The effects of irradiation of 1.0 MeV electrons on the n＋-p GaAs middle cell of GalnP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells are investigated by temperature-dependent photoluminescence （PL） measurements in the 10-300K...The effects of irradiation of 1.0 MeV electrons on the n＋-p GaAs middle cell of GalnP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells are investigated by temperature-dependent photoluminescence （PL） measurements in the 10-300K temperature range. The appearance of thermal quenching of the PL intensity with increasing temperature confirms the presence of a nonradiative recombination center in the cell after the electron irradiation, and the thermal activation energy of the center is determined using the Arrhenius plot of the PL intensity. Furthermore, by comparing the thermal activation and the ionization energies of the defects, the nonradiative recombination center in the n＋ p GaAs middle cell acting as a primary defect is identified as the E5 electron trap located at Ec - 0.96 eV.展开更多
Many eukaryotic genes are members of multi-gene families due to gene duplications, which generate new copies that allow functional divergence. However, the relationship between
In the present investigation,a new composite nanostructured photoanodes were prepared using TiO_2 nanotubes（TNTs） with TiO_2 nanoparticles（TNPs）.TNPs were synthesized by sol-gel method,and TNTs were prepared throu...In the present investigation,a new composite nanostructured photoanodes were prepared using TiO_2 nanotubes（TNTs） with TiO_2 nanoparticles（TNPs）.TNPs were synthesized by sol-gel method,and TNTs were prepared through alkali hydrothermal method.Dye-sensitized solar cells（DSSCs） were fabricated with different photoanodes comprising of various ratios of TNTs ＋ TNPs,synthetic indigo dye as photosensitizer,PMII（l-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide） as ionic liquid electrolyte and cobalt sulfide as counter electrode.The structures and morphologies of TNPs and TNTs were analyzed through X-ray diffractometer,transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopes.The results of the investigation showed that the DSSC-4 made with composite photoanode structure（TNTs/TNPs）（90% of TNPs ＋ 10% of TNTs） had improved photocurrent efficiency（2.11%） than pure TNPs（1.00%） and TNT film（0.78%）.Electrochemical impedance spectra revealed that the composite TNTs/TNPs film-based DSSCs possessed the lowest charge-transfer resistances and longest electron lifetime.Hence,it could be concluded that the composite TNTs/TNPs photoanode facilitates the charge transport rate and enhances the efficiencies of DSSCs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11675020,11375028,11075018 and 10675023
文摘The effects of irradiation of 1.0 MeV electrons on the n＋-p GaAs middle cell of GalnP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells are investigated by temperature-dependent photoluminescence （PL） measurements in the 10-300K temperature range. The appearance of thermal quenching of the PL intensity with increasing temperature confirms the presence of a nonradiative recombination center in the cell after the electron irradiation, and the thermal activation energy of the center is determined using the Arrhenius plot of the PL intensity. Furthermore, by comparing the thermal activation and the ionization energies of the defects, the nonradiative recombination center in the n＋ p GaAs middle cell acting as a primary defect is identified as the E5 electron trap located at Ec - 0.96 eV.
文摘Many eukaryotic genes are members of multi-gene families due to gene duplications, which generate new copies that allow functional divergence. However, the relationship between
文摘In the present investigation,a new composite nanostructured photoanodes were prepared using TiO_2 nanotubes（TNTs） with TiO_2 nanoparticles（TNPs）.TNPs were synthesized by sol-gel method,and TNTs were prepared through alkali hydrothermal method.Dye-sensitized solar cells（DSSCs） were fabricated with different photoanodes comprising of various ratios of TNTs ＋ TNPs,synthetic indigo dye as photosensitizer,PMII（l-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide） as ionic liquid electrolyte and cobalt sulfide as counter electrode.The structures and morphologies of TNPs and TNTs were analyzed through X-ray diffractometer,transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopes.The results of the investigation showed that the DSSC-4 made with composite photoanode structure（TNTs/TNPs）（90% of TNPs ＋ 10% of TNTs） had improved photocurrent efficiency（2.11%） than pure TNPs（1.00%） and TNT film（0.78%）.Electrochemical impedance spectra revealed that the composite TNTs/TNPs film-based DSSCs possessed the lowest charge-transfer resistances and longest electron lifetime.Hence,it could be concluded that the composite TNTs/TNPs photoanode facilitates the charge transport rate and enhances the efficiencies of DSSCs.
