的发生。

地舒单抗在骨质疏松初始、序贯、联合治疗等方面的临床研究进展

地舒单抗(denosumab,DMAb)是最早出现的全人源核因子-κB受体活化因子配体[receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)ligand,RANKL]的单克隆抗体。2020年在我国上市,应用于骨质疏松治疗领域,是抑制骨吸收类抗骨松药物中的新成员。本综述的目的为归纳总结近年围绕DMAb在骨质疏松初始、序贯以及联合治疗方面的临床研究进展,为其应用提供参考。

基于骨免疫学论中医药抑制类风湿关节炎骨破坏的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种以滑膜炎、软骨与骨破坏为主要病理表现的自身免疫性疾病,致残率较高。RA免疫及炎症反应与骨细胞代谢互为影响,其核心环节为破坏机体核因子κB受体活化因子配体/核因子κB受体活化因子/骨保护素(RANKL/RANK/OPG)信号通路的平衡,导致成骨细胞减少,以及破骨细胞凋亡减退及异常活化。西药目前以抑制炎症反应及相关细胞因子分泌,减缓疾病进展,但长期使用其不良反应难以忽视。中医药在防治骨破坏中研究逐步深入,但在基础及临床研究方面仍存在一定局限性。

丹参酮ⅡA调节骨关节炎小鼠骨代谢的作用机制

目的探讨丹参酮ⅡA(TanⅡA)通过介导Yes激酶相关蛋白(Yes-associated protein,YAP)、核因子-κB受体活化因子配基(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)/核因子κB受体活化因子(eceptor activator of nuclear factor-κB,RANK)/骨保护蛋白(osteoprotegerin,OPG)调节骨关节炎小鼠骨代谢的作用机制。方法建立骨关节炎小鼠模型,将60只小鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组、TanⅡA低剂量组和TanⅡA高剂量组,每组15只,造模成功后灌胃给药,连续4周。HE和番红O固绿染色观察软骨组织病理损伤并进行Mankin评分。酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清骨碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phosphatase,BALP)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)、Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽(C-telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen,CTX)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)。蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)、YAP、RANK、RANKL和OPG蛋白。结果TanⅡA可改善小鼠软骨组织病理变化并降低Mankin评分。与假手术组比较,模型组BALP、OC水平下降,CTX、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-8、MMP1、MMP3和MMP13水平升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,TanⅡA低剂量组、TanⅡA高剂量组BALP、OC水平升高,CTX、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-8、MMP1、MMP3和MMP13水平降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组小鼠软骨组织中YAP、OPG和RANK蛋白水平下降,RANKL蛋白水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,TanⅡA 2组小鼠软骨组织中YAP、OPG和RANK蛋白水平上升,RANKL蛋白水平下降(P<0.05)。结论TanⅡA可能通过介导YAP、RANK/RANKL/OPG信号通路调控骨关节炎。

PTHrP促进RANKL诱导巨噬细胞分化为破骨细胞参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏

目的:骨质进行性吸收破坏是中耳胆脂瘤最重要的临床特征之一,可导致一系列颅内外并发症,而目前中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏的机制尚未明确。本研究旨在探究甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(parathyroid hormone-related protein,PTHrP)参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏的机制。方法:收集后天性中耳胆脂瘤患者的25例胆脂瘤标本和13例外耳道正常皮肤组织标本。采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测PTHrP、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator for nuclear factor-kappa B ligand,RANKL)和骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)在中耳胆脂瘤和外耳道正常皮肤组织中的表达,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色法检测中耳胆脂瘤和外耳道正常皮肤组织中是否存在TRAP阳性多核巨噬细胞。选取小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞进行干预,分为RANKL干预组和PTHrP+RANKL共同干预组,采用TRAP染色法检测2组破骨细胞的生成情况,实时聚合酶链反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction,real-time PCR)检测干预后2组破骨细胞相关基因TRAP、组织蛋白酶K(cathepsin K,CTSK)和活化T细胞核因子1(nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1,NFATc1)的mRNA表达水平,骨吸收陷窝实验检测2组破骨细胞的骨吸收功能。结果:免疫组织化学染色结果显示,PTHrP和RANKL在中耳胆脂瘤组织中的表达均显著增高,OPG表达降低(均P<0.05),且PTHrP的表达与RANKL、RANKL/OPG比值均呈显著正相关,与OPG表达呈显著负相关(分别r=0.385、r=0.417、r=-0.316,均P<0.05)。同时,PTHrP、RANKL的表达水平与中耳胆脂瘤的骨破坏程度均呈显著正相关(分别r=0.413、r=0.505,均P<0.05)。TRAP染色结果显示中耳胆脂瘤上皮周围基质中有大量TRAP阳性细胞,并存在细胞核数量为3个或3个以上的TRAP阳性破骨细胞。RANKL或PTHrP+RANKL联合干预5 d后,与RANKL干预组相比,PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的破骨细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),且破骨细胞相关基因TRAP、CTSK和NFATc1的mRNA表达水平均升高(均P<0.05)。骨吸收陷窝扫描电镜结果显示RANKL干预组、PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的骨片表面均形成骨吸收陷窝;与RANKL干预组相比,PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的骨片表面骨吸收陷窝数量显著增加(P<0.05),面积也更大。结论:PTHrP可能通过促进RANKL诱导胆脂瘤组织周围基质中的巨噬细胞分化为破骨细胞,参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏。

托法替布对类风湿关节炎患者的干预效果分析

目的:探讨与分析托法替布对类风湿关节炎患者的干预效果.方法:选择2021年6月—2023年1月我院收治的80例类风湿关节炎患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为托法替布组与对照组,各40例.对照组给予甲氨蝶呤治疗,托法替布组在对照组治疗的基础上给予托法替布治疗,2组均治疗观察12周,比较2组患者的滑膜增生程度与骨侵蚀变化情况、肌骨超声半定量评分、生活质量评分及治疗期间不良反应发生率.结果:2组治疗12周后的骨侵蚀评分、滑膜增生评分均低于治疗前,且托法替布组治疗12周后骨侵蚀评分、滑膜增生评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).2组治疗期间恶心呕吐、嗜睡、静脉血栓、白细胞减少等不良反应发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).2组治疗12周后的肌骨超声半定量评分均低于治疗前,且托法替布组治疗12周后的肌骨超声半定量评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).托法替布组治疗12周后的功能状况、情感状况、社会功能状况、生理功能状况等生活质量评分均高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:托法替布在类风湿关节炎患者的应用能缓解滑膜增生程度与骨侵蚀程度,且不会增加不良反应的发生,还可降低患者的肌骨超声半定量评分,提高患者的生活质量,从而持续改善患者的预后.