Transplantation of fibrin-thrombin encapsulated human induced neural stem cells promotes functional recovery of spinal cord injury rats through modulation of the microenvironment

Recent studies have mostly focused on engraftment of cells at the lesioned spinal cord,with the expectation that differentiated neurons facilitate recovery.Only a few studies have attempted to use transplanted cells and/or biomaterials as major modulators of the spinal cord injury microenvironment.Here,we aimed to investigate the role of microenvironment modulation by cell graft on functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Induced neural stem cells reprogrammed from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and/or thrombin plus fibrinogen,were transplanted into the lesion site of an immunosuppressed rat spinal cord injury model.Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan score,electrophysiological function,and immunofluorescence/histological analyses showed that transplantation facilitates motor and electrophysiological function,reduces lesion volume,and promotes axonal neurofilament expression at the lesion core.Examination of the graft and niche components revealed that although the graft only survived for a relatively short period(up to 15 days),it still had a crucial impact on the microenvironment.Altogether,induced neural stem cells and human fibrin reduced the number of infiltrated immune cells,biased microglia towards a regenerative M2 phenotype,and changed the cytokine expression profile at the lesion site.Graft-induced changes of the microenvironment during the acute and subacute stages might have disrupted the inflammatory cascade chain reactions,which may have exerted a long-term impact on the functional recovery of spinal cord injury rats.

Configuration Synthesis and Grasping Performance Analysis of Multi-Loop Coupling Capture Mechanism for Launch and Recovery of Torpedo-Shaped Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Research of capture mechanisms with strong capture adaptability and stable grasp is important to solve the problem of launch and recovery of torpedo-shaped autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs).A multi-loop coupling capture mechanism with strong adaptability and high retraction rate has been proposed for the launch and recovery of torpedo-shaped AUVs with different morphological features.Firstly,the principle of capturing motion retraction is described based on the appearance characteristics of torpedo-shaped AUVs,and the configuration synthesis of the capture mechanism is carried out using the method of constrained chain synthesis.Secondly,the screw theory is employed to analyze the degree of freedom(DoF)of the capture mechanism.Then,the 3D model of the capture mechanism is established,and the kinematics and dynamics simulations are carried out.Combined with the capture orientation requirements of the capture mechanism,the statics and vibration characteristics analyses are carried out.Furthermore,considering the capture process and the underwater working environment,the motion characteristics and hydraulics characteristics of the capture mechanism are analyzed.Finally,a principle prototype is developed and the torpedo-shaped AUVs capture experiment is completed.The work provides technical reserves for the research and development of AUV capture special equipment.

Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Enabled Localized Stress Recovery of Periodic Composites

Structural damage in heterogeneousmaterials typically originates frommicrostructures where stress concentration occurs.Therefore,evaluating the magnitude and location of localized stress distributions within microstructures under external loading is crucial.Repeating unit cells(RUCs)are commonly used to represent microstructural details and homogenize the effective response of composites.This work develops a machine learning-based micromechanics tool to accurately predict the stress distributions of extracted RUCs.The locally exact homogenization theory efficiently generates the microstructural stresses of RUCs with a wide range of parameters,including volume fraction,fiber/matrix property ratio,fiber shapes,and loading direction.Subsequently,the conditional generative adversarial network(cGAN)is employed and constructed as a surrogate model to establish the statistical correlation between these parameters and the corresponding localized stresses.The stresses predicted by cGAN are validated against the remaining true data not used for training,showing good agreement.This work demonstrates that the cGAN-based micromechanics tool effectively captures the local responses of composite RUCs.It can be used for predicting potential crack initiations starting from microstructures and evaluating the effective behavior of periodic composites.

Family journey in the process of recovery of schizophrenia:A qualitative study

Objective:The aim of this research is to explore the life experiences of schizophrenic families in accompanying the recovery process.Methods:This study uses a qualitative method with descriptive phenomenology to explain phenomena from family experiences.The number of the participants was eight families who had family members with schizophrenia.Sampling was determined by purposive sampling.Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi method.Results:The results of this study show four themes that emerged including(1)psychological burden on the family,(2)families needing support in the recovery process,(3)obstacles due to social stigma,and(4)family gratitude for being able to pass the test patiently.Conclusion:The schizophrenia family’s journey in the recovery process is very long.They are required to endure in assisting the recovery process.Experiences felt by the family include feelings,obstacles,and hopes that arise in carrying out their role to assist the recovery process which aims to improve the health of schizophrenia patients.The findings from this study provide insight for nurses to be able to pay attention to family psychological problems by strengthening families through home visits and health promotion related to the recovery process of survivor schizophrenia.

Inhibiting tau protein improves the recovery of spinal cord injury in rats by alleviating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress

After spinal cord injury,the concentrations of total and hyperphosphorylated tau in cerebrospinal fluid increase,and levels of both correlate with injury severity.Tau inhibition is considered effective therapy for many central nervous system diseases,including traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease.However,whether it can play a role in the treatment of spinal cord injury remains unclear.In this study,the therapeutic effects of tau inhibition were investigated in a rat model of transection spinal cord injury by injecting the rats with a lentivirus encoding tau siRNA that inhibits tau expression.We found that tau inhibition after spinal cord injury down-regulated the levels of inflammatory mediators,including tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β.It also led to a shift of activated microglial polarization from the M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype to the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype,and reduced the amount of reactive oxygen species in the acute phase.Furthermore,the survival of residual neural cells around the injury epicenter,and neuronal and axonal regeneration were also markedly enhanced,which promoted locomotor recovery in the model rats.Collectively,our findings support the conclusion that tau inhibition can attenuate neuroinflammation,alleviate oxidative stress,protect residual cells,facilitate neurogenesis,and improve the functional recovery after spinal cord injury,and thus suggest that tau could be a good molecular target for spinal cord injury therapy.

Recovery of Li_(2)CO_(3)and FePO_(4)from spent LiFePO_(4)by coupling technics of isomorphic substitution leaching and solvent extraction

Efficient and low-cost recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4),LFP)batteries has become an inevitable trend.In this study,an integrated closed-loop recycling strategy including isomorphic substitution leaching and solvent extraction process for spent LFP was proposed.An inexpensive FeCl_(3)was used as leaching agent to directly substitute Fe^(2+)from LFP.99%of Li can be rapidly leached in just 30 min,accompanied by 98%of FePO_(4)precipitated in lixivium.The tri-n-butyl phosphate(TBP)-sulfonated kerosene(SK)system was applied to extract Li from lixivium through a twelve-stage countercurrent process containing synchronous extraction and stepwise stripping of Li^(+)and Fe^(3+).80.81%of Li can be selectively enriched in stripping liquor containing 3.059 mol·L^(-1)of Li^(+)under optimal conditions.And the Fe stripping liquor was recovered for LFP re-leaching,of which,Fe^(2+)was oxidized to Fe^(3+)by appropriate H_(2)O_(2).Raffinate and lixivium were concentrated and entered into extraction process to accomplished closeloop recycling process.Overall,the results suggest that more than 99%of Li was recovered.FeCl_(3)holding in solution was directly regenerated without any pollutant emission.The sustainable mothed would be an alternative candidate for total element recycling of spent LFP batteries with industrial potential.

A hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel nerve guidance conduit promotes regeneration and functional recovery of injured sciatic nerves in rats

A hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel can promote neuronal and astrocyte colony formation and axonal extension in vitro,suggesting that the hydrogel can simulate an extracellular matrix structure to promote neural regeneration.However,in vivo experiments have not been conducted.In this study,we transplanted a hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel nerve guidance conduit to repair a 10-mm long sciatic nerve gap.The Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale,sciatic nerve compound muscle action potential recording,Fluoro-Gold retrograde tracing,growth related protein 43/S100 immunofluorescence staining,transmission electron microscopy,gastrocnemius muscle dry/wet weight ratio,and Masson’s trichrome staining results showed that the nerve guidance conduit exhibited similar regeneration of sciatic nerve axons and myelin sheath,and recovery of the electrophysiological function and motor function as autologous nerve transplantation.The conduit results were superior to those of a bulk hydrogel or silicone tube transplant.These findings suggest that tissue-engineered nerve conduits containing hyaluronic acid granular hydrogels effectively promote the morphological and functional recovery of the injured sciatic nerve.The nerve conduits have the potential as a material for repairing peripheral nerve defects.

Reconstruction and recovery of anatase TiO_(2) from spent selective catalytic reduction catalyst by Na OH hydrothermal method

The improper disposal of spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts causes environmental pollution and metal resource waste.A novel process to recover anatase titanium dioxide (TiO_(2)) from spent SCR catalysts was proposed.The process included alkali (NaOH) hydrothermal treatment,sulfuric acid washing,and calcination.Anatase TiO_(2) in spent SCR catalyst was reconstructed by forming Na_(2)Ti_(2)O_(4)(OH)_(2) nanosheet during NaOH hydrothermal treatment and H_(2)Ti_(2)O_(4)(OH)_(2) during sulfuric acid washing.Anatase TiO_(2) was recovered by decomposing H_(2)Ti_(2)O_(4)(OH)_(2) during calcination.The surface pore properties of the recovered anatase TiO_(2) were adequately improved,and its specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume (PV) were 85 m^(2)·g^(-1)and 0.40 cm^(3)·g^(-1),respectively.The elements affecting catalytic abilities(arsenic and sodium) were also removed.The SCR catalyst was resynthesized using the recovered TiO_(2) as raw material,and its catalytic performance in NO selective reduction was comparable with that of commercial SCR catalyst.This study realized the sustainable recycling of anatase TiO_(2) from spent SCR catalyst.

Temperature/salt tolerance and oil recovery of xanthan gum solution enhanced by surface-modified nanosilicas

Amide-and alkyl-modified nanosilicas(AANPs)were synthesized and introduced into Xanthan gum(XG)solution,aiming to improve the temperature/salt tolerance and oil recovery.The rheological behaviors of XG/AANP hybrid dispersions were systematically studied at different concentrations,temperatures and inorganic salts.At high temperature(75C)and high salinity(10,000 mg,L1 NaCl),AANPs increase the apparent viscosity and dynamic modulus of the XG solution,and XG/AANP hybrid dispersion exhibits elastic-dominant properties.The most effective concentrations of XG and AANP interacting with each other are 1750 mg·L^(-1) and 0.74 wt%,respectively.The temperature tolerance of XG solution is not satisfactory,and high temperature further weakens the salt tolerance of XG.However,the AANPs significantly enhance the viscoelasticity the XG solution through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effect.Under reservoir conditions,XG/AANP hybrid recovers approximately 18.5%more OOIP(original oil in place)than AANP and 11.3%more OOIP than XG.The enhanced oil recovery mechanism of the XG/AANP hybrid is mainly increasing the sweep coefficient,the contribution from the reduction of oil-water interfacial tension is less.

Enhancement and recovery of photoluminescence and stability by multifunctional etching ligands treatment for perovskite nanocrystals

Perovskite nanocrystals(PNCs)have recently become promising optoelectronic materials due to their excellent photophysical properties.However,the highly dynamic binding state between ligands and the surface of PNCs has severely restricted their luminescent properties and stabilities.In this work,1,3-bisbenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid(cycle acid,CA)is introduced as both an etchant and a ligand upon post-synthetic surface treatment of PNCs.By removing the imperfect octahedrons[Pb X_(6)]^(4-)and passivating the surface defects synergistically,this treatment improves photoluminescence quantum yields from 76%to 95%and enhances the stability of PNCs against polar solvent,moisture,heat,and illumination.Meanwhile,CA can effectively and instantly recover the luminescence emission for aged PNCs.As a result,the CA-Cs Pb Br_(3)PNCs and CA-Cs Pb IxBr_(3-x)PNCs are applied as color-converting layers on a blue LED chip for warm white light-emitting diodes(WLEDs)with a color coordinate of(0.41,0.40).Importantly,the CA-based WLED device exhibits superior stability in operational conditions.

Effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

BACKGROUND Long-term treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is associated with adverse events,such as nausea and vomiting,dizziness,and sleep disturbances,and poor maintenance of late ADHD medication compromises treatment outcomes and prolongs the recovery of patients’social functioning.AIM To evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with ADHD.METHODS A total of 90 patients diagnosed with ADHD between May 2019 and August 2020 were included in the study and randomly assigned to either the pharmacological group(methylphenidate hydrochloride and tomoxetine hydrochloride)or the non-pharmacological group(parental training,behavior modification,sensory integration therapy,and sand tray therapy),with 45 cases in each group.Outcome measures included treatment compliance,Swanson,Nolan,and Pelham,Version IV(SNAP-IV)scores,Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ)scores,and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale(WFIRS)scores.RESULTS The non-pharmacological interventions resulted in significantly higher compliance in patients(95.56%)compared with medication(71.11%)(P<0.05).However,no significant differences in SNAP-IV and PSQ scores,in addition to the learning/school,social activities,and adventure activities of the WFIRS scores were observed between the two groups(P>0.05).Patients with non-pharmacological interventions showed higher WFIRS scores for family,daily life skills,and self-concept than those in the pharmacological group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Non-pharmacological interventions,in contrast to the potential risks of adverse events after longterm medication,improve patient treatment compliance,alleviate patients’behavioral symptoms of attention,impulsivity,and hyperactivity,and improve their cognitive ability,thereby improving family relationships and patient self-evaluation.

Excavators Sales Growth Indicates Recovery of Infrastructure Building

According to recent data released by the China Construction Machinery Association,based on the survey of 26 excavator manufacturers,about 23,700 excavators were sold in November 2022,up by 15.8% from the previous year and reaching new heights this year.Among excavator sales,14,400were sold in China,up by 2.74%.This is the first positive growth since March.

The Recovery of Retail Consumption Is on the Way

In March 2023,the Government Work Report issued by the State Council proposed focusing on expanding domestic demand and prioritizing the recovery and expansion of consumption.The Ministry of Commerce has positioned 2023 as the"Year of Consumption Boosting",focusing on improving consumption conditions,innovating consumption scenarios,creating a consumption atmosphere,and boosting consumer confidence.

Study of the Management and Recovery of Biodegradable Waste in the City of Kankan,Guinea

This research,carried out during September and October 2020 in the city of Kankan,made it possible to take stock of the city’s household waste management.The quantities of waste from the four main landfills in the city are assessed,namely:Sogbè(1350.3 m^(3)),Station(195.5 m^(3)),Station University of Kankan(2491.5 m^(3))and Salamani(369.6 m^(3)).Waste from three landfills/dumps was characterized for 26 days.This characterization covered 5,010.6 kg of waste,composed of 4263.9 kg of organic matter,462.1 kg of recyclable matter and 284.6 kg of inorganic matter.The survey concerned a target population of 403 inhabitants,which made it possible to determine a production ratio per habitant per day of(0.48 kg/habitant/d).Finally,a composting experiment of 2000 kg of organic matter was carried out.The results obtained during this study constitute the basic elements allowing defining a better policy of management of household solid waste in the city of Kankan.

Some Results for Exact Support Recovery of Block Joint Sparse Matrix via Block Multiple Measurement Vectors Algorithm

Block multiple measurement vectors (BMMV) is a reconstruction algorithm that can be used to recover the support of block K-joint sparse matrix X from Y = ΨX + V. In this paper, we propose a sufficient condition for accurate support recovery of the block K-joint sparse matrix via the BMMV algorithm in the noisy case. Furthermore, we show the optimality of the condition we proposed in the absence of noise when the problem reduces to single measurement vector case.

Effects of professional rehabilitation training on the recovery of neurological function in young stroke patients

Young stroke patients have a strong desire to return to the society, but few studies have been conducted on their rehabilitation training items, intensity, and prognosis. We analyzed clinical data of young and middle-aged/older stroke patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Capital Medical University, China from February 2014 to May 2015. Results demonstrated that hemorrhagic stroke （59.6%） was the primary stroke type found in the young group, while ischemic stroke （60.0%） was the main type detected in the middle-aged/older group. Compared with older stroke patients, education level and incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia were higher in younger stroke patients, whereas, incidences of hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease were lower. The average length of hospital stay was longer in the young group than in the middle-aged/older group. The main risk factors observed in the young stroke patients were hypertension, drinking, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, diabetes, previous history of stroke, and heart disease. The most accepted rehabilitation program consisted of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion. Average rehabilitation training time was 2.5 hours/day. Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale scores were increased at discharge. Six months after discharge, the degree of occupational and economic satisfaction declined, and there were no changes in family life satisfaction. The degrees of other life satisfaction （such as friendship） improved. The degree of disability and functional status improved significantly in young stroke patients after professional rehabilitation, but the number of patients who returned to society within 6 months after stroke was still small.

Recovery of a degenerated corticospinal tract after injury in a patient with intracerebral hemorrhage:confirmed by diffusion tensor tractography imaging

The corticospinal tract （CST） is a major neuronal tract of motor function in the human brain （York, 1987; Davidoff, 1990; Jang, 2014）. Recovery of an injured CST is one of the motor recovery mechanisms in stroke patients （Hendricks et al., 2003; Jang et al., 2006, 2007; Swayne et al., 2008; Kwon et al., 2011, 2013; Kwon and Jang, 2012; Yeo and Jang, 2013; Rong et al., 2014）. Diffusion tensor tractography （DTT）, derived from diffusion tensor imaging （DTI）, and transcra- nial magnetic stimulation （TMS） have been widely used in demonstrating the recovery of an injured CST （Hendricks et al., 2003; Jang et al., 2006, 2007; Swayne et al., 2008; Pannek et al., 2009; Kwon et al., 2011, 2013; Kwon and Jang, 2012; Yeo and Jang, 2013; Rong et al., 2014）. DTT has the advan- tage of enabling visualization of the architecture and integ- rity of the CST at the subcortical level in three dimensions （Mori et al., 1999; Kunimatsu et al., 2004）.

PDE5 inhibitors promote recovery of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic mice

Diabetes mellitus affects an estimated 422 million people worldwide.Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common and disabling complications of diabetes.There is currently no effective treatment for diabetic neuropathy,

Recovery of sympathetic nerve function after lumbar sympathectomy is slower in the hind limbs than in the torso

Local sympathetic denervation by surgical sympathectomy is used in the treatment of lower limb ulcers and ischemia,but the restoration of cutaneous sympathetic nerve functions is less clear.This study aims to explore the recovery of cutaneous sympathetic functions after bilateral L2-4 sympathectomy.The skin temperature of the left feet,using a point monitoring thermometer,increased intraoperatively after sympathectomy.The cytoplasm of sympathetic neurons contained tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamineβ-hydroxylase,visualized by immunofluorescence,indicated the accuracy of sympathectomy.Iodine starch test results suggested that the sweating function of the hind feet plantar skin decreased 2 and 7 weeks after lumbar sympathectomy but had recovered by 3 months.Immunofluorescence and western blot assay results revealed that norepinephrine and dopamineβ-hydroxylase expression in the skin from the sacrococcygeal region and hind feet decreased in the sympathectomized group at 2 weeks.Transmission electron microscopy results showed that perinuclear space and axon demyelination in sympathetic cells in the L5 sympathetic trunks were found in the sympathectomized group 3 months after sympathectomy.Although sympathetic denervation occurred in the sacrococcygeal region and hind feet skin 2 weeks after lumbar sympathectomy,the skin functions recovered gradually over 7 weeks to 3 months.In conclusion,sympathetic functional recovery may account for the recurrence of hyperhidrosis after sympathectomy and the normalization of sympathetic nerve trunks after incomplete injury.The recovery of sympathetic nerve function was slower in the limbs than in the torso after bilateral L（2-4） sympathectomy.

Recovery of multiply injured ascending reticular activating systems in a stroke patient

Consciousness is controlled by ular activating system （ARAS）. lower and upper parts between activation of the ascending retic- The ARAS consists mainly of the the thalamus and cerebral cortex （Edlow et al., 2012; Yeo et al., 2013; Jang et al., 2014）. Because the ARAS is composed of several neuronal circuits connecting the brainstem to the cortex. These neuronal connections begin from the reticular formation （RF） of the brainstem and the intralaminar nucleus of thalamus to the cerebral cortex （Gosseroes et al., 2011）. In addition, the ARAS system also includes several brainstem nuclei （such as dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus, pedun-culopontine nucleus, median raphe and parabrachial nucleus）, non-specific thalamic nuclei, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain （Fuller et al., 2011）.