Role of P2X_7 receptors in the development of diabetic retinopathy

The P2X7 receptor is one of the members of the family of purinoceptors which are ligand-gated membrane ion channels activated by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate. A unique feature of the P2X7 receptor is that its activation can result in the formation of large plasma membrane pores that allow not only the flux of ions but also of hydrophilic molecules of up to 900 Da. Recent studies indicate that P2X7-mediated signaling can trigger apoptotic cell death after ischemia and during the course of certain neurodegenerative disorders. Expression of the P2X7 receptor has been demonstrated in most types of cells in the retina. This purinoceptor mediates the contraction of pericytes and regulates the spatial and temporal dynamics of the vasomotor response through cell-to-cell electrotonic transmission within the microvascular networks. Of potential clinical significance, investigators have found that diabetes markedly boosts the vulnerability of retinal microvessels to the lethal effect of P2X7 receptor activation. This purinergic vasotoxicity may result in reduced retinal blood flow and disrupted vascular function in the diabetic retina. With recent reports indicating an association between P2X7 receptor activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in the retina, this receptor may also exacerbate the development of diabetic retinopathy by a mechanism involving inflammation.

Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and its relation with antiHBc

AIM： To investigate the relationship between serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor （sIL-2R） level and anti-HBc in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection. METHODS： Sera from 100 patients with chronic HBV infection and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were divided into group A [HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （＋）, n = 50] and group B [HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （-）, n = 50]. sIL-2R levels were determined using ELISA. HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） were also detected. RESULTS： Serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic HBV infection than in healthy controls. Moreover, serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and antiHBc （＋） （976.56±213.51×10^3 U/L） than in patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （-） （393.41±189.54 ×10^3 U/L, P〈 0.01）. A significant relationship was found between serum sIL-2R and ALT levels （P〈 0.01） in patients with chronic HBV infection, but there was no correlation between sIL-2R and HBV DNA levels. The anti-HBc status was significantly related to the age of patients （P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The high sIL-2R level is related to positive anti-HBc in chronic hepatitis B patients. Positive anti-HBc may be related to T-lymphocyte activation and negative anti-HBc may imply immune tolerance in these patients.

Changes in soluble interleukin-2 receptor level in serum and Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activity in semen of infertile men caused by antisperm antibody

Aim: To explore the possible mechanisms of male infertility caused by antisperm antibody (AsAb). Methods: Thesoluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level in serum was analyzed by ELISA and Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activi-ty in semen by phosphorus (Pi) assay. Results: The slL-2R level in serum was significantly higher and the Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activity in semen significantly lower in AsAb positive infertile men when compared with thecontrols. Conclusion: The AsAb titer varies with the slL-2R level in serum. A decrease in Na^+ -K^+ -exchangingATPase activity in semen may play a role in male infertility caused by AsAb.

Fluence of Glucosidorum Tripterygii Totorum on joint and serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Objective The current study was designed to find out the effect of Glucosidorum Tripterygii Totorum (GTT) on the serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Method 29 patients with active AS were selected to take GTT (1mg per kg) three times a day for one year. After that, its curative effect was evaluated. The serum level of sIL-2R of these patients was measured by sandwich ELISA method and was compared with that of normal subjects. Result The serum level of sIL-2R in active AS patients was obviously higher than that of the non-active AS patients. (P<0.01). The total effective rate of GTT on AS was 89.6%, while clinical relief rate 27.6%, obvious effective rate 44.8%, effective rate 17.2% and non-effective rate 10.4%. The patients’ serum level of sIL-2R after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy except patients with no effect. (P<0.05). Conclusion GTT has positive curative effect on active AS patients and could cause obvious decrease of the serum level of sIL-2R. The serum level of sIL-2R can be used as an important index of activity of AS and as a guide of therapy.

Study of the Effect of Leeching on Plasma Endothelin and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective: to explore the mechanism of leeching in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Forty-four patients with SLE were randomly divided into conventional corticosteroid treated group (control group, n =20) and conventional treatment group with leeching intervention added (leeching group, n =24). Before and after treatment the concentration of plasma endothelin (ET) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were determined. Results: Before treatment the level of plasma ET and sIL-2R in the SLE patients were all higher than those in the normal healthy group, ( P <0.01). But after treatment the level of these in both groups were significantly improved than those of before treatment ( P <0.05), and comparison between these two treated groups showed that the difference between them was significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Leeching added to conventional treatment of SLE could be more effective in improving the level of plasma ET and sIL-2R, and ameliorating the impairment of renal tissues.

Elevated pancreatic enzymes, IgM, soluble interleukin-2 receptor in anti-GADab(+) type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes can be classified into immune-mediated diabetes (type 1A) and idiopathic diabetes, which lacks immunological evidence for beta cell autoimmunity (type 1B). Type 1A diabetes is characterized by the presence of the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GADab). Fulminant type 1 diabetes is classified as type 1B diabetes, and characterized by the absence of anti-GADab, flu-like symptoms, and elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes. We report a type 1 diabetic patient who showed flu-like symptoms, elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes, and an extremely high-titer of anti-GADab, manifesting the characteristics of both type 1A and fulminant type 1 diabetes.

Effects of Aprotinin on Serum Interleukin-2 and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor during Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Interleukin-2 and its receptor are of importance in regulating immunity responses. The changes of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) during heart valve (s) replacement operation and effects of aprotinin on them were observed. Twenty patients undergoing heart valve (s) replacement were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=10) and apro- tinin group (n=10). In aprotinin group, 1 000 000 KIU aprotinin was given by vein injection and then 2 000 000 KIU was given as a bolus in prime. Blood samples were collected before CPB, right after CPB and on the 1st, 3rd and 7th postoperative day (POD) for serum IL-2 and sIL-2R determination. Results showed that after CPB, IL-2 was reduced and slL-2R increased. Meanwhile, serum IL-2R was lower in aprotinin group than that of control. It is concluded that the immunity depression after CPB is associated with low level of IL-2 and high level of sIL-2R and aprotinin can ameliorate the situation.

Expression of estrogen receptor alpha,nerve growth factor,interleukin-2,and androgen receptor in the cerebellum of ovariectomized rats following soybean isoflavone treatment

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that estrogen receptor alpha （ERα）, nerve growth factor （NGF）, interleukin-2 （IL-2）, and androgen receptor （AR） expression in the cerebellum decreases when estrogen levels decrease in vivo. Soybean isoflavone, a type of non-steroid estrogen with similar molecular structure and function to estradiol, exhibits estrogen-like characteristics. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of various doses of soybean isoflavone on expression of ERa, NGF, IL-2, and AR in the cerebellum of ovariectomized rat, and to determine whether there is a dose-dependent effect.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Controlled trial at the cellular and molecular level. The study was performed at the Experimental Animal Engineering Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University from July 2006 to May 2008. MATERIALS： Soybean isoflavone, comprised of daidzin, genistein and isoflavone, was provided by Taiyuan Yuantai Biochemical Industry, China. The ERα, NGF, IL-2, and AR in situ hybridization kit, rabbit anti-rat ERa, NGF, IL-2, and AR monoclonal antibodies, and SABC kit were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, China. METHODS： A total of 50 female, Sprague Dawley rats, aged 3 months, were randomly assigned to 5 groups, with 10 animals in each group. With the exception of the sham-operation group （abdominal cavity opening alone）, all rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy. At 14 days after surgery, rats in the high-, middle-, and low-dose soybean isoflavone groups were subcutaneously injected with 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mg/kg soybean isoflavone, respectively, every 2 days for 6 consecutive weeks. Rats in the sham-operation and ovariectomized groups were subcutaneously injected with absolute alcohol （0.5 mL/kg）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression levels and distribution of ERα, NGF, IL-2, and AR in the cerebellum were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS： Compared with the sham-operation group, immunoreactive products and hybridization signals of ERa, NGF, IL-2, and AR were significantly decreased in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei of ovariectomized rats （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）, but increased following soybean isoflavone treatment. In particular, levels of the high-dose soybean isoflavone group were almost restored to levels of the sham-operation group （P 〉 0.05）. The immunoreactive products were primarily located in the cytoplasm and neurites, and rarely in the cell membrane and nuclei. However, the hybridization signals were predominantly located in the nuclei, but rarely in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or neurites. CONCLUSION： Soybean isoflavone upregulated ERα, NGF, IL-2, and AR protein and gene expression in a dose-dependent manner, and played an important role in sustaining and protecting structure and function of cerebellar neurons. Moreover, the similarity of expression patterns of these molecules indicated that they were mutually interactive during the regulation of soybean isoflavone to the cerebellum.

INTERLEUKIN-2 (IL-2) PRODUCTION AND INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH APLASTIC ANEMIA

IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor (Tac antigen) of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 30 patients with aplastic anemic (AA) were studied. We found that mononuclear cells from patients produce spontaneously IL-2 in the absence of exogenous lee-tin stimulation, the proportion of Tac+ cells in mononuclear cells increased. The release of IL-2 and or Tac antigen expression were elevated in almost every patient with AA. The plasma from patients stimulate mitogen-induced blastogenesis and Tac antigen expression of normal human lymphocytes. Immunological 1 abnormalities of patients with AA possibly might represents secondary response to bone marrow depression.

Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor-Alpha (sIL-2Rα) in the Peripheral Blood of Dogs—Comparison of Malignant Neoplasia with Other Diseases

Background: Cytokines are mediators of diseases. Expression levels in the blood could be of clinical relevance. Objective: sIL-2Rα is used as a marker for different malignancies in human medicine. The aim of this study was to show if sIL-2Rα is detectable and if there is any correlation to different diseases in dogs. Methods: For this purposes sIL-2Rα concentrations in the blood were measured in healthy dogs, in dogs with different non-neoplastic diseases and benign tumors and in dogs with malignant tumors. Serum levels of sIL-2Rα were measured by using a human specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Measurement of sIL-2Rα was successful in most of the samples. Dogs with diseases have significantly increased serum levels of sIL-2Rα compared to healthy controls. sIL-2Rα serum levels are higher in patients with non-neoplastic diseases and benign tumors than in those with malignant neoplasia. There is a strong correlation between sIL-2Rα and leukocyte count. Conclusion: Measurements of sIL-2Rα in serum may be helpful in detecting stages and grades of inflammation in the progression of disease. sIL-2Rα could actually not be used as an indicator for malignant diseases in dogs like in humans. The strong correlation between sIL-2Rα and the leukocyte count indicates the inflammatory response to the disease. This could be helpful in giving a prognosis in some cases, because the inflammatory reaction is of prognostic relevance in different diseases including malignant and non-malignant neoplasia. Although the results of our research studies were very promising, further studies should be performed with a canine ELISA.

CHANGES ON RECEPTOR EXPRESSIONAND PRODUCTION OF INTERLEUKIN-2 IN CIRCULATING LYMPHOCYTE POPULATION AFTER OPEN HEART SURGERY

To evaluate the change of perioperative cell mediated immunity after cardiac operation with cardiopul-monary bypass (CPB), so as to provide some information for timely prevention and treatment against post-operative immunological disorder, 40 patients were studied. By searching for the effects of CPB and anes-thesia, interleukln-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression upon the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC), as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in vitro was traced 55 min after anesthesia, at end ofCPB, on postoperative 1, 7, and 14 day versus preanesthesia control. Our data demonstrated that expres-sion of IL-2R on PBMC was significantly suppressed in all comparing with the baseline value, meanwhile,IL-2 production in vitro also statistically dropped. However,no statistical difference was found on perioper-ative IL 2R expression and IL-2 synthesis in the cholecystectomy group. We conclude that postoperativeimmunological disorder seems to be the main factor, which could be denoted as reduced IL 2R expressionon PBMC and lL-2 synthesis in vitro for sepsis, even multiple system organ failure developed after cardiacsurgery.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: Role of interleukin-6 and the inflammatory cascade

Since December 2019,a novel coronavirus that represents a serious threat to human lives has emerged.There is still no definite treatment for severe cases of the disease caused by this virus,named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).One of the most considered treatment strategies targets the exaggerated immune regulator,and interleukin(IL)-6 is a crucial pro-inflammatory mediator.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2)cases show an elevated level of IL-6 related to disease severity.IL-6 activity can be inhibited by the following:IL-6 itself,IL-6 signaling pathways such as Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK-STAT),gp130,IL-6R,and downstream activated ILs,such as IL-17 and IL-6 cytokine.Currently,according to these studies and their results,IL-6 blockade with anti-IL-6 or its receptor antibodies such as tocilizumab in COVID-19 is beneficial in severe cases and may reduce the mortality rate.JAK-STAT inhibitors block the cytokine storm by inhibiting several crucial pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-αand IL-6 and have shown various results in clinical trials.IL-6 induces IL-17 secretion,and IL-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes.Clinical trials of anti-IL-17 drugs are currently recruiting,and anti-gp130 antibody is preclinical.However,this agent has shown positive effects in inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials and could be tested for SARS-CoV-2.This study aimed to review the role of IL-6 in the cytokine storm and studies regarding IL-6 and blockade of its inflammatory pathways in COVID-19 to determine if any of these agents are beneficial for COVID-19 patients.

STUDY OF T－LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS AND INTERLEUKIN－2 AND INTERLEUKIN－2 RECEPTOR OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS PNEUMONIA

T-Lymphocyte subsets and humoral immune and the activity of IL-2 and IL-2R in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia in 26 cases were tested. The result showed in the patients with RSV pneumonia the averages of T3 and T4 were 37.56±1.46% and 27. 15±8. 02% respectively,They were significantly lower than 53.4 ±9.2% and 35.5±7.7% of averages of T3 and T4 in healthy controlled group (both. P< 0. 001 ), the average of T3 was 22. 73±7.06%, it was lower an 26. 7±6. 3 % of T8 in controlled group (P<0. 02 );the ratio of T4/T8 was 1. 245±0. 399 ,there was no significant difference from 1. 35 ±0. 17 of the ratio in controlled group (P > 0. 1). The mean value of IgG was 1. 177± 0. 3685g/L, it was significantly lower than 1. 427± 0. 498g/L of that in controlled group(P < 0. 005). The mean values of IgA and IgM were 0. 1136±0.0393g/L and 0. 768±0. 353g/L respectively, they were significantly lower than 0. 2706 ±0. 876g/L and 0. 122±0. 061g/L of IgA and IgM in controlled group. The activity of IL-2 and IL-2R were 17. 46 ±5. 79%, and 28. 32 ±5. 924% respectively, they were significantly lower than 30. 22 ±14. 55% and 39. 53±8. 61 % of those in healthy group (both P < 0. 001). The severe the pneuumonia, the greater the lowering of IL-2 and IL-2R. These about results suggested that RSV could greatly suppress the immune function of the patients, inducing secondary immunodeficiency, leading to repeated breather and asthma.

甲基莲心碱通过调节CCL2-CCR2信号通路对缺血性脑卒中大鼠血脑屏障的影响

目的:探究甲基莲心碱(NEF)调节CC趋化因子配体2(CCL2)-趋化因子受体2(CCR2)信号通路对缺血性脑卒中(IS)大鼠血脑屏障的影响。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组(Model组)、低剂量NEF组(NEF-L组,25 mg/kg NEF)、高剂量NEF组(NEF-H组,50mg/kgNEF)和高剂量NEF+CCR2拮抗剂组(NEF-H+RS102895组,50mg/kgNEF+10mg/kg RS102895)和假手术组(Sham组),每组15只。比较各组大鼠神经功能评分。伊文思蓝(EB)渗透法评价各组大鼠血脑屏障通透性。采用干湿重法测定各组大鼠脑组织含水量。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)测定大鼠脑组织CCL2、CCR2 mRNA表达。Western blot检测大鼠脑组织CCL2、CCR2、ZO-1、Claudin-5蛋白表达。结果:与Sham组相比,Model组大鼠神经功能评分、右脑组织EB含量、含水量、脑组织CCL2、CCR2 mRNA和蛋白表达显著增加(P<0.05),ZO-1、Claudin-5水平显著降低(P<0.05)。相较于Model组,NEF-H组神经功能评分、脑含水量、EB含量、CCL2、CCR2 mRNA和蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05),ZO-1、Claudin-5表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。RS102895增强了NEF对IS大鼠血脑屏障的保护作用。结论:NEF可能通过抑制CCL2-CCR2信号通路对IS大鼠血脑屏障起保护作用。

DETECTION OF PLASMA SOLUBLE INTERLEUKIN－2 RECEPTOR IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AND CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS B

Plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) or severe hepatitis B (SHB) were measured quantitatively by 'sandwich' ELISA with monoclonal antibodies in order to explore the change of sIL-2R levels, its clinical significance,and its relation to liver damage. The results showed that the plasma sIL-2R levels in patients with CAHB and SHB were much higher than those in normal controls (P < 0. 01 ), and the level ofplasma sIL-2R in patients with SHB was greatly higher than that in patients with CAHB. These results suggest that there is close relation between plasma level of sIL-2R, the clinical types of hepatitis B,and the severity of liver damage. In addition, there is no significant difference in plasma levels of sIL-2R between acute severe hepatitis B (ASHB), subacute severe hepatitis B (SASHB), and chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB). No relation was found between sIL-2R level and hepatitis B virusreplication activity.

超声收缩期峰值血流速度、阻力指数与乳腺癌组织中Survivin、基质金属蛋白酶-11、人类表皮生长因子受体2关系研究

目的:探讨超声收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)与乳腺癌组织中Survivin、基质金属蛋白酶-11(MMP-11)、人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)的关系。方法:选取60例乳腺癌患者作为观察组,另选择同期60例乳腺良性病变患者作为对照组。均行手术治疗,术前经超声检测,比较两组患者术前RI值、PSV值,免疫组化法检测术后癌组织中Survivin、MMP-11、HER2的表达,分析Survivin、MMP-11、HER2表达与超声RI、PSV值的关系。结果:观察组RI、PSV值高于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组癌组织中Survivin、MMP-11、HER2表达阳性率高于对照组(均P<0.05)。不同病灶直径、临床分期患者RI、PSV值,不同病灶直径、临床分期及是否淋巴结转移患者癌组织中Survivin、MMP-11、HER2表达比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。癌组织中Survivin、MMP-11、HER2表达与PSV、RI值呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论:超声检测RI、PSV值对术前判断乳腺癌有一定价值,RI、PSV值与乳腺癌癌组织Survivin、MMP-11、HER2表达均相关,Survivin、MMP-11、HER2在乳腺癌的发生、发展过程中发挥重要作用。

P2X7 receptor activation causes phosphatidylserine exposure in canine erythrocytes

AIM To determine if activation of the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor channel induces phosphatidylserine(PS) exposure in erythrocytes from multiple dog breeds.METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 25 dogs representing 13 pedigrees and seven crossbreeds. ATP-induced PS exposure on canine erythrocytes in vitro was assessed using a flow cytometric Annexin V binding assay.RESULTS ATP induced PS exposure in erythrocytes from all dogs studied. ATP caused PS exposure in a concentrationdependent manner with an EC50 value of 395 μmol/L. The non-P2X7 agonists, ADP or AMP, did not cause PS exposure. The P2X7 antagonist, AZ10606120, but not the P2X1 antagonist, NF449, blocked ATP-induced PS exposure.CONCLUSION The results indicate that ATP induces PS exposure in erythrocytes from various dog breeds and that this process is mediated by P2X7 activation.

精神分裂症患者治疗前后的Tie-2、VEGF、PRL变化及其临床意义

目的探讨精神分裂症患者治疗前后血管生成素受体酪氨酸激酶2(Tie-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、泌乳素(PRL)的变化及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析2021年7月至2023年9月河南省荣康医院收治的91例精神分裂症患者的临床资料,根据治疗应答情况分为有效组77例和无效组14例。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗2周和4周后的Tie-2、VEGF、PRL水平。应用皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析Tie-2、VEGF、PRL与帕利哌酮血药浓度的相关性及其与治疗应答的相关性,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价Tie-2、VEGF及两者联合预测精神分裂症患者治疗后疗效为有效的价值,采用精准-召回曲线评价ROC分析的准确度。结果91例精神分裂症患者治疗后临床痊愈19例,显效48例,好转10例,无效14例,有效率为84.62%;帕利哌酮血药浓度第1~2周呈明显升高趋势,第2周达峰值,第2~4周处于较稳定水平;有效组患者治疗2周和4周后的Tie-2分别为(2153.42±157.83)pg/mL、(2279.88±135.25)pg/mL,明显高于无效组的(1782.19±208.54)pg/mL、(1788.15±223.48)pg/mL,VEGF分别为(422.39±41.65)pg/mL、(461.37±52.80)pg/mL,明显高于无效组的(310.55±24.78)pg/mL、(312.67±27.99)pg/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关性分析结果显示,PRL治疗2周和4周后的变化值与帕利哌酮血药浓度呈显著正相关(r=0.712、0.665,P<0.01);Tie-2和VEGF治疗2周和4周后的变化值与PANSS减分率呈显著正相关(r=0.769、0.752;0.778、0.758,P<0.01);经ROC分析结果显示,Tie-2联合VEGF预测治疗应答的ROC下面积(AUC)为0.899,大于Tie-2(0.769)、VEGF(0.707)(P<0.05);经精准-召回曲线分析结果显示,其AUC为0.901,意味着高精准率和高召回率,采用Tie-2联合VEGF预测治疗应答能为临床医生提供决策支持。结论精神分裂症患者治疗后Tie-2、VEGF变化与帕利哌酮治疗应答有关,联合检测两者可作为预测治疗应答一个方案,为临床医生提供决策支持,PRL变化则与帕利哌酮血药浓度有关,呈现出评估血药浓度和PRL相关不良反应风险的双重应用价值。

SGLT2抑制剂与GLP-1受体激动剂对2型糖尿病患者血糖指标的影响研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diadetes mellitus,T2DM)患者应用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2(sodium-glucose transporter 2,SGLT2)抑制剂与胰高血糖素样肽1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP1)受体激动剂的效果。方法选取2022年2月—2023年3月四平市中心人民医院收治的153例T2DM患者,按治疗方法不同分为对照1组(二甲双胍治疗)、对照2组(二甲双胍+SGLT2抑制剂治疗)与研究组(二甲双胍+SGLT2抑制剂+GLP-1受体激动剂治疗),各51例。比较3组血糖指标、胰岛功能和不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,3组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血糖蛋白指标均较治疗前降低,对照2组和研究组均较对照1组低,且研究组低于对照2组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后,3组空腹胰岛素水平下降,对照2组和研究组均较对照1组高,且研究组高于对照2组;而胰岛素抵抗指数降低,且对照2组和研究组均较对照1组低,且研究组低于对照2组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。3组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论SGLT2抑制剂与GLP-1受体激动剂在2型糖尿病中的应用效果好,有利于改善患者血糖指标和胰岛素功能,且不会增加不良反应,安全性高。

GLP-1受体激动剂与SGLT2抑制剂联合治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果与安全性评估

目的探讨胰高糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)受体激动剂与钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2,SGLT2)抑制剂联合治疗2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)的效果。方法选取2022年1月—2024年1月贵州省安顺市人民医院收治的60例T2DM患者为研究对象,按照治疗方法的不同分为两组,各30例。对照组采用二甲双胍、GLP-1受体激动剂治疗,观察组采用GLP-1受体激动剂、SGLT2抑制剂治疗。比较两组血糖指标、血脂指标及不良反应。结果治疗后,观察组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后,观察组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论GLP-1受体激动剂与SGLT2抑制剂联合治疗T2DM的效果较为理想,可控制患者血糖水平,改善患者血脂指标,且药物安全性较高。