One-and Multi-dimensional CWENOZ Reconstructions for Implementing Boundary Conditions Without Ghost Cells

We address the issue of point value reconstructions from cell averages in the context of third-order finite volume schemes,focusing in particular on the cells close to the boundaries of the domain.In fact,most techniques in the literature rely on the creation of ghost cells outside the boundary and on some form of extrapolation from the inside that,taking into account the boundary conditions,fills the ghost cells with appropriate values,so that a standard reconstruction can be applied also in the boundary cells.In Naumann et al.(Appl.Math.Comput.325:252–270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2017.12.041,2018),motivated by the difficulty of choosing appropriate boundary conditions at the internal nodes of a network,a different technique was explored that avoids the use of ghost cells,but instead employs for the boundary cells a different stencil,biased towards the interior of the domain.In this paper,extending that approach,which does not make use of ghost cells,we propose a more accurate reconstruction for the one-dimensional case and a two-dimensional one for Cartesian grids.In several numerical tests,we compare the novel reconstruction with the standard approach using ghost cells.

The Quality of Life of Gastric Cancer Patients with and without Duodenal Passage Reconstructions after Total Gastrectomy

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Quality of Life of the patients who received a total gastrectomy with different kinds of reconstruction methods. METHODS Patients who received a total gastrectomy between May 1999 to May 2003 were followed-up via questionnaires. Fifty-nine who were alive more than 2 years with no sigh of recurrence were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups as follows： a group treated with reconstruction with a duodenal passage after total gastrectomy （gastric substitute, GS）; and a group receiving reconstruction without duodenal passage after total gastrectomy （Jejenal pouch, JP）. Follow-up feedback data of 14 items from the patients were analyzed, comparing the Quality of Life （QOL） between the 2 groups. RESULTS Six months after operation, the most common symptoms of all patients were reflux and loss of body weight, but there was no statistically significant differences in the 14 items related to the special post-operation symptoms between the 2 groups. At 12 months after the operations, there were significant differences between the 2 groups in body weight （P=0.01）, eating time （P=0.034〈0.05）, and frequency of food intake （P= 0.040〈0.05）; At 24 months after the operations, the only difference between the 2 groups was body weight gain （P=0.025〈0.05）. The JP group was better than the GS group. CONCLUSION The JP reconstruction pattern is superior to a simple GS in gain of body weight, volume of food intake and frequency of food intake, soon after the operation.

VolGraph-A PC-Based Visualization System for Three-Dimensional Medical Reconstructions

Three-dimensional reconstructions from tomography slices are paid great attention in medical applications nowadays. This paper introduces the design and the implement of VolGraph system: a new, inexpensive, PC-based visualization tool for three-dimensional medical reconstructions, which fully integrates the latest popular visualization algorithms ranging from classical surface rendering algorithm to volume rendering algorithms, such as Ray Casting, Splatting, and Shear-Warp.The input of VolGraph can be medical ima- ges including CT, MRI, etc, and the output can be in common image, VRML/XML or animation formats. Practice proves that the realization of a medical volume visualization system is now feasible on desktop PCs.

Dyke Swarms: Keys to Paleogeographic Reconstructions, Preface for IDC7 2016

Focusing on geological,geochemical and geophysical aspects of dykes and related units,the International Dyke Conference(IDC)series was launched in Toronto,Canada in 1985 by Prof.Henry C.Halls(University of Toronto).It has continued approximately every five years with

Paleomagnetic Data and Dyke Swarms Geometries – Important Tools for Precambrian Paleogeographic Reconstructions

There are only two quantitative tools for Precambrian paleogeographic reconstructions–paleomagnetic data and dyke swarms geometries.Paleomagnetic data provide information about paleolatitudes and orientation of rigid

Paleoglacial and paleoclimate reconstructions during the global Last Glacial Maximum in the Longriba area, eastern Tibetan Plateau

Owing to the remoteness of the Longriba area and the lack of dating records,it is extremely challenging to reconstruct the chronology and extent of the paleoglaciers in this area.In this paper,we combined limited observational data with automated modelling for paleoglacial reconstructions.We first identified a broadly distributed paleoglacier from satellite imagery and field investigation based on the sediment-landform assemblage principle and dated it to 23.1±1.4~19.5±1.2 ka by ^(10)Be exposure dating,corresponding to the global Last Glacial Maximum(gLGM).Then,we reconstructed the extent and ice surface of 171 paleoglaciers formed during the similar period based on geomorphological evidence and‘ice surface profile’modelling.The results showed that the paleoglacial coverage was 426.5 km2,with an ice volume of 38.1 km^(3),in the Longriba area.The reconstructed equilibrium line altitudes(ELAs)based on modelled ice surfaces yielded an average of 4245±66 m above sea level(asl),~725±73 m lower than the present ELA(4970±29 m asl).The temperature was~5.51-6.68℃lower,and the precipitation was~30-34%less in Longriba,during the gLGM compared to the present day.This glacial advance was mainly driven by colder climate that was synchronous with Northern Hemisphere cooling events.

Shape reconstructions and morphing kinematics of an eagle during perching manoeuvres

The key to high manoeuvre ability in bird flight lies in the combined morphing of wings and tail.The perching of a wild Haliaeetus Albicilla without running or wing flapping is recorded and investigated using a high-speed digital video.A shape reconstruction method is proposed to describe wing contours and tail contours during perching.The avian airfoil geometries of the Aquila Chrysaetos are extracted from noncontact surface measurements using a ROMBER 3D laser scanner.The wing planform,chord distribution and twist distribution are fitted in convenient analytical expressions to obtain a 3D wing geometry.A three-jointed arm model is proposed to associate with the 3D wing geometry,while a one-joint arm model is proposed to describe the kinematics of tail.Therefore,a 3D bird model is established.The perching sequences of the wild eagle are recaptured and regenerated with the proposed 3D bird model.A quasi-steady aerodynamic model is applied in the aerodynamic predictions,a four-step Adams-Bashforth method is used to calculate the ordinary differential equations,thus a BFGS based optimization method is established to predict the perching motions.

MHD Equilibrium Configuration Reconstructions for HL-2A Tokamak

The EFIT （Equilibrium Fitting） code is modified for the equilibrium configuration reconstruction in HL-2A. Signals from Langmuir probe （LP） at the divertor target plates are employed in the reconstruction of divertor configurations. The results show that discharge #2895 starts with a limiter configuration and develops gradually into a divertor configuration after t = 230 ms. This transition process is clearly demonstrated by the LP signals for the reconstruction. The profiles of plasma parameters such as safety factor q, pressure and current density as well as the evolution of major shape parameters of plasma, such as the boundary magnetic fluxes, the positions of both x-point and magnetic axis, are calculated from the reconstructed configurations. The possibility to apply the method to the swing of strike point on the target plate is discussed.

Successful treatment of corrosive esophageal strictures after failed esophageal reconstructions with colon and jejunum

Dense and extensive esophageal strictures after caustic agent ingestion require surgical treatment. Colon, stomach and jejunum can be used to reconstruct esophagus. Here, we report an unusual patient with corrosive esophageal stricture who had received unsuccessful esophageal replacements twice at other hospitals. Colon interposition had been first performed 6 months after corrosive esophageal burn, but the colon graft necrosis occurred. Esophageal reconstruction had been carried out 10 years later in another hospital. However, the graft necrosis developed again 5 months later. A salvage operation was performed to remove the necrotic transplant in our hospital. Then as much food as possible had been given to expand the stomach through the gastrostomy since the procedure. The patient underwent esophagecto-my and concomitant gastroesophagostomy in the neck 1. 5 years later. Esophageal dilations had been performed to prevent recurrent anastomotic stricture for 1 year. He has eaten a normal diet since being discharged.

Long-range precipitation forecasts using paleoclimate reconstructions in the western United States

Long-range precipitation forecasts are useful when managing water supplies.Oceanicatmospheric oscillations have been shown to influence precipitation.Due to a longer cycle of some of the oscillations,a short instrumental record is a limitation in using them for long-range precipitation forecasts.The influence of oscillations over precipitation is observable within paleoclimate reconstructions;however,there have been no attempts to utilize these reconstructions in precipitation forecasting.A data-driven model,KStar,is used for obtaining long-range precipitation forecasts by extending the period of record through the use of reconstructions of oscillations.KStar is a nearest neighbor algorithm with an entropy-based distance function.Oceanic-atmospheric oscillation reconstructions include the El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO),and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation(AMO).Precipitation is forecasted for 20 climate divisions in the western United States.A 10-year moving average is applied to aid in the identification of oscillation phases.A lead time approach is used to simulate a one-year forecast,with a 10-fold cross-validation technique to test the models.Reconstructions are used from 1658-1899,while the observed record is used from 1900-2007.The model is evaluated using mean absolute error(MAE),root mean squared error(RMSE),RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio(RSR),Pearson's correlation coefficient(R),NashSutcliffe coefficient of efficiency(NSE),and linear error in probability space(LEPS) skill score(SK).The role of individual and coupled oscillations is evaluated by dropping oscillations in the model.The results indicate 'good' precipitation estimates using the KStar model.This modeling technique is expected to be useful for long-term water resources planning and management.

Tribal Councils as a Decision-Making Mechanism for Post-disaster Reconstructions： A Case Study of Ulaljuc

Since the 1990s, indigenous people in Taiwan have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system. The establishment of tribal councils provides a communicative forum for tribal leaders, village, and the association of community development to make decisions of common tribal affairs. When disasters happen, the internal tribal response strategies and external assistance mechanisms might cooperate through either traditional or modern administrative systems. The research focused on how these organizations, while in interim housing, influenced the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disasters. The research＇s findings suggested that tribal councils, a pre-existing mechanism, seemed to be an appropriate forum for negotiation and decision-making for tribal affairs.

Possible South-Dipping Mesozoic Subduction at Southern Tethys Ocean-Constrained from Global Tectonic Reconstructions and Seismic Tomography

The evolution of the Tethys Ocean involved several episodes of ocean opening(including the Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys) along its southern margin as terranes rifting away from eastern Gondwana. These oceans were terminated by well observed north-dipping subduction as the same terranes accreted to southern Eurasia. However, the presence of south-dipping subduction, though geologically proposed by numerous studies, have generally been omitted in the reconstruction of Tethyan evolution. Here, we synthesize the Mesozoic south-dipping subduction evolutions in the global reconstruction and focus on two potential events located along the northern edges of Southwest Borneo Block and the Woyla Arc. We next evaluate their slab volumes after thermal diffusion in the current mantle. Fast velocity anomalies in the mantle beneath the same region are then converted to cold anomalies and their volumes are further estimated and compared to the volumes evaluated from these two Mesozoic south-dipping subduction. We further identify seismic fast velocity anomalies likely relevant to slab remnants of south-dipping Tethyan subduction in the present-day mantle beneath the Indian ocean and West Australia, and link them to arc systems in plate reconstructions. In addition, one more tectonic scenario relevant to the north-dipping subduction in our study region is also examined. We speculate the relationship and evolution between such south-dipping subduction and north-dipping subduction in the south of Tethys Oceans. The attempt to reconstruct intermittent south-dipping subduction systems in southern Tethys region represents an effort on assessing rifting mechanisms in the opening of the Tethys Ocean and break-up of eastern Gondwana.

全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中的临床应用

目的探究全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中的临床应用。方法选取2020年6月~2023年6月间徐州市中心医院收治的58例进行上鼓室外侧壁重建的胆脂瘤患者,根据采用修复材料的不同分为对照组及观察组各29例。对照组采用耳屏软骨膜进行上鼓室外侧壁重建,观察组采用耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体进行上鼓室外侧壁重建,两组患者均于全耳内镜下进行手术。统计患者术中出血量、手术时间,术后3个月复查听力情况、干耳情况及耳道功能改善情况,术后随访6个月鼓膜愈合情况。结果与术前比较,术后3个月气导听阈、气骨导差降低(P<0.05),与对照组比较,观察组气导听阈、气骨导差降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组干耳率、耳道功能良好率、听力提高成功率均升高,干耳时间缩短,但耳屏愈合时间增加(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组手术时间缩短,术中出血量减少(P<0.05);观察组、对照组术后并发症总发生率分别为13.79%、24.14%,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组愈合良好率高于对照组(86.21%vs.62.07%)(P<0.05),两组患者耳膜穿孔(10.34%vs.24.14%)、鼓膜移位(3.45%vs.6.90%)及鼓膜回缩(0.00%vs.6.90%)发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中有利于改善患者听力,有利于术后恢复。

基于知识模糊迁徙的城市污水处理膜污染决策

针对城市污水处理膜污染难以精准决策的问题,提出一种基于知识模糊迁徙的膜污染决策方法。首先,结合城市污水处理运行过程数据和运行经验,利用模糊规则的形式实现膜污染决策知识的表达;其次,提出一种知识重构机制(knowledge reconstruction mechanism,KRM),动态平衡源域与目标域之间的准确性和多样性,并采用知识迁徙的方法完成决策知识重构;最后,建立一种基于数据和知识驱动的区间二型模糊神经网络(data-knowledge-driven interval type-2 fuzzy neural network,DK-IT2FNN)的决策模型,利用模糊规则设计模型参数,采用迁徙梯度下降算法动态调整网络权值,提高决策精度。实验结果表明,该模型能够实现膜污染的精准决策。

Reactor field reconstruction from sparse and movable sensors using Voronoi tessellation-assisted convolutional neural networks

The aging of operational reactors leads to increased mechanical vibrations in the reactor interior.The vibration of the incore sensors near their nominal locations is a new problem for neutronic field reconstruction.Current field-reconstruction methods fail to handle spatially moving sensors.In this study,we propose a Voronoi tessellation technique in combination with convolutional neural networks to handle this challenge.Observations from movable in-core sensors were projected onto the same global field structure using Voronoi tessellation,holding the magnitude and location information of the sensors.General convolutional neural networks were used to learn maps from observations to the global field.The proposed method reconstructed multi-physics fields(including fast flux,thermal flux,and power rate)using observations from a single field(such as thermal flux).Numerical tests based on the IAEA benchmark demonstrated the potential of the proposed method in practical engineering applications,particularly within an amplitude of 5 cm around the nominal locations,which led to average relative errors below 5% and 10% in the L_(2) and L_(∞)norms,respectively.

FPGA-based position reconstruction method for neutron beam flux spatial distribution measurement in BNCT

A new measurement method for the spatial distribution of neutron beam flux in boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is being developed based on the two-dimensional Micromegas detector.To address the issue of long processing times in traditional offline position reconstruction methods,this paper proposes a field programmable gate array based online position reconstruction method utilizing the micro-time projection chamber principle.This method encapsulates key technical aspects:a self-adaptive serial link technique built upon the dynamical adjustment of the delay chain length,fast sorting,a coordinate-matching technique based on the mapping between signal timestamps and random access memory(RAM)addresses,and a precise start point-merging technique utilizing a circular combined RAM.The performance test of the selfadaptive serial link shows that the bit error rate of the link is better than 10-12 at a confidence level of 99%,ensuring reliable data transmission.The experiment utilizing the readout electronics and Micromegas detector shows a spatial resolution of approximately 1.4 mm,surpassing the current method’s resolution level of 5 mm.The beam experiment confirms that the readout electronics system can obtain the flux spatial distribution of neutron beams online,thus validating the feasibility of the position reconstruction method.The online position reconstruction method avoids traditional methods,such as bubble sorting and traversal searching,simplifies the design of the logic firmware,and reduces the time complexity from O(n2)to O(n).This study contributes to the advancement in measuring neutron beam flux for BNCT.

Measurement of the high energyγ-rays from heavy ion reactions usingČerenkov detector

The energetic bremsstrahlung photons up to 100 MeV produced in heavy ion collisions can be used as a sensitive probe for short-range correlation in atomic nuclei. The energy of the γ-rays can be measured by collecting the Čerenkov light in the medium induced by the fast electrons generated in the Compton scattering or electromagnetic shower of the incident γray. Two types of detectors based on pure water and lead glass as sensitive materials were designed for this purpose. The γresponse and optical photon propagation in the detectors were simulated based on electromagnetic and optical processes in Geant4. The inherent energy resolutions of 0.022(4) + 0.51(2)∕E^(1/2)_(γ) for water and 0.0026(3) + 0.446(3)∕E^(1/2)_(γ) for lead glass were obtained. The geometry sizes of the lead glass and water were optimized to 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm and 60 cm × 60 cm ×120 cm, respectively, to detect high-energy γ-rays at 160 MeV. The Hough transform method was applied to reconstruct the direction of the incident γ-rays, providing the ability to experimentally distinguish the high-energy γ-rays produced in the reactions on the target from random background cosmic-ray muons.

Sparse Modal Decomposition Method Addressing Underdetermined Vortex-Induced Vibration Reconstruction Problem for Marine Risers

When investigating the vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of marine risers,extrapolating the dynamic response on the entire length based on limited sensor measurements is a crucial step in both laboratory experiments and fatigue monitoring of real risers.The problem is conventionally solved using the modal decomposition method,based on the principle that the response can be approximated by a weighted sum of limited vibration modes.However,the method is not valid when the problem is underdetermined,i.e.,the number of unknown mode weights is more than the number of known measurements.This study proposed a sparse modal decomposition method based on the compressed sensing theory and the Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit(Co Sa MP)algorithm,exploiting the sparsity of VIV in the modal space.In the validation study based on high-order VIV experiment data,the proposed method successfully reconstructed the response using only seven acceleration measurements when the conventional methods failed.A primary advantage of the proposed method is that it offers a completely data-driven approach for the underdetermined VIV reconstruction problem,which is more favorable than existing model-dependent solutions for many practical applications such as riser structural health monitoring.

Estimation-free spatial-domain image reconstruction of structured illumination microscopy

Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)achieves super-resolution(SR)by modulating the high-frequency information of the sample into the passband of the optical system and subsequent image reconstruction.The traditional Wiener-filtering-based reconstruction algorithm operates in the Fourier domain,it requires prior knowledge of the sinusoidal illumination patterns which makes the time-consuming procedure of parameter estimation to raw datasets necessary,besides,the parameter estimation is sensitive to noise or aberration-induced pattern distortion which leads to reconstruction artifacts.Here,we propose a spatial-domain image reconstruction method that does not require parameter estimation but calculates patterns from raw datasets,and a reconstructed image can be obtained just by calculating the spatial covariance of differential calculated patterns and differential filtered datasets(the notch filtering operation is performed to the raw datasets for attenuating and compensating the optical transfer function(OTF)).Experiments on reconstructing raw datasets including nonbiological,biological,and simulated samples demonstrate that our method has SR capability,high reconstruction speed,and high robustness to aberration and noise.

A rened analytical model for reconstruction problems in diuse reectance spectroscopy

A rened analytical model of spatially resolved diffuse reectance with small source-detector separations(SDSs)for the in vivo skin studies is proposed.Compared to the conventional model developed by Farrell et al.,it accounts for the limited acceptance angle of the detectorber.The rened model is validated in the wide range of optical parameters by Monte Carlo simulations of skin diffuse reectance at SDSs of units of mm.Cases of uniform dermis and two-layered epidermis-dermis structures are studied.Higher accuracy of the rened model compared to the conventional one is demonstrated in the separate,constraint-free reconstruction of absorption and reduced scattering spectra of uniform dermis from the Monte Carlo simulated data.In the case of epidermis-dermis geometry,the recovered values of reduced scattering in dermis are overestimated and the recovered values of absorption are underestimated for both analytical models.Presumably,in the presence of a thin mismatched topical layer,only the effective attenuation coe±cient of the bottom layer can be accurately recovered using a diffusion theorybased analytical model while separate reconstruction of absorption and reduced scattering fails due to the inapplicability of the method of images.These-ndings require implementation of more sophisticated models of light transfer in inhomogeneous media in the recovery algorithms.