Global trends of purinergic receptors and depression:A bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2023

BACKGROUND Depression significantly threatens human health.Purinergic receptors are reported to be associated with depression.However,there is no bibliometric research in this field have been published.AIM To provide some reference for the further research in the field of purinergic receptors and depression utilizing bibliometric analysis.METHODS Relevant researches were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database.The period of the search was from January 1,2003 to December 31,2023.The CiteSpace(6.2.R7)and VOSviewer(1.6.19)were applied to identify the main contributors of countries,authors,institutions,references and journals.Besides,we evaluate keywords to assess the hotspots and trends over the previous 2 decades.RESULTS Totally,247 articles were identified,showing an increasing trend over time.The most productive country,institution,and journal in this field are China,Harvard University,and Biological Psychiatry,respectively.Liang SD and Rodrigues,Ana Lucia S were the most prolific authors.Burnstock G ranked first among the cited authors.The cooperation among countries and disciplines is crucial.The P2X7 receptor provides promising prospects for treating depression and further studies are warranted to validate the scope and significance of depression therapeutic strategies.CONCLUSION This study provides an overview of the worldwide research status and future trends in purinergic receptors and depression.P2X7 receptor is considered an appropriate target for the treatment of depression,as well as neurological diseases.It is implied that based on purinergic system,the future prospects for interventions aimed at depression treatment are promising,showing the way for both augmentation strategies and new drug treatments in the context of the pharmacology of depression.

Molecular Cloning and cDNA Sequence Analysis of Two New Lepidopteran OR83b Orthologue Chemoreceptors

The aim of this study was to isolate the full-length cDNA sequences of an unusually highly conserved olfactory receptor （orthologue to the Drosophila melanogaster DOR83b） from the antennae of Spodoptera exigua and S. litura by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） methods. Bioinformatics methods were used to further analyze the cDNA sequences and putative amino acid sequences. The two full-length cDNA sequences from olfactory receptor （OR） of male S. exigua and S. litura were named as SexiOR2 and SlitOR2, respectively. SexiOR2 and SlitOR2 consisted of nucleotide sequence of 1 906 and 2 483 bp, respectively, and both with deduced amino acid sequences of 473 residues. The sequence analysis indicated that the deduced amino acid sequences of the cDNA shared the high homologies with OR83b orthologue chemoreceptor sequences from previously reported moths, implying that the cDNA sequences were of OR83b orthologue chemoreceptor genes.

Association of Serotonin Receptors with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder： A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood, with a high heritability about 60% to 90%. Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Numerous studies have reported the association between the serotonin receptor family （5-HTR） gene polymorphisms and ADHD, but the results are still controversial. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of the association between 5-HTRIB, 5-HTR2A, and 5-HTR2C genetic variants and ADHD. The results showed that the 861G allele of 5-HTRIB SNP rs6296 could significantly increase the risk of ADHD （OR= 1.09, 95% CI： 1.01-1.18）; the 5-HTR2C gene rs518147 （OR=1.69, 95% CI： 1.38-2.07） and rs3813929 （OR = 1.57, 95% CI： 1.25-1.97） were all associated with the risk of ADHD. In addition, we also carried on a case- control study to explore the relevance between potential candidate genes 5-HTR1A, 5-HTRIE, 5-HTR3A and ADHD. The results indicated that 5-HTRIA rs6295 genotype （CC＋CG vs. GG OR=Z00, 95% CI： 1.23-3.27） and allele （OR=1.77, 95% CI： 1.16-2.72） models were statistically significantly different between case group and control group. This study is the first comprehensive exploration and summary of the association between serotonin receptor family genetic variations and ADHD, and it also provides more evidence for the etiology of ADHD.

Expression profiles and functional prediction of ionotropic receptors in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)

Genes involved in chemosensation are essential for odorant-mediated insect behaviors. Odorant receptors(ORs) bind and respond to pheromones and plant volatiles, regulating insect behaviors such as mating and host-plant selection, while ionotropic receptors(IRs), which are present at lower levels in insects than ORs, influence ion channels, especially in agricultural pests. Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, is the main pest of maize that causes huge economic losses in Asia. Twenty-one Ofur IRs have been identified, but none has been characterized. In this study, tissue-specific expression profiling, phylogenetic analysis, and electroantennography(EAG) analysis were applied to characterize the evolution, expression, and the potential function of Ofur IRs. It was found that 20 Ofur IRs were highly expressed in the antennae, except for Ofur IR75p3, whereas 10 and nine Ofur IRs were highly expressed in the proboscis and genitalia, respectively, indicating that these Ofur IRs were functionally associated with feeding and oviposition. EAG results showed that seven acids elicited responses in the antennae of O. furnacalis and that 2-oxopentanoic acid displayed a significant femalebiased response. Combined with the phylogenetic analysis, 10 Ofur IRs in clade 4 were roughly predicted to be candidate receptors for 2-oxopentanoic acid and other tested acids. These results provide basic information about Ofur IRs and may help advance the knolwedge on the olfactory system of O. furnacalis.

Effects of Location,Size and Number of Wind Turbine Receptors on Blade Lightning Protection

Electric and magnetic fields generated by lightning cause a serious hazard to various systems.Now wind turbine installations with higher power capacity are increasing.Higher power capacity requires higher height and so there is more probability of lightning strike.Blades are the most probable components to be struck by lightning.The most common lightning protection system for the blades consists of several metallic receptors on the blade surface.Those are connected to the ground by metallic down-conductors placed inside the blade shell.This paper studies effects of the receptor configurations on protecting the blade against lightning strike.For this purpose,an analysis procedure based on finite element method(FEM)in COMSOL Multiphysics software environment is used.The voltage distribution around the blade is simulated for various configurations of receptors.The best configuration is presented.Simulations are performed on the blade model of a special wind turbine,which isVESTAS V47".

In vitro expression and analysis of the 826 human G protein-coupled receptors

G protein-coupled receptors （GPCRs） are involved in all human physiological systems where they are responsible for transducing extracellular signals into cells. GPCRs signal in response to a diverse array of stimuli including light, hormones, and lipids, where these signals affect downstream cascades to impact both health and disease states. Yet, despite their importance as therapeutic tar- gets, detailed molecular structures of only 30 GPCRs have been determined to date. A key challenge to their structure determination is adequate protein expression. Here we report the quantification of protein expression in an insect cell expression system for all 826 human GPCRs using two different fusion constructs. Expression char- acteristics are analyzed in aggregate and among each of the five distinct subfamilies. These data can be used to identify trends related to GPCR expression between dif- ferent fusion constructs and between different GPCR families, and to prioritize lead candidates for future structure determination feasibility.

LABELING AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SIX LECTIN RECEPTORS OF INTRACRANIAL GLIOMAS

The distribution of six lectin receptors, WGA, RCA-1, LCA, PSA, PNA and SBA in 111 human gliomas, 8 human normal brain tissues and 11 reactive hyperplasia of astrocytes was observed by means of avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Their grays were also quantified with the image analysis instrument. The results showed that WGA and RCA-1 might be used as markers for distinguishing well-ifferentiated astrocytomas from the reactive hyperplasia of astrocytes especially the reactivity of astrocytes had a specific feature with RCA-1. The difference in quantities of WGA, RCA-1, LCA, PSA receptors between astrocytomas, ependymomas and oligodendrogliomas, medulloblastomas might conduce to the diagnosis and classification. For astrocytomas, it was also showed that a quantity of LCA and PSA receptors was correlated with the degree of cell differentiation. Therefore, they can be used as valuable markers of the differentiation of astrocytomas.

Data-driven analysis of chemicals,proteins and pathways associated with peanut allergy:from molecular networking to biological interpretation

Peanut allergy is majorly related to severe food induced allergic reactions.Several food including cow's milk,hen's eggs,soy,wheat,peanuts,tree nuts(walnuts,hazelnuts,almonds,cashews,pecans and pistachios),fish and shellfish are responsible for more than 90%of food allergies.Here,we provide promising insights using a large-scale data-driven analysis,comparing the mechanistic feature and biological relevance of different ingredients presents in peanuts,tree nuts(walnuts,almonds,cashews,pecans and pistachios)and soybean.Additionally,we have analysed the chemical compositions of peanuts in different processed form raw,boiled and dry-roasted.Using the data-driven approach we are able to generate new hypotheses to explain why nuclear receptors like the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs)and its isoform and their interaction with dietary lipids may have significant effect on allergic response.The results obtained from this study will direct future experimeantal and clinical studies to understand the role of dietary lipids and PPARisoforms to exert pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions on cells of the innate immunity and influence antigen presentation to the cells of the adaptive immunity.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis on cDNA of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene from Wuzhishan Miniature Pig

[Objective] cDNA of growth hormone releasing hormone （GHRH） receptor gene from Wuzhishan miniature pig was cloned and its sequence was also analyzed. [Method] Using genomic DNA extracted from porcine ear tissues of Wuzhishan miniature pig as the template, three pairs of primers were designed by the reported cDNA sequence of porcine GHRH, and cDNA was also amplified by RT-PCR. After being recovered and purified, PCR products were ligated to pMD18-T and then transformed into Escherichia coli DH5a. The transformation products were analyzed by PCR and double enzyme digestion to screen positive clones, and the positive clones were sequenced after identification in LB liquid medium. [ Result] cDNA of Wuzhishan miniature pig GHRH receptor gene was obtained successfully, and its length was 1 577 bp coding 423 amino acids. BLAST analysis showed that there were only 23 nuoleotides in difference between this fragment and pomine GHRH receptor gene, and its homology was 98%. However, both GHRH receptor genes were constituted by 423 amino acids with the sequence homology of 96%. [ Conclusion] This study provides theoretical basis for further studies on the dwarf mechanism of Wuzhishan miniature pig.

Data driven analysis reveals prognostic genes and immunological targets in human sepsis-associated acute kidney injury

BACKGROUND:The molecular mechanism of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI)is unclear.We analyzed co-differentially expressed genes(co-DEGs)to elucidate the underlying mechanism and intervention targets of SA-AKI.METHODS:The microarray datasets GSE65682,GSE30718,and GSE174220 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.We identified the co-DEGs and constructed a gene co-expression network to screen the hub genes.We analyzed immune correlations and disease correlations and performed functional annotation of the hub genes.We also performed single-cell and microenvironment analyses and investigated the enrichment pathways and the main transcription factors.Finally,we conducted a correlation analysis to evaluate the role of the hub genes.RESULTS:Interleukin 32(IL32)was identified as the hub gene in SA-AKI,and the main enriched signaling pathways were associated with hemopoiesis,cellular response to cytokine stimulus,inflammatory response,and regulation of kidney development.Additionally,IL32 was significantly associated with mortality in SA-AKI patients.Monocytes,macrophages,T cells,and NK cells were closely related to IL32 and were involved in the immune microenvironment in SA-AKI patients.IL32 expression increased significantly in the kidney of septic mouse.Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)was significantly and negatively correlated with IL32.CONCLUSION:IL32 is the key gene involved in SA-AKI and is significantly associated with prognosis.TLR2 and relevant immune cells are closely related to key genes.

Proton pump inhibitors therapy vs H_2 receptor antagonists therapy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding after endoscopy: A meta-analysis

AIM: To compare the therapeutic effects of proton pump inhibitors vs H2 receptor antagonists for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients after successful endoscopy.METHODS: We searched the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Pub Med for randomized controlled trials until July 2014 for this study. The risk of bias was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and all of the studies had acceptable quality. The main outcomes included mortality, re-bleeding, received surgery rate, blood transfusion units and hospital stay time. These outcomes were estimated using odds ratios(OR) and mean difference with 95% confidence interval(CI). Rev Man 5.3.3 software and Stata 12.0 software were used for data analyses. RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled trials involving 1283 patients were included in this review; 678 subjects were in the proton pump inhibitors(PPI) group and the remaining 605 subjects were in the H2 receptor antagonists(H2RA) group. The meta-analysis results revealed that after successful endoscopic therapy, compared with H2 RA, PPI therapy had statistically significantly decreased the recurrent bleeding rate(OR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.25-0.51) and receiving surgery rate(OR = 0.29; 95%CI: 0.09-0.96). There were no statistically significant differences in mortality(OR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.17-1.23). However, significant heterogeneity was present in both the numbers of patients requiring blood transfusion after treatment [weighted mean difference(WMD),-0.70 unit; 95%CI:-1.64- 0.25] and the time that patients remained hospitalized [WMD,-0.77 d; 95%CI:-1.87- 0.34]. The Begg's test(P = 0.283) and Egger's test(P = 0.339) demonstrated that there was no publication bias in our meta-analysis.CONCLUSION: In patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy, compared with H2 RA, PPI may be a more effective therapy.

Hyperkalemia of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Hemodialysis: A Meta-analysis

The safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in hemodialysis (HD) patients was evaluated.Medline,Embase,the Cochrane Library,some databases of clinical trial registries,grey literatures,other reference lists of eligible articles and review articles for the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on comparison of ACEIs/ARBs or placebo in HD patients were retrieved.RCTs reporting the risk of hyperkalemia by using ACEIs/ARBs in HD patients were selected.Eight articles met the eligibility criteria and were subjected to meta-analysis by using the Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.2 software package.The results showed that there was no significant difference in hyperkalemia in HD patients between ACEIs or ARBs group and control group (ACEIs vs.control:RD=0.03,95% CI=-0.13?0.18,Z=0.34,P=0.73;ARBs vs.control:RD=-0.02,95% CI=-0.07?0.03,Z=0.75,P=0.45).However,there was no significant difference in the serum potassium between ACEIs or ARBs group and control group in HD patients (ACEIs vs.control:WMD=0.10,95% CI=0.06?0.15,Z=4.64,P<0.00001;ARBs vs.control:WMD=-0.24,95% CI=-0.37--0.11,Z=3.58,P=0.0003).The use of ACEIs or ARBs could not cause an increased risk of hyperkalemia in HD patients,however the serum potassium could be increased with use of ACEIs in HD patients.Therefore the serum potassium concentration should still be closely monitored when ACEIs are taken during the maintenance HD.

Analysis of long noncoding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-mediated protection inβcells

BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)and mRNAs are widely involved in various physiological and pathological processes.The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)is a novel therapeutic strategy that could promote insulin secretion and decrease the rate ofβ-cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.However,the specific lncRNAs and mRNAs and their functions in these processes have not been fully identified and elucidated.AIM To identify the lncRNAs and mRNAs that are involved in the protective effect of GLP-1RA inβcells,and their roles.METHODS Rat gene microarray was used to screen differentially expressed(DE)lncRNAs and mRNAs inβcells treated with geniposide,a GLP-1RA.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were performed to assess the underlying functions of DE mRNAs.Hub mRNAs were filtered using the STRING database and the Cytoscape plugin,CytoHubba.In order to reveal the regulatory relationship between lncRNAs and hub mRNAs,their co-expression network was constructed based on the Pearson coefficient of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs,and competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)mechanism was explored through miRanda and TargetScan databases.RESULTS We identified 308 DE lncRNAs and 128 DE mRNAs with a fold change filter of≥1.5 and P value<0.05.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the most enriched terms were G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway,inflammatory response,calcium signaling pathway,positive regulation of cell proliferation,and ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.Pomc,Htr2a,and Agtr1a were screened as hub mRNAs using the STRING database and the Cytoscape plugin,CytoHubba.This result was further verified using SwissTargetPrediction tool.Through the co-expression network and competing endogenous(ceRNA)mechanism,we identified seven lncRNAs(NONRATT027738,NONRATT027888,NONRATT030038,etc.)co-expressed with the three hub mRNAs(Pomc,Htr2a,and Agtr1a)based on the Pearson coefficient of the expression levels.These lncRNAs regulated hub mRNA functions by competing with six miRNAs(rno-miR-5132-3p,rno-miR-344g,rno-miR-3075,etc.)via the ceRNA mechanism.Further analysis indicated that lncRNA NONRATT027738 interacts with all the three hub mRNAs,suggesting that it is at a core position within the ceRNA network.CONCLUSION We have identified key lncRNAs and mRNAs,and highlighted here how they interact through the ceRNA mechanism to mediate the protective effect of GLP-1RA inβcells.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ 34C>G polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: A meta-analysis

AIM: To investigate the association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ ) gene polymorphism 34 C>G and colorectal cancer (CRC),a meta-analysis review was performed in this report.METHODS: A systematic literature search and selection of eligible relevant studies were carried out.Nine independent studies with a total number of 4533 cases and 6483 controls were included in the meta-analysis on the association between polymorphism 34 C>G and CRC.RESULTS: There was no evidence for the association between PPAR-γ 34 C>G and CRC if all of the subjects in the nine studies were included.However,CG + GG showed a marginally significant difference from CC (OR = 0.84,95% CI: 0.69-1.01,P = 0.07) in random-effect model.Stratified meta-analysis indicated that PPAR-γ 34 C>G was associated with colon cancer (OR = 0.8,95% CI: 0.65-0.99,P = 0.04) in random-effect model,and the G allele decreased colon cancer risk.No significant association was observed between PPAR-γ 34 C>G and rectal cancer.CONCLUSION: PPAR-γ 34 C>G is associated with colon cancer risk,but not associated with CRC and rectal cancer risk.

Abscisic acid receptors maintain abscisic acid homeostasis by modulating UGT71C5 glycosylation activity

Uridine diphosphate-glucosyltransferases(UGTs)maintain abscisic acid(ABA)homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana by converting ABA to abscisic acid-glucose ester(ABA-GE).UGT71C5 plays an important role in the generation of ABA-GE.Abscisic acid receptors are crucial upstream components of the ABA signaling pathway,but how UGTs and ABA receptors function together to modulate ABA levels is unknown.Here,we demonstrated that the ABA receptors RCAR12/13 and UGT71 C5 maintain ABA homeostasis in Arabidopsis following rehydration under drought stress.Biochemical analyses show that UGT71C5 directly interacted with RCAR8/12/13 in yeast cells,and the interactions between UGT-71C5 and RCAR12/13 were enhanced by ABA treatment.Enzyme activity analysis showed that ABA-GE contents were significantly elevated in the presence of RCAR12 or RCAR13,suggesting that these ABA receptors enhance the activity of UGT71C5.Determination of the content of ABA and ABA-GE in Arabidopsis following rehydration under drought stress revealed that ABA-GE contents were significantly higher in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing RCAR12 and RCAR13 than in nontransformed plants and plants overexpressing RCAR11 following rehydration under drought stress.These observations suggest that RCAR12 and RCAR13 enhance the activity of UGT71C5 to glycosylate excess ABA into ABA-GE following rehydration under drought stress,representing a rapid mechanism for regulating plant growth and development.

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of influenza virus receptors in trachea and lung tissues of humans,mice,chickens and ducks

To accurately determine the expression and distribution patterns of two infuenza virus receptors （SAa2,3-gal and SAa2,6-gal） in trachea and lung tissues of humans, mice, chickens and ducks, we analyzed lectin immunofluorescence stainings of various tissue sections qualitatively and quantitatively. Results from the qualitative analysis showed that both influenza virus receptors were expressed in lung tissues of humans, mice, chickens and ducks as well as trachea tissues of mice and ducks. However, SAa2,6-gal receptor was expressed only in the human trachea tissue and SAa2,3-gal receptor was expressed only in the chicken trachea tissue. Results from the quantitative analysis demonstrated that both receptors were expressed in trachea tis- sues of human and mouse, as well as in lung tissues of humans, chickens and ducks. Meanwhile, our results also showed that the expression and distribution of influenza virus receptors in the same tissue were not always uniform, indicating that their distribution and expression in various tissues are not simply the distinction between the presence or absence of receptors, but rather the difference in the amount of expressed receptors.

Is exon mutation analysis needed for adjuvant treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor?

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) are the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract,resulting from an activating mutation of stem cell factor receptor(KIT),and an activating mutation of the homologous platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha(PDGFRA) kinase.Most GISTs(90%-95%) are KIT-positive.About 5% of GISTs are truly negative for KIT expression.GISTs have been documented to resistant conventional chemotherapeutics.Due to the KIT activation that occurs in the majority of the cases,KIT inhibition is the primary treatment approach in the adjuvant treatment of metastatic GISTs.Imatinib mesylate is an oral agent that is a selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the KIT protein tyrosine kinase,and it has demonstrated clinical benefit and objective tumor responses in most GIST patients in phase Ⅱ and Ⅲ trials.The presence and the type of KIT or PDGFRA mutation are predictive of response to imatinib therapy in patients with advanced and metastatic disease.Molecular analysis in phaseⅠ-Ⅱ trials revealed significant differences in objective response,progression-free survival,and overall survival between GISTs with different kinase mutations.The aim of this letter is to touch on the need for exon mutation analysis for adjuvant treatment with imatinib in GIST patients.

Polymorphism Analysis of RXFP2 in Different Sheep Breeds from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China

Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 （RXFP2） is a robust candidate gene related to horn types in sheep. A series of independent genome-wide association studies have reported that RXFP2 underlies the existence and lack of horns. In this study, High-Resolution Melting （HRM） analysis and DNA sequencing were employed to detect the polymorphism of RXFP2 gene in three sheep breeds from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China （ Tibetan sheep, Qinghai fine wool sheep and Alpine Merino sheep） and to determine the impacts of genotypes of RXFP2 on expression of horn phenotypes. The results showed that one single nucleotide pol- ymorphism （SNP） was identified as RXFP 2SNP c. 29389966 A 〉 G. The frequency of genotype AA in Alpine Merino ram （polled） was significantly higher than that in Tibetan ram （horned） and Qinghai fine wool ram （horned） Ix2（1, N= 421） = 72.25, P〈 0.001; xZ（1, N= 402） = 4.28, P〈 0.005）]; the fre- quency of genotype AA in Qinghai fine wool ewe （polled） was also much higher than that in Qinghai fine wool ewe （horned） and Tibetan ewe （horned） [x2（1, N = 196） = 42.04, P 〈 0. 001 ; x2 （ 1, N = 192） = 24. 69, P 〈 0. 005 ） ]. This mutation could potentially be exploited in marker-assisted selection （MAS） pro- grams within sheep industry to breed horned or polled animals.

Acid suppressive drugs and gastric cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies

AIM: To evaluate the association between acid suppressive drug use and the development of gastric cancer. METHODS: A systematic search of relevant studies that were published through June 2012 was conducted using the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The search included observational studies on the use of histamine 2-receptor antagonists (H 2 RAs) or proton pump inhibitors and the associated risk of gastric cancer, which was measured using the adjusted odds ratio (OR) or the relative risk and 95%CI. An independent extraction was performed by two of the authors, and a consensus was reached. RESULTS: Of 4595 screened articles, 11 observational studies (n = 94558) with 5980 gastric cancer patients were included in the final analyses. When all the studies were pooled, acid suppressive drug use was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer risk (adjusted OR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.29-1.56, I2 = 48.9%, P = 0.034). The overall risk of gastric cancer increased among H 2 RA users (adjusted OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.24-1.59, I2 = 59.5%, P = 0.008) and PPI users (adjusted OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.19-1.64, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.377). CONCLUSION: Acid suppressive drugs are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Further studies are needed to test the effect of acid suppressive drugs on gastric cancer.

Prevention of atrial fibrillation with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on essential hypertensive patients:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors （ACEIs） or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers （ARBs） on preventing atrial fibrillation in essential hypertensive patients. Systematic literature retrieval was carried out to obtain randomized controlled trials on the effects of ACEI/ ARBs on essential hypertensive patients before December, 2013. Data extraction and quality evaluation were performed. Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.2.3. Ten high quality studies （11 articles） with a total of 42,892 patients （20,491 patients in the ACEI/ARBs group and 22,401 patients in the β-blocker or the calcium antagonist group） met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that ACEI/ARBs reduced the incidence of atrial fibrillation （AF） recurrence compared to calcium antagonists （RR=0.48; 95%CI, 0.40-0.58; P〈0.00001） or β-blockers （RR=0.39; 95%CI, 0.20-0.74; P=0.005） in long-term follow-up, respectively. Furthermore, ACEI/ARBs reduced the incidence of conges- tive heart failure （RR=0.86; 95%CI, 0.77-0.96; P=0.007）. However, no significant effects were observed on the incidence of new AF, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Our results suggest that ACEI/ ARBs may reduce the incidence of AF recurrence and congestive heart failure, with fewer serious adverse effects.