Since the new BWM(Ballast Water Management)Convention entered into force in 2017,the ballast water should be cleansed of any harmful aquatic organisms,pathogens,wastes or even bacteria before being released into a new...Since the new BWM(Ballast Water Management)Convention entered into force in 2017,the ballast water should be cleansed of any harmful aquatic organisms,pathogens,wastes or even bacteria before being released into a new aquatic environment.For this purpose,the ships are required to carry(i)a BMW plan with detailed descriptions upon the implementation of the Convention’s requirements,(ii)a ballast water record book,clearly stating the release spots and stations of ballast water,and(iii)an International Water Management Certificate,stating if the ship should abide the D-1 or D-2 standards.The research questions of this paper are,(i)should these standards apply when ballast water is released into more aggressive aquatic environments than the one where the outgoing ballast was collected?(ii)how will a port authority be able to enforce the Convention’s rules when the water release happens in open waters and how can a vessel be criminalized?(iii)are the Port Facilities prepared and equipped in a global spectrum with the necessary tools to handle the ships’demand for wastewater unloading?(iv)how can the emerging operational issues be dealt with effectively?展开更多
文摘Since the new BWM(Ballast Water Management)Convention entered into force in 2017,the ballast water should be cleansed of any harmful aquatic organisms,pathogens,wastes or even bacteria before being released into a new aquatic environment.For this purpose,the ships are required to carry(i)a BMW plan with detailed descriptions upon the implementation of the Convention’s requirements,(ii)a ballast water record book,clearly stating the release spots and stations of ballast water,and(iii)an International Water Management Certificate,stating if the ship should abide the D-1 or D-2 standards.The research questions of this paper are,(i)should these standards apply when ballast water is released into more aggressive aquatic environments than the one where the outgoing ballast was collected?(ii)how will a port authority be able to enforce the Convention’s rules when the water release happens in open waters and how can a vessel be criminalized?(iii)are the Port Facilities prepared and equipped in a global spectrum with the necessary tools to handle the ships’demand for wastewater unloading?(iv)how can the emerging operational issues be dealt with effectively?
