In vivo immunomodulatory profile of histamine receptors(H1,H2,H3 and H4):a comparative antagonists study

Objective:To delineate the comparative immunomodulatory roles of H1R-H4R in antibody generation profile in rabbit model.Methods:The cohort comprised of eight groups containing 18(9 male and 9 female) rabbits in each group.GroupⅠremained non-immunized and received only vehicle(sterile distilled water,1 mL/kg×b.i.d.) intramuscularly.GroupⅡreceived vehicle (1 mL/kg×b.i.d.) while GroupsⅢ-Ⅶ(drugs-treated) received subcutaneous histamine (100μg/kg×b.i.d.),and intramuscular H1R-antagonist(pheniramine,10 mg/kg×b.i.d.), H2R-antagonist(ranitidine,10 mg/kg×b.i.d.),H3R-antagonist(iodophenpropit,1μg/kg×b.i.d.) and H4R-antagonist(JNJ 7777120,10μg/kg×b.i.d.),and GroupⅧDMSO(1 mL/kg×b.i.d.),respectively for 10 days(starting from day 1).They were subsequendy immunized with intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells(SRBC) at day 3.The estimation of serum Igs,IgM and IgG were done by ELISA,and observed at day 0(pre-immunization),and 7,14,21,28 and 58(post-immunization).Results:It was shown that histamine and HRs-antagonists could influence a detectable antibody response to SRBC as early as day 7-post-immunization(post-Ⅰ), which lasted until day 58 post-Ⅰ.The results were found statistically significant(P【0.05,). Conclusions:This study suggests that histamine receptors play important roles in modulation of antibody generation in which H1R,H2R and H4R have immunosuppressive roles and conversely, H3R playes an immune enhancing role.The findings of this study may have clinical significance and provide the baseline information for future study.

H_1 and H_2 receptors in the locus ceruleus are involved in the intracere-broventricular histamine-induced carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex reset-ting in rats

Objective To investigate the role of H1 and H2 receptors in the locus ceruleus （LC） in carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex （CSR） resetting induced by intracerebroventricular （i.c.v.） injection of histamine （HA）. Methods The left and right carotid sinus regions were isolated from the systemic circulation in 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The intracarotid sinus pressure （ISP） was altered in a stepwise manner in vivo. ISP-mean arterial pressure （MAP） relationship curve and its characteristic parameters were constructed by fitting to the logistic function with five parameters. The changes in CSR performance induced by i.c.v. HA and the effects of pretreatment with H1 or H2 receptors selective antagonist, chlorpheniramine （CHL） or cimetidine （CIM） into the LC, on the responses of CSR to HA were examined. Results I.c.v. HA （100 ng in 5 μl） significantly shifted the ISP-MAP relationship curve upwards （P 〈 0.05） and obviously decreased the value of the reflex parameters such as MAP range and maximum gain （P 〈 0.05）, but increased the threshold pressure, saturation pressure and ISP at maximum gain （P 〈 0.05）. The pretreatment with CHL （0.5 μg in 1 μl） or CIM （1.5 μg in 1 μl） into the LC could obviously attenuate the changes mentioned above in CSR performance induced by HA, but the alleviative effect of CIM was less remarkable than that of CHL （P 〈 0.05）. Respective microinjection of CHL or CIM alone into the LC with the corresponding dose and volume did not change CSR performance significantly （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion Intracerebroventricular administration of HA results in a rapid resetting of CSR and a decrease in reflex sensitivity, and the responses of CSR to HA may be mediated, at least in part, by H1 and H2 receptors activities in the LC, especially by H1 receptors. Moreover, the effects of the central HA on CSR might be related to a histaminergic descending pathway from the hypothalamus to LC.

Role of Histamine H1 Receptors in Vestibular Nucleus in Motion Sickness

Objectives To investigate the expression of histamine H1 receptors （H1R） in the vestibular nucleus of brainstem in rats and the role of H1R in motion sickness （MS）. Methods A total of 24 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups （n=6 each） which determined if the animals would receive induction of MS or drug （promethazine） treatment： MS （ - ）/Drug （ - ）; MS（＋）/Drug （ - ）; MS （ - ）/Drug （ ＋ at 0.25 mg）; and MS （ ＋ ）/ Drug（＋）. MS was induced by complex motion stimulation and the conditioned taste aversion was used as a behavioral indicator of MS. The volume of 0.15% sodium saccharin solution （SS） intake within 45 minutes after motion stimulation was measured. H1R in the vestibular nucleus was examined by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of H 1R protein in brainstem tissue at vestibular nucleus level was detected by western blot. Results The mean SS intake volume in the MS （ ＋ ）/Drug （ - ） group （8.8 ml） was significantly less than that of the MS （ - ）/Drug （ - ） group （15.1 ml） （P 〈 0.01）. The mean SS intake volume of the MS （-）/Drug （＋） group （14.8 ml） was similar to that of the MS（-）/Drug（-） group. The mean SS intake volume （9.6 ml） of the MS（＋）/Drug（＋） group was more than that of the MS（＋）/Drug（-）group （P〈0.01）, but less than that of the MS（-）/Drug（-） group or MS（-）/Drug（＋） group （P 〈 0.01）. Immunofluorescence staining showed positive expression of H1R in the vestibular nucleus of brainstem and the expression was enhanced by motion stimulation. Western blot analysis showed that H1R protein expressed in the brainstem tissue at vestibular nucleus level and the expression also increased significantly after motion stimulation. The MS-induced increase of H1R was not affected significantly by promethazine. Conclusions H1Rs exist in the vestibular nucleus in rats and H 1R expression is up-regulated by motion stimulation, but not affected by promethazine. The findings indicate that the histaminergic system is involved in MS. Promethazine, as an H1R blocker, may play its anti-MS role by competing the binding site on H1Rs with histamine rather than inhibiting H1R expression.

Changes in hippocampal histamine receptors in rats after treatment with Trimeresurus albolabris venom

BACKGROUND： It has been demonstrated that histamine and its receptors in the hippocampus play an important role in memory and/or learning behaviors.OBJECTIVE： To investigate the expression levels of the histamine receptor gene and protein in the hippocampi of rats prior to and after administration of Trimeresurus albolabris venom using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot techniques. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A controlled observation based on cellular protein level was performed in the College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University between March 2005 and April 2007. MATERIALS： Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. The lyophilized powder of Trimeresurus albolabris venom was collected from Jin-Hu-Shan in Chongqing, China. METHODS： Twenty rats were randomly and evenly divided into an experimental group and a control group The experimental group was subcutaneously injected with 0.65 mg/mL Trimeresurus albolabris venom, 0.5 mL for each rat. The control group was subcutaneously injected with an equal amount of 0.9% physiological saline. Prior to and after injection, rats from these two groups were placed in the Morris Water Maze for recording of path length and escape latency. The remaining 60 rats were randomly allocated to another experimental group （n = 50） and another control group （n = 10）. Rats were correspondingly injected as described above. At different time points （0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 hours after injection）, rats were decapitated and bilateral hippocampal tissues were dissociated （approximately 100 mg for each sample）. Then, the acquired hippocampal tissue was immediately preserved at -70 ℃ for subsequent experiments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） The levels of histamine receptor （including H1R, H2R, and H3R） mRNA and protein in the hippocampi of rats were measured prior to and after injection of Trimeresurus albolabris venom using RT-PCR and Western Blot techniques. （2） Escape latency （namely, time to reach a platform） and path length were examined by Morris Water Maze testing. RESULTS： All 80 rats were included in the final analysis. In the experimental group, the level of mRNA for H3R receptor in rat hippocampi was just slightly changed, but the level of H3R receptor protein was significantly down-regulated compared with that in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Both mRNA and protein levels for H1R receptor were initially downregulated and then recovered to normal levels. Expression of H2R receptor mRNA was initially upregulated, then downregulated, and finally restored to the control level. The level of H2R receptor protein showed a tendency for downregulation. In the Morris Water Maze testing, escape latency and path length were significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Within three hours of injection with Trimeresurus albolabris venom, mRNA and protein levels of most histamine receptors in rat hippocampi were downregulated. Such changes possibly contribute to an impairment of memory and/or learning behaviors in rats following injection of Trimeresurus albolabris venom.

Imetit Dihydrobromide and Thioperamide Medication in Cough Hypersensitivity Model—The Role of H3 Receptors

Chronic cough is a troublesome problem and it is frequently associated with diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux, asthma and upper airway diseases—so called diagnostic triade. The magnitude and severity of cough is strongly associated with the ongoing nasal inflammation in subjects with rhinosinusitis and treatment of nasal inflammation leads to the down regulation of pathologically up-regulated cough. Histamine plays a key role in the inflammation of the upper airways of different aetiologies;therefore histamine receptors seem to be promising targets. The aim of our study was to ascertain the effect of H3R agonist imetit and H3R antagonist thioperamide on cough and symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) in an animal model of upper airway cough syndrome in ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs. OVA sensitized guinea pigs (n = 10) were repeatedly challenged with i.n. allergen-OVA to induce allergic rhinitis and to enhance cough reflex according to the validated model of experimental allergic rhinitis. Animals were pre-treated by i.p. administration of imetit (1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg of body weight) and thioperamide 30 min. prior i.n. OVA administration. Rhinitis evaluation was based on the occurrence of typical symptoms. The effect on cough was assessed from the response to inhalation of citric acid (0.4 M, 10 min), final cough count and cough latency were analysed from the airflow traces, cough motor pattern and the cough sound. AR up-regulated the cough response from 9 ± 2 to 16 ± 1 cough per provocation, med ± IQR, p < 0.05 and shortened cough latency. Imetit (1 mg/kg) suppressed nasal symptoms and decreased number of cough from 16 ± 1 to 12 ± 1;however the data did not reach significance. Imetit (2 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the nasal symptoms, and number of coughs from 16 ± 1 to 6 ± 2, med ± IQR, p < 0.05. Thioperamide (5 mg/kg of body weight) did not have expected effects on tested parameters. H3R agonist imetit, unlike H3R antagonist thioperamide has antitussive potential and ability to suppress nasal symptoms in animal model of allergic rhinitis.

组胺H 1受体激动剂通过Akt/NF-κB通路抑制脂多糖诱导的星形胶质细胞炎症反应

目的探讨组胺H 1受体(histamine H 1 receptor,H 1R)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的星形胶质细胞炎症反应的影响及其调控机制。方法采用LPS建立体外星形胶质细胞炎症模型,随机将大鼠原代星形胶质细胞分为对照组、LPS组、LPS+H 1R激动剂组(2-pyridylethlamine,Pyri)和H 1R激动剂组。对照组仅加入培养液,LPS+H 1R激动剂组提前在培养液中加入100μmol·L-1的Pyri,1 h后再加入终浓度为100μg·L-1的LPS。CCK-8法检测细胞活性;免疫荧光法检测活化标记物GFAP和H 1R的表达;倒置相差显微镜下观察星形胶质细胞的形态变化;ELISA法检测细胞上清中炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6水平;Western blot检测p-Akt、Akt、p-NF-κB p65、NF-κB p65的蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,LPS组星形胶质细胞分支和辐射状突起减少,GFAP表达增加,细胞表面H 1R表达下调,上清液中TNF-α和IL-6含量增加,Akt和NF-κB p65的磷酸化水平明显增加;与LPS组相比,LPS+H 1R激动剂组激活态星形胶质细胞减少,GFAP表达降低,培养基上清中TNF-α和IL-6的含量明显下降,Akt和NF-κB p65的磷酸化表达明显降低。结论H 1R激动剂能够抑制LPS诱导的星形胶质细胞活化和炎症因子的表达,且Akt/NF-κB通路可能是H 1R参与星形胶质细胞免疫调节的重要途径。

雷公藤多苷联合他克莫司及激素治疗难治性肾病综合征的效果及对血清sTNF-R1、IGFBP-2、CFH水平的影响

目的 探讨雷公藤多苷联合他克莫司及激素治疗难治性肾病综合征(RNS)的疗效对血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体1(s TNF-R1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-2(IGFBP-2)、补体因子H(CFH)水平的影响。方法 研究对象为2018年8月至2021年8月于江南大学附属医院治疗的RNS患者102例,以随机数字表法分为对照组(n=51,采取甲泼尼龙片加他克莫司胶囊治疗)和观察组(n=51,在对照组基础上给予雷公藤多苷片治疗)。评估两组的治疗效果、血清相关指标,统计两组的不良反应。结果 观察组治疗总有效率(96.08%)高于对照组(80.39%)(χ^(2)=6.044,P=0.014);治疗后,观察组患者血清白蛋白、CFH水平[分别为(36.54±8.11) g·L^(-1)、(586.20±100.72)μg·m L^(-1)],高于对照组[分别为(32.58±6.12) g·L^(-1)、(540.11±100.47)μg·m L^(-1)],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.783,P=0.006;t=2.314,P=0.023);观察组患者24 h尿蛋白、肌酐、s TNF-R1、IGFBP-2水平[分别为(2.67±0.69) g、(82.25±16.13)μmol·L^(-1)、(1.56±0.45) ng·m L^(-1)、(51.34±10.44) ng·m L^(-1)],低于对照组[分别为(3.24±1.02) g、(92.68±17.35)μmol·L^(-1)、(1.91±0.58) ng·m L^(-1)、(57.79±12.58) ng·m L^(-1)],差异均有统计学意义(t=3.306,P=0.001;t=3.135,P=0.002;t=3.405,P=0.001;t=2.820,P=0.005);观察组复发率(1.96%)低于对照组(13.73%)(χ^(2)=4.883,P=0.027)。结论 公藤多苷联合他克莫司及激素治疗RNS效果佳,降低复发率,改善肾功能,减轻炎症,有望作为辅助治疗RNS的药物。

H型高血压患者血清DcR3、ADAMTS13浓度与其心血管功能及预后的关系

目的探究H型原发性高血压(高血压)患者血清诱骗受体3(decoy receptor 3,DcR3)、含1型血小板反应蛋白基序的去整合素金属蛋白酶13(A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with A thrombospondin type 1 motif member 13,ADAMTS13)浓度与其心血管功能及预后的关系。方法选取大庆市人民医院2020年6月至2022年6月收治的132例高血压患者作为观察对象,根据同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)浓度分为非H型高血压组40例和H型高血压组92例,根据预后情况将H型高血压患者分为预后良好组和预后不良组,并选择同期来大庆市人民医院健康体检的成年人70名作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测受试者血清中DcR3、ADAMTS13浓度,Pearson法分析血清中DcR3、ADAMTS13浓度与心血管功能指标的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析H型高血压患者1年预后不良的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析血清DcR3、ADAMTS13浓度对H型高血压患者1年预后不良的预测价值。结果与对照组[(122.28±32.34)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)、(48.16±8.65)mmHg、(8.59±1.25)mm、(118.34±34.25)g/m2、(1.48±0.34)g/L、(57.15±14.94)mg/L、(1.45±0.31)、70.28%±15.21%]比较,H型高血压组患者的收缩压[(139.35±38.21)mmHg]、脉压[(57.37±11.75)mmHg]、左心室后壁厚度(posterior wall thickness,PWT)[(11.69±2.00)mm]以及左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)[(148.54±38.22)g/m2]显著升高,DcR3[(0.74±0.19)g/L]、ADAMTS13浓度[(14.13±4.62)mg/L]、二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值/二尖瓣舒张晚期血流峰值(E-peak to A-peak of the mitral flow spectrum,E/A)(0.65±0.13)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)(64.26%±12.75%)显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与非H型高血压组患者组比较,H型高血压组患者的DcR3、ADAMTS13浓度及E/A显著降低,LVMI显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。H型高血压组患者血清中DcR3、ADAMTS13浓度均与收缩压、脉压和LVMI呈负相关(P<0.05),而与E/A、LVEF呈正相关(P<0.05)。预后不良组患者的年龄显著高于预后良好组,E/A(0.38±0.07)、DcR3[(0.45±0.13)g/L]、ADAMTS13浓度[(8.45±2.11)mg/L]显著低于预后良好组[0.75±0.11、(0.85±0.27)g/L、(16.25±4.85)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DcR3、ADAMTS13是H型高血压患者预后不良的保护因素(P<0.05)。血清DcR3、ADAMTS13浓度单独及二者联合预测H型高血压患者1年发生预后不良的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.906、0.844、0.950。结论H型高血压疾病患者血清DcR3、ADAMTS13浓度降低,与心血管功能及预后密切相关,对该疾病的预后评估有重要价值。

Histamine Excites Rat GABAergic Ventral Pallidum Neurons via Co-activation of H1 and H2 Receptors

The ventral pallidum(VP) is a crucial component of the limbic loop of the basal ganglia and participates in the regulation of reward, motivation, and emotion.Although the VP receives afferent inputs from the central histaminergic system, little is known about the effect of histamine on the VP and the underlying receptor mechanism. Here, we showed that histamine, a hypothalamicderived neuromodulator, directly depolarized and excited the GABAergic VP neurons which comprise a major cell type in the VP and are responsible for encoding cues of incentive salience and reward hedonics. Both postsynaptic histamine H1 and H2 receptors were found to be expressed in the GABAergic VP neurons and co-mediate the excitatory effect of histamine. These results suggested that the central histaminergic system may actively participate in VP-mediated motivational and emotional behaviors via direct modulation of the GABAergic VP neurons. Our findings also have implications for the role of histamine and the central histaminergic system in psychiatric disorders.

Exosome-transported IncRNA H19 regulates insulin-like growth factor-1 via the H19/let-7a/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor axis in ischemic stroke

LncRNA(long non-coding RNA) H19 is a transcript of the H19 gene that is expressed during embryogenesis.We previously discove red a role for circular lncRNA H19 in the onset and prognosis of cerebral ischemic stroke.In this study,we used serum from patients with ischemic stroke,and mouse and cell culture models to elucidate the roles of plasma and neuronal exosomes in the regulatory effect of lncRNA H19 on insulin-like growth factor-1 and its mechanism in ischemic stroke,using western blotting,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Plasma exosomal IncRNA H19 was negatively associated with blood levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 in samples from patients with cerebral ischemic stroke.In a mouse model,levels of exosomal IncRNA H19 were positively correlated with plasma and cerebral lncRNA H19.In a cell co-culture model,we confirmed that IncRNA H19 was transported from neuro ns to astrocytes by exosomes to induce downregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 through the H19/let-7 a/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor axis.This study provides the first evidence for the transpo rtation of IncRNA H19 by exosomes and the relationship between IncRNA H19 and insulinlike growth factor-1.

Effects of splice sites on the intron retention in histamine H_3 receptors from rats and mice

In the alternative splicing, intron retention, of histamine H3 receptors in rats and mice, the short transcript isoforms that are excised alternatively spliced introns are easily detected in a very low level in rats and are undetectable in mice using the regular PCR protocol. The retained introns have common 5＇ splice site and different 3＇ splice sites. The detailed mechanism for the special alternative splicing remains largely unclear. In this study, we developed a minigene splicing system to recapitulate natural alternative splicing of the receptors and investigated the effects of 5＇ and 3＇ splice sites on intron retention in HeLa cells. Mutating weak 5＇ and 3＇ splice sites of the alternatively spliced introns toward the canonical consensus sequences promoted the splicing of the corresponding introns in rat and mouse minigenes. The effect of splice site strength was context-dependent and much more sigiaificant for the 3＇ splice site of the longer alternative intron than for the 3＇ splice site of the shorter alternative intron and the common 5＇ splice sites; it was also more significant in the rat minigene than in the mouse minigene. Mutating the 3＇ splice site of the longer alternative intron resulted in almost complete splicing of the intron and made the corresponding isoform to become the nearly exclusive transcript in the rat minigene.

H_1受体拮抗剂西替利嗪

目的：介绍新一代Ｈ１受体拮抗剂西替利嗪。方法：通过复习近１０年的文献，对西替利嗪的药理、药效、药动和临床应用进行综述。结果：西替利嗪可选择性拮抗外周Ｈ１受体，有抗组胺、抗过敏等活性。结论：西替利嗪作用强而持久，且无中枢镇静作用，值得进一步研究和临床推广应用。

法莫替丁与H_1受体拮抗剂联合治疗慢性荨麻疹临床观察

３０例单用Ｈ１受体拮抗剂治疗疗效差的慢性荨麻疹患者，联合应用法莫替丁治疗４周。结果显示临床痊愈率和显效率分别为８３．３％和１０％，表明法莫替丁与Ｈ１受体拮抗剂联合用于这类单用Ｈ１受体拮抗剂不能奏效的慢性荨麻疹患者是一种有效的治疗方法。

甲状腺乳头状腺癌中EGFR、nm23-H_1和p53蛋白的表达

目的：探讨 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ Ｒ、ｎｍ２３ Ｈ１ 及ｐ５３ 蛋白在甲状腺乳头状腺癌中的表达及其与淋巴结转移的关系。方法：应用免疫组化 Ａ Ｂ Ｃ 法检测３６ 例有颈淋巴结转移的甲状腺乳头状腺癌的原发灶与转移灶和４０ 例无转移的甲状腺乳头状腺癌中 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ Ｒ、ｎｍ２３ Ｈ１ 及ｐ５３ 蛋白的表达。结果：７６ 例甲状腺乳头状腺癌的 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ Ｒ、ｎｍ２３ Ｈ１ 及ｐ５３ 蛋白的阳性表达率分别为５５３ ％ 、６０５ ％ 和１１８ ％ ；但有转移的甲状腺乳头状腺癌的 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ Ｒ 阳性表达率高于无转移者（ Ｐ＜ ００５） ，且转移灶的 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ Ｒ 阳性率明显高于其原发灶（ Ｐ＜ ００５） ；有转移的甲状腺乳头状腺癌的ｎ ｍ２３ Ｈ１ 阳性率低于无转移癌者（ Ｐ＜ ００１） ；甲状腺乳头状腺癌中 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ Ｒ 的阳性表达与ｎ ｍ２３ Ｈ１ 的表达有负相关（ Ｐ＜ ００１） 。结论：甲状腺乳头状腺癌 Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ Ｒ 的过表达，ｎｍ２３ Ｈ１ 的低表达，二者表达的失平衡是其易于淋巴结转移的原因之一， Ｅ Ｇ Ｆ Ｒ，ｎｍ２３ Ｈ１ 联用可作为甲状腺乳头状腺癌淋巴结转移的评价指标。

乳腺癌组织中NHERF1、PTEN和ERα蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的在乳腺癌及癌旁组织中研究钠氢交换子调节因子1(Na+/H+exchanger regulatory factor 1,NHERF1)、PTEN和雌激素受体亚型ERα的免疫组织化学表达情况及其与乳腺癌临床病理分型的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学(SP)法评价乳腺癌组织及癌旁组织中NHERF、PTEN和雌激素受体亚型ERα蛋白表达情况,对其进行比较研究。结果乳腺癌组织中NHERF1和PTEN均呈现弱阳性表达或者不表达,而在癌旁组织中两者均有表达,而且在癌旁组织与癌组织中的表达量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。而ERα的表达量在乳腺癌组织中明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.01)。结论乳腺癌组织中PTEN蛋白的表达水平可能与乳腺癌组织中NHERF1的表达有很大的相关性,雌激素受体在乳腺癌的发生发展过程中起了很重要的作用。

Na^+/H^+交换泵1激活与心肌肥大

钠氢交换泵 1介导缺血及再灌流引起的心肌损伤。近期的研究提示钠氢交换泵 1也介导长期不良刺激引起的心肌肥大和心衰。钠氢交换泵 1可能是引起心肌肥大的多种因素信息传导下游区的共同媒介 ,比如血管紧张素Ⅱ ,肾上腺α1、β1受体兴奋等。抑制钠氢交换泵 1可能会成为防治心衰的一种新方法。

偶氮苯类人工受体中间体的合成及1HNMR谱

在一种仿G蛋白耦合型信号转导的人工超分子系统中引入一类偶氮苯结构的化合物,用来模拟跨膜受体。以苯胺为原料,合成几种人工受体中间体-偶氮苯化合物,选取其中4,4’-二羧基偶氮苯与谷氨酸甲酯(GluOMe)进行连接,得到一种氨基酸甲酯偶氮苯衍生物(Azo-AAOMe),并对其1H NMR谱进行了研究。核磁谱图显示,所合成的化合物正是预期产物。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并冠心病患者组胺、可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1、微小核糖核酸-145、超敏C反应蛋白的表达特征及检测价值

目的 探讨组胺(HA)、可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、微小核糖核酸-145(miR-145)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并冠心病(CHD)患者中的表达特征及检测价值。方法 将107例COPD合并CHD患者设为研究组,同期健康体检者107例设为对照组。抽取受检者血液样本,检测miR-145、HA及sTREM-1、hs-CRP水平。比较2组HA、sTREM-1、miR-145、hs-CRP水平,并比较研究组不同病情严重程度和纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级患者的HA、sTREM-1、miR-145、hs-CRP水平。观察各指标水平与病情严重程度、NYHA分级的关联性。结果 研究组HA、sTREM-1、hs-CRP水平高于对照组,miR-145水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同COPD病情严重程度患者的HA、sTREM-1、miR-145、hs-CRP水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着病情严重程度的加剧,HA、sTREM-1、hs-CRP水平持续增高,miR-145持续降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同NYHA分级患者的HA、sTREM-1、miR-145、hs-CRP水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着NYHA分级的增高,HA、sTREM-1、hs-CRP水平持续增高,miR-145持续降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HA、sTREM-1、hs-CRP与COPD病情严重程度、NYHA分级呈正相关,miR-145与COPD病情严重程度、NYHA分级呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 COPD合并CHD患者的HA、sTREM-1、miR-145、hs-CRP表达异常,且与COPD病情严重程度、NYHA分级密切相关。

咪唑斯汀和其他H_1受体阻断药治疗荨麻疹疗效比较

目的 :比较咪唑斯汀与西替利嗪、特非那定、氯雷他定治疗急性荨麻疹的临床疗效。方法 :急性荨麻疹患者 13 8例随机分为 4组 ,第 1组 3 7例 ,给予咪唑斯汀 10mg ,po ,qd ;第 2组 3 2例 ,给予西替利嗪 10mg ,po ,qd ;第 3组 3 5例给予特非那定 60mg ,po ,bid ;第 4组 3 4例给予氯雷他定 10mg ,po ,qd。在服药前和服药后的第 1,3 ,6,2 4小时对患者瘙痒程度、风团大小及数量进行评分 ,依此评价疗效。结果 :咪唑斯汀组 1h起效 ,明显快于其他三组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;3 ,6h疗效与西替利嗪 ,特非那定相当 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,优于氯雷他定 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;2 4h维持效果与特非那定 ,氯雷他定相当 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,优于西替利嗪 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :咪唑斯汀治疗急性荨麻疹起效快 ,维持时间长 。

H_1受体基因敲除模型鼠的评价及其疼痛感受性低下的探讨

目的 :通过对H1受体基因敲除模型鼠 [(- / - ) (HIKO) ]进行的评价性研究 ,更进一步探索组胺H1受体的生理意义。方法 :对 (- / - )鼠及野生型鼠 (+ / + )进行了 3项评价性实验 :即PCR检测、标记配体 [3H]Pyrilamine的H1受体结合实验及福尔马林疼痛感觉试验 ,并进行了小鼠脑各部位单胺含量的测定。结果 :PCR检测的结果是变异基因为 90 0bp、野生型鼠 (+ / + )基因为12 0 0bp。受体结合实验 (+ / + )鼠与 (- / - )鼠比较其具结合能有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。福尔马林试验两者比较 ,第二时相 (- / - )鼠的舔、咬注射部位的行为的减少与 (+ / + )鼠比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。用高效液相色谱分析仪测定的脑中单胺含量的结果显示 :(- / - )鼠与 (+ / + )鼠比较 ,(- / - )鼠的 5 HT的代谢回转率 (5 HIAA/ 5 HT)在丘脑、大脑皮质、海马、脑干部都有显著地增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :从 (- / - )鼠首次观察到的疼痛感受性低下及 5