B2 adrenergic receptors and morphological changes of the enteric nervous system in colorectal adenocarcinoma

To study the morphology of the enteric nervous system and the expression of beta-2 adrenergic (B2A) receptors in primary colorectal cancer.METHODSIn this study, we included forty-eight patients with primary colorectal cancer and nine patients for control tissue from the excision of a colonic segment for benign conditions. We determined the clinicopathological features and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression pattern of B2A receptors as well as the morphological changes of the enteric nervous system (ENS). In order to assess statistical differences, we used the student t-test for comparing the means of two groups and one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis for comparing the means of more than two groups. Correlations were assessed using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient.RESULTSB2A receptors were significantly associated with tumor grading, tumor size, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), while there were no statistically significant associations with gender, CRC location and gross appearance (P > 0.05). We observed, on one hand, a decrease of the relative area for both Auerbach and Meissner plexuses with the increase of the tumor grading, and on the other hand, an increase of the relative area of other nervous elements not in the Meissner plexus or in the Auerbach plexus with the tumor grading. For G1 tumors we found that epithelial B2A area showed an inverse correlation with the Auerbach plexus areas [r(14) = -0.531, P < 0.05], while for G2 tumors, epithelial B2A areas showed an indirect variation with both the Auerbach plexus areas [r(14) = -0.453, P < 0.05] and the Meissner areas [r(14) = -0.825, P < 0.01]. For G3 tumors, the inverse dependence increased for both Auerbach [r(14) = -0.587, P < 0.05] and Meissner [r(14) = -0.934, P < 0.05] plexuses.CONCLUSIONB2A receptors play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and can be utilized as prognostic factors. Furthermore, study of the ENS in colorectal cancer may lead to targeted molecular therapies.

β_(2) and α_(2) adrenergic receptors mediate the proneurogenic in vitro effects of norquetiapine

Positive modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis may contribute to the therapeutic effects of clinically relevant antidepressant drugs,including atypical antipsychotics.Quetiapine,an antipsychotic which represents a therapeutic option in patients who are resistant to classical antidepressants,promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis in preclinical studies.Norquetiapine,the key active metabolite of quetiapine in humans,has a distinctive receptor profile than the parent compound.The drug is indeed a high affinity norepinephrine transporter inhibitor and such activity has been proposed to contribute to its antidepressant effect.At present,no information is available on the effects of norquetiapine on adult neurogenesis.We extensively investigated the activity of quetiapine and norquetiapine on adult murine neural stem/progenitor cells and their progeny.Additionally,selective antagonists for β_(2)/α_(2) adrenergic receptors allowed us to evaluate if these receptors could mediate quetiapine and norquetiapine effects.We demonstrated that both drugs elicit in vitro proneurogenic effects but also that norquetiapine had distinctive properties which may depend on its ability to inhibit norepinephrine transporter and involve β_(2)/α_(2) adrenergic receptors.Animal care and experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees(IACUC)at University of Piemonte Orientale,Italy(approval No.1033/2015PR)on September 29,2015.

Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional memories.These receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.The ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous system.Insights gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent deficits.Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.Olfa ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian body.This ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory receptors.In addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing microbiota.The analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation mechanisms.This review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative processes.Evidence suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous system injuries.

Experimental study on alteration of adrenergic receptors activity in neuronal membranes protein of cerebral cortex following brain trau ma in rats

Objective:To definethecourseof changestakenbyα 1 andβadrenergicreceptors(AR)activityaftertraumatic braininjury(TBI)andexploretheapproachforsecondarybraininjury(SBI)management.Methods:Theneuronalmem-braneproteinof cortexwereextractedfromtheratssubjectto traumaticbraininjury,andthechangesofα 1 -andβ-ARac-tivitiesintheneuronalmembraneswereexaminedby radioligandbindingassay(RLBA).Results:α 1 -andβ-ARactivities underwentobviouschanges,reachingtheirpeakvaluesat24h afterTBI.α 1 -ARbindingdensity(B max )reducedby22.6%whiletheligandaffinityincreasedby66.7%,andforβ-AR,however,B max increasedby116.9%andtheligandaffinityre-ducedby50.7%.Theirantagonistscouldcounteractthechangesofα 1 -andβ-ARactivity.Con clu sion:Thepatternsof changesvariesbetweenα 1 -andβ-ARactivityafterTBI, suggestingtheirdifferentrolesintheneuronalmembranesafter braintrauma,andtimelyadministrationof ARantagonistsispotentiallybeneficialinTBImanagement.

The role of α- and β-adrenergic receptors in the spasmolytic effects on rat ileum of Petroselinum crispum Latifolum(parsley)

Objective:To investigate Petroselinum crispum Latifolum(parsley) for treating stomach and intestinal disorders in Iran.Methods:An 80%ethanol extract was prepared from parsley seeds, and its antispasmodic activity assessed by measuring contractions of isolated ilea induced by 60 mM potassium chloride(KG).A piece of ileum from an adult male Wistar rat was dissected and mounted in an organ bath containing Tyrode’s solution,and ileum contractions were recorded by an isotonic transducer under one gram resting tension.The effect of parsley extract was measured in the presence of two antagonists’ of a - and(5-adrenoceptors.Results:These experiments showed that parsley extract inhibited the response to 60 mM KC1 in a concentration-dependent manner(P【0.01,n=7).The spasmolytic effect of parsley extract was unaffected by 1μM phentolamine or 1μM propranolol.Conclusions:This study shows that parsley seed extract is a relaxant of isolated rat ileum and the relaxation effect of extract does not involved adrenergic receptors.

Clinical value of detecting autoantibodies against β1-, β2-, and α1-adrenergic receptors in carvedilol treatment of patients with heart failure

Objective To determine the possible association of anti-β1-adrenergic receptors(anti-β1-AR), anti-β2-AR and anti-α1-AR with carvedilol treatment in patients with heart failure(HF). Methods A total of 267 HF patients were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All of the patients received carvedilol for their HF. Each patient was followed up for six months and their cardiac function was measured. Results The final analysis encompassed 137 patients comprising 65 patients with three autoantibodies(positive group) and 72 patients without all three autoantibodies but with one or two autoantibodies(negative group). The frequency and geometric mean titer of anti-β1-AR, anti-β2-AR, and anti-α1-AR were significantly lower in the group without all three autoantibodies after six months of carvedilol treatment(all P < 0.01;from 100% to 57%, 50%, and 49%, respectively;and from 1: 118, 1: 138, and 1: 130 to 1: 72, 1: 61, and 1: 67, respectively). Furthermore, 28 patients in the positive group demonstrated complete ablation of autoantibodies. In addition, left ventricular remodelling and function was significantly improved by the use of carvedilol combined with the standard treatment regime for six months in the positive group(P < 0.01) when compared to the negative group(P < 0.05). Conclusions Carvedilol treatment significantly decreases frequency and geometric mean titer in patients with all three autoantibodies, even up to complete ablation, and significantly improved cardiac function and remodelling. The effect of carvedilol is probably correlated to the presence of all three autoantibodies.

Changes of pulmonary α_1-and β-adrenergic receptors after endotoxininduced acute lung injury in rats

Changes of pulmonary α1-and βadrenergic receptors (α1- ARs and β-ARs) after endotoxin-induced lung injury were dynamically observed with radioligand binding assay and the pulmonary rnicrovascular permeability and histopathology were also studied in rats to investigate the relationship between changes of pu1monary ARs and acute lung injury. It was found that the contents of both α1-ARs and β-ARs were significantly decreased after endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. On the basis of these findings, the authors inferred that the down regulation of β-ARs might be one of the factors to increase pulmonary microvascular permeability and that of α1-ARs seems to be a protective reaction. This inference might serve as the theoretical basis to treat pulmonary edema with α1-antagonists and β-agonists clinically.

Changes of pulmonary beta-adrenergic receptors and their relationship with membranous phospholipid metabolism in endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats

The changes of beta-adrenergic receptors (AARs) in lung tissue in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury was investigated with radioligand bindig assay in rats. The lipid fluidity and phospholipid content of the cellular membrane of lung tissue were measured with fluorescent polarization and high performance liquid chromatography respectively. The findings were as follows:1- Four hours after endotoxin injection, there was a 47% decrease of the maximal binding capacity of fyARsas compared with the control.2. Endotoxin was able to decrease the lipid fluidity and phospholipid content of the pulmonary cellular membrane markedly and at the same time. There was an elevated activity of phospholipase A2 in the pulmonary tissueThese findings suggest that the decrease of the binding capacity of &ARs results in a decrease of the PAR mediated functions, which plays a ro1e in the pathogensis of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury and the activation of phospholipase A2 which is an important factor to reduce the phospholipid content of cell membrane and subsequently to decrease its lipid fluidity, can result in a reduction of the lateral diffusion and rotatory movement of β-ARs and to decrease the chances of β-ARs to bind with the ligands.

Interactive Effects of Zinc and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride on Bovine <i>β</i>-Adrenergic Receptors

The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of zinc (Zn) in combination with zilpaterol HCL (ZH) affected the interaction of ZH with the beta2-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) by altering cAMP production, gene expression, and protein abundance in cultured skeletal muscle cells. Cultures of muscle bovine satellite cells were established and treated at 120 h with: 1) 0 μM Zn/zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH;CON);2) 0 μM Zn/10 μM ZH (ZH);3) 1 μM Zn from Zn chloride/0 μM ZH (Zn);4) 1 μM Zn from Zn chloride/10 μM ZH (ZN/ZH) in differentiation media for an additional 0, 6, 24, 48 and 96 h. Protein and mRNA were isolated and quantified at 24 and 96 h, and cAMP was measured at 0, 6, 24, 48 and 96 h. At 0, 24, 48 and 96 h, no differences (P > 0.05) were detected in cAMP production. At 6 h, Zn cells had the greatest concentration of cAMP (P < 0.05) compared to ZH treatments. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected in mRNA abundance at 24 h. At 96 h, 0 μM Zn/10 μM ZH cells had an increased abundance of myosin heavy chain (MHC)-I mRNA (P < 0.05) compared to CON. Furthermore, ZH had a greater abundance of MHC-IIX mRNA (P < 0.05) and a tendency for a greater abundance of IGF-1 mRNA (P < 0.15) compared to CON and ZN/ZH. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected in the protein abundance of β1AR and the β2AR. These results indicated Zn and ZH in combination did not have an additive effect on β2-AR function as indicated by cAMP concentrations.

Relationship between catecholamine level and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with EV71 infection in hand foot and mouth disease

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165 C in children with enterovirus 71(EV71) infection in hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD). Methods:The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to detect the expression of gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165 C in vitro. The levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results:The plasma norepinephrine level of severe group was significantly higher than the mild group in children with EV71 infection in HFMD(P<0.05); however,the levels of plasma adrenalinein in two groups had no statistical differences(P>0.05); There was no significant difference in the distribution of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165 C genotype and allele between EV71 infection group and healthy control group(P> 0.05). Further analysis of EV71 infection group by dividing it into mild and severe groups showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype and allele between these two groups as well(P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in different genotypes of EV71 infection group(P> 0.05),and in the levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the mild and severe groups(P> 0.05). Conclusions:As the disease gets worse,the plasma norepinephrine level has a rising trend in children with EV71 infection in HFMD,which is an important indicator to evaluate the progress of the disease. However,the gene polymorphism of eptor G1165 C have no significant correlation,not only with the susceptibility and severit β1 adrenergic recy of EV71 infection in hand,foot and mouth disease,but also with the levels of catecholamine.

Association of β3 Adrenergic Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma 2 Polymorphisms With Insulin Sensitivity:A Twin Study

Objective To study the effect of β3 adrenergic receptor （β3AR） Trp64Arg and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 （PPAR72） Prol2Ala polymorphisms on insulin resistance. Methods One hundred and eight dizygotic twin pairs were enrolled in this study. Microsatellite polymorphism was used to diagnose zygosity of twins. Insulin sensitivity was estimated with logarithm transformed homeostasis model assessment （HOMA）. PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to detect the variants. As a supplement to the sib-pair method, identity by state （IBS） was used to analyze the association of polymorphisms with insulin sensitivity. Results The genotype frequencies of Trp64Trg, Trp64Arg, and Arg64Arg were 72.3%, 23.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, while the genotype frequencies of Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala were 89.9%, 9.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. For β3AR Trp64Arg the interclass co-twin correlations of Waist-to-hip ratio （WHR）, blood glucose （GLU）, and insulin （INS）, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） of the twin pairs sharing 2 alleles of IBS were greater than those sharing 0-1 allele of IBS, and HOMA4R had statistic significance. For PPAR3t2 Prol2Ala most traits of twin pairs sharing 2 alleles of IBS had greater correlations and statistic significance in body mass index （BMI）, WHR, percent of body fat （PBF） and GLU, but there were low correlations of either insulin or HOMA-IR of twin pairs sharing 1 or 2 alleles of IBS. The combined effects of the two variations showed less squared significant twin-pair differences of INS and HOMA-IR among twins sharing 4 alleles of IBS. Condusions β3AR Trp64Arg and PPAR）,2 Pro 12Ala polymorphisms might be associated with insulin resistance and obesity, and there might be slight synergistic effects between this two gene loci, and further studies are necessary to confirm this finding.

Association between essential hypertension and polymorphisms of beta 1 adrenergic receptor gene G1165C (Gly389Arg) in Chinese Mongolian population

BACKGROUND： The prevalences of hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, etc. are higher in Mongolian population because of the influence of various factors including genetics, geography, diet, etc. Therefore, it is helpful to develop researches on the genetics of various diseases including hypertension in Mongolian population. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the association between the polymorphism of beta1 adrenergic receptor （β1-AR） gene G1165C （Arg389Gly）, an important candidate gene for various diseases of cardiovascular system, and essential hypertension in Mongolian population. DESIGN ： A cross-sectional study SETTINGS： Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College; Wulate Houqi Red Cross Society. PARTICIPANTS： The survey was carried out from February 2003 to March 2005. Totally 239 Mongolian residents, whose blood relations of 3 generations were all Mongolians, were selected from Wulate Houqi, Inner Mongolia, and they were all informed with the survey and detected items. Based on the diagnostic standard of hypertension set by WHO in 1999, the subjects were divided into two groups according to the level blood pressure： ① Normal blood pressure group （n=117）： systolic blood pressure （SBP） 〈 140 mm Hg （1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP） 〈 90 mm Hg, and those having histories of cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, diseases of liver, kidney and tiroides, and diabetes mellitus were excluded. ② Essential hypertension group （n=122）： including 51 patients with simple high SBP. All the enrolled subjects had no blood relationship with each other, and had no history of miscegenation. METHODS ： The body height, body mass, waist circumference and blood lipids were measured routinely, and their habits of smoking and drinking were also investigated. Penpheral venous blood （5 mL） was drawn, the genome DNA was extracted, and the polymorphisms of the β1-AR Gl165C （Gly389Arg） genotype were detected with the Sequenom system. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） experiment and SNP detection were performed in Huada Gene Laboratory of Bejing, then the univariate analysis of variance was applied in the sample comparison among groups, and the chi-square test was used to compare the genotypes and allele frequencies. The odd ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CO were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The distributions of β1-AR Gl165C （Gly389Arg） genotypes and alleles were observed. RESULTS： A11 the 239 subjects were involved in the analysis of results, and no one missed, ①Comparison of β1-AR G1165C （Gly389Arg） genotypes and allele distnbutions： In Mongolian population, the frequencies of CC and GG＋GC genotypes at β1-AR G1165C （Gly389Arg） site in the essential hypertension group （72%, 28%） were not significantly different from those in the normal blood pressure group （67%, 33%） （xz=0.841, P=-0.359; OR 0.773, 95%Cl： 0.445-1.342）; The frequencies of C and G alleles also had no significant differences between the essential hypertension group （85%, 15%） and the normal blood pressure group （82%, 18%） （x^2=1.136, P=-0.287; OR： 0.769, 95%Cl： 0.747-1.248）. ②The frequencies of CC and GG＋GC genotypes at β1-AR G1165C （Gly389Arg） site had no significant differences between the patients with simple high SBP （71%, 29%） and the normal blood pressure group （x^2=0.250, P=-0.617; OR： 0.833, 95%C/： 0.408-1.703）; The frequencies of C and G alleles were not significantly different between the patients with simple high SBP （86%, 14%） and the normal blood pressure group （x^2=0.670, P=-0.413; OR 0.766, 95%Cl： 0.404-1.453）. CONCLUSION： In Mongolian population, the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of β1-AR Gl165C （Gly389Arg） have no obvious differences between the subjects with normal blood pressure and the patients with essential hypertension （including simple SBP increase）, which suggests that G1165C （Glu389Asp） site of β1-AR gene may be not a genetic mark of essential hypertension and simple high SBP in Mongolian population.

Correlation of beta－receptors in human pathological brain tissue and in peripheral blood lymphocytes

Beta-adrenergic receptors in the brain are involved in modulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral energy metabolism (CEM). Because of the difficult availability of brain tissue samples, investigation of the relevant beta-receptor of brain is limited. In the present study, the density of beta-receptors in brain tissues and in circulating lymphocytes was measured by the method of radio-ligand receptor binding (RLBA), in brain injury or brain tumor and a correlation analysis was performed. Our results show that there is linear correlation between the beta-receptors in brain tissue and in peripheral blood lymphocytes (r= 0. 811 , P<0. 01) in cases of increased permeability of bloodbrain barrier during brain injury or brain tumor.

Correlation Analysis between Visceral Manifestation Theories on Xuanfa and Effect of Adrenergic Receptors

Chinese visceral manifestation theory states that lung dominates qi,regulates breathing,and governs Xuanfa（dispersing）and Sujiang（descending）.Clarifying this theory with modern physiological and pathological knowledge has been considered as an important part of complementary and alternative medicine therapy.Previous studies found that most Xuanfa drugs contained pharmacodynamic ingredients related to adrenergic receptors（ARs）signal transduction.The association of Xuanfa,with the control of breath movement,nutrient transfer,spreading heat to regulate temperature,and helping the heart control blood circulation,coincides with the physiological function of organs dominated by ARs-regulated sympathetic postganglionic fibers.Therefore,we hypothesize that Xuanfa is closely related to ARs-regulated signal transduction.By modern biological knowledge,we tried to evaluate and expound the correlation between the molecular mechanisms of modern physiology or pathology and Xuanfa or Sujiang theory.Ultimately,the research and development of modern drugs should fully expect the guidance from Chinese visceral manifestation theory,and the application of this principle will guide the prevention and clinical treatment of a variety of refractory diseases caused by a change in environment,climate,or lifestyle.

β-2 Adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism and response to propranolol in cirrhosis

AIM: To evaluate the association of β-2 adrenergic receptor(β2-AR) gene polymorphism with response of variceal pressure to propranolol in cirrhosis.METHODS: Sixty-four non-related cirrhotic patients participated in this study and accepted variceal pressure measurement before and after propranolol administration. Polymorphism of the β 2-AR gene was determined by directly sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction products from the DNA samples that were prepared from the patients.RESULTS: The prevalence of Gly16-Glu/Gln27 and Arg16-Gln27 homozygotes, and compound heterozygotes was 29.7%, 10.9%, and 59.4%, respectively.Patients with cirrhosis with Gly16-Glu/Gln27 homozygotes had a greater decrease of variceal pressure after propranolol administration than those with Arg16-Gln27 homozygotes or with compound heterozygotes(22.4% ± 2.1%, 13.1% ± 2.7% and 12.5% ± 3.1%,respectively, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The variceal pressure response to propranolol was associated with polymorphism of β 2-AR gene. Patients with the Gly16-Glu/Gln27 homozygotes probably benefit from propranolol therapy.

Expression of hippocampal adrenergic receptor mRNA in a rat model of depression

Adrenergic receptor dysfunction is suggested as a potential cause of hippocampal vulnerability to stress-related pathology. We examined mRNA expression of adrenergic receptor （AR） subtypes α1-AR, α1-AR, and β1-AR in hippocampal subregions （CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus） using in situ hybridization in a depression model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress and social isolation, α1-AR mRNA expression was significantly increased in the CA3 and dentate gyrus, β1-AR mRNA was significantly increased in the CA1, and α1-AR mRNA remained unchanged in all regions of depression rats compared with controls. Thus, different AR subtypes exhibit a differing pattern of mRNA expression in various hippocampal subregions following depression.

The effect of adrenergic receptor-adenyl cyclase system on myocardial ischemic preconditioning in rats

In order to study the effects of every part of adrenergic receptor-adenyl cyclase system on ischemic preconditioning of myocardium in rats in vivo,SD rats were divided into three groups:IP group,I/R group and CON group.Rate were received surgical procedure and undergone left coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion.Hearts were extracted to analyze the infarct size by TTC staining,to measure serum myocardial enzymes,to study β-AR Bamx and Kd by radioligand binding assay of receptors(RAB),and to check the activity of AC and the content of cAMP by radioimmunoassay(RIA).The infarct area was found much smaller in IP group than I/R group(P<0.001);CK,CK-MB and LDH were found significantly higher in I/R group (P<0.001),The Bmax of β-AR in IP group were higher than in I/R group (P<0.001), No difference of Kd could be seen between IP and I/R group,In IP group,the activity of Ac and the content of cAMP were higher than I/R group(P<0.05 and 0.001,respectively).It is concluded that ischemic preconditioning can protect the hearts from necrosis and reduce endo-enzyme leakage.The system of adrenergic receptor-adenyl cyclase system probably takes part in the protection of the IP.

Effect of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Beta Adrenergic Receptor Adenylate Cyclase System on Surfaces of Peripheral Lymphocytes

Summary: The experimental results showed that the level of CAMP, the ratio of cAPM to cGMP, IL-2R expression and IL-2 production in vitro in lymphocytes immediate and 2 weeks after car- diopulmonary bypass (CPB) were significantly lower than those before anesthetics in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. These findings suggested that CPB could cause serious damage to adrenergic beta receptor-adenylate cyclase system on circulating lymphocytes surfaces, which might be one of the mechanisms resulting in immunosuppression after open heart surgery with CPB.

Yohimbine protects against endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by blockade of alpha 2A adrenergic receptor in rats

Background Alpha 2A adrenergic receptor （AR） is a subtype of （]2 AR belonging to G protein-coupled receptors, and exerts a variety of biological effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that the a2A AR activation was closely related with inflammatory reaction. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of a2A AR antagonist, yohimbine, on the severity of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats.

No functional β_3-adrenergic receptors expressed in rat skeletal muscle cells

目的：研究原代培养的大鼠骨骼肌细胞中是否存在功能性β３肾上腺素受体（β３ＡＲ）．方法：利用柱层析方法测定异丙肾上腺素（Ｉｓｏ），β３ＡＲ激动剂ＣＧＰ１２１７７Ａ和β３ＡＲ拮抗剂ＳＲ５９２３０Ａ对培养骨骼肌细胞环磷腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）生成作用．结果：Ｉｓｏ剂量依赖性刺激骨骼肌细胞ｃＡＭＰ的生成，ＥＣ５０为１５１ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１．普萘洛尔０．１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１抑制Ｉｓｏ刺激的ｃＡＭＰ的生成，ＫＢ值为３４７ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１．ＣＧＰ１２１７７Ａ无刺激ｃＡＭＰ生成作用，但可抑制Ｉｓｏ的作用．ＳＲ５９２３０Ａ１０ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１不能抑制Ｉｓｏ刺激ｃＡＭＰ的产生．