Impact of bariatric surgery on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver and kidney function in food-induced obese diabetic rats

BACKGROUND Obesity usually causes diabetes mellitus(DM)and is a serious danger to human health.Type 2 DM(T2DM)mostly occurs along with obesity.Foodborne obesityinduced DM is caused by an excessive long-term diet and surplus energy.Bariatric surgery can improve the symptoms of T2DM in some obese patients.But different types of bariatric surgery may have different effects.AIM To investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver and kidney function in rats.METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 wk underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery(RYGB),sleeve gastrectomy(SG),or gastric banding(GB).Glucose and insulin tolerance tests,analyses of biochemical parameters,histological examination,western blot,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were conducted.RESULTS In comparison to the sham operation group,the RYGB,SG,and GB groups had decreased body weight and food intake,reduced glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity,downregulated biochemical parameters,alleviated morphological changes in the liver and kidneys,and decreased levels of protein kinase Cβ/P66shc.The effect in the RYGB group was better than that in the SG and GB groups.CONCLUSION These results suggest that RYGB,SG and GB may be helpful for the treatment of foodborne obesity-induced DM.

Effects of Noise Pollution on Functions of the Liver and Kidney of Rats

To study the effects of noise pollution on the functions of the liver and kidney of rats, a total of 40 male SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group and three experimental groups. The rats in the experimental groups were respectively stimulated with 38, 55 and 70 dB noise for 15 days, and the levels of blood components were determined by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The results showed that in compari-son with the control group, the level of the blood glucose in the experimental groups increased by 23.53%, 52.94% and 88.24%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.01）. The levels of triglyceride in the blood rose by 20.83%, 38.54% and 79.68%, respectively, and the differences were also statistically significant （P〈0.01）. The level of globulin in the blood increased by 16.49%, 21.13% and 51.78%, and the level of albumin in the blood rose by 9.51 %, 12.67% and 17.89%, respectively. The level of total bilirubin in the blood increased by 27.04%, 41.63% and 73.67%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.01）. The level of creatinine in the blood rose by 9.72%, 10.21% and 20.99%, respectively. The level of amylase in the blood reduced by 6.6%, 13.05% and 23.89%, respectively. The level of creatine kinase in the blood decreased by 19.81%, 27.37% and 36.81 %, respectively, and the level of urea in the blood reduced by 11.19%, 12.77% and 19.26%, respectively. The results revealed that noise pollution could significantly affect the levels of blood components and the functions of the liver and kidney of rats.

Clinical observation of gastrointestinal function recovery in patients after hepatobiliary surgery

BACKGROUND The liver is an important metabolic and digestive organ in the human body,ca-pable of producing bile,clotting factors,and vitamins.AIM To investigate the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients after hepato-biliary surgery and identify effective rehabilitation measures.METHODS A total of 200 patients who underwent hepatobiliary surgery in our hospital in 2022 were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into a control group and a study group based on the extent of the surgery,with 100 patients in each group.The control group received routine treatment,while the study group re-ceived targeted interventions,including early enteral nutrition support,drinking water before gas discharge,and large bowel enema,to promote postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery.The recovery of gastrointestinal function was compared between the two groups.RESULTS Compared with the control group,patients in the study group had better recovery of bowel sounds and less accumulation of fluids in the liver bed and gallbladder fossa(P<0.05).They also had shorter time to gas discharge and first meal(P<0.05),higher overall effective rate of gastrointestinal function recovery(P<0.05),and lower incidence of postoperative complications(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Targeted nursing interventions(early nutritional support,drinking water before gas discharge,and enema)can effectively promote gastrointestinal function recovery in patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery and reduce the incidence of complications,which is worthy of promotion.

Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor of acute kidney injury in liver transplantation patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus has become an increasing global health burden with rapid growing prevalence. Patients with diabetes have higher susceptibility to acute kidney injury(AKI). Liver transplantation(LT) predisposes the kidney to injury. However, the association between diabetes and AKI in LT patients remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining risk factors for AKI in patients undergone orthotopic LT. Potential risk factors including baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR), the model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score, diabetes, hypertension and intraoperative blood loss were screened. The primary endpoint was AKI occurrence. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between potential risk factors and AKI. Results: A total of 291 patients undergone orthotopic LT were included in the present study. Among them, 102 patients(35.05%) developed AKI within 5 days after LT. Diabetes was identified as an independent risk factor for AKI. Patients who developed AKI had worse graft function recovery and higher mortality within 14 days after LT compared to those who did not develop AKI. AKI patients with diabetes had a significant decline of e GFR within the first postoperative year, compared with patients who did not develop AKI and who developed AKI but without diabetes. Conclusions: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for AKI after orthotopic LT. AKI is associated with delayed graft function recovery and higher mortality in short-term postoperative period. Diabetic patients who developed AKI after LT experience a faster decline of e GFR within the first year after surgery.

Pre-hepatectomy type Ⅳ collagen 7S predicts post-hepatectomy liver failure and recovery

BACKGROUND Liver resection is an effective treatment for benign and malignant liver tumors.However,a method for preoperative evaluation of hepatic reserve has not yet been established.Previously reported assessments of preoperative hepatic reserve focused only on liver failure in the early postoperative period and did not consider the long-term recovery of hepatic reserve.When determining eligibility for hepatectomy,the underlying pathophysiology needs to be considered to determine if the functional hepatic reserve can withstand both surgery and any postoperative therapy.AIM To identify pre-hepatectomy factors associated with both early postoperative liver failure and long-term postoperative liver function recovery.METHODS This study was a retrospective cohort study.We retrospectively investigated 215 patients who underwent hepatectomy at our hospital between May 2013 and December 2016.Early post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)was defined using the International Study Group of Liver Surgery’s definition of PHLF.Long-term postoperative recovery of liver function was defined as the time taken for serum total bilirubin and albumin levels to return to levels of<2 mg/dL and>2.8 g/dL,respectively,and the time taken for Child-Pugh score to return to Child-Pugh class A.RESULTS Preoperative type IV collagen 7S was identified as a significant independent factor associated with both PHLF and postoperative long-term recovery of liver function.Further analysis revealed that the time taken for the recovery of Child-Pugh scores and serum total bilirubin and albumin levels was significantly shorter in patients with type IV collagen 7S≤6 ng/mL than in those with type IV collagen 7S>6 ng/mL.In additional analyses,similar results were observed in patients without chronic viral hepatitis associated with fibrosis.CONCLUSION Preoperative type IV collagen 7S is a preoperative predictor of PHLF and longterm postoperative liver function recovery.It can also be used in patients without chronic hepatitis virus.

Therapeutic potential of urine-derived stem cells in renal regeneration following acute kidney injury:A comparative analysis with mesenchymal stem cells

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates.The use of pluripotent stem cells holds great promise for the treatment of AKI.Urine-derived stem cells(USCs)are a novel and versatile cell source in cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine that provide advantages of a noninvasive,simple,and low-cost approach and are induced with high multidifferentiation potential.Whether these cells could serve as a potential stem cell source for the treatment of AKI has not been determined.METHODS Stem cell markers with multidifferentiation potential were isolated from human amniotic fluid.AKI severe combined immune deficiency(SCID)mice models were induced by means of an intramuscular injection with glycerol.USCs isolated from human-voided urine were administered via tail veins.The functional changes in the kidney were assessed by the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine.The histologic changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining.Meanwhile,we compared the regenerative potential of USCs with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).RESULTS Treatment with USCs significantly alleviated histological destruction and functional decline.The renal function was rapidly restored after intravenous injection of 5×105 human USCs into SCID mice with glycerol-induced AKI compared with injection of saline.Results from secretion assays conducted in vitro demonstrated that both stem cell varieties released a wide array of cytokines and growth factors.This suggests that a mixture of various mediators closely interacts with their biochemical functions.Two types of stem cells showed enhanced tubular cell prolif-eration and decreased tubular cell apoptosis,although USC treatment was not more effective than MSC treatment.We found that USC therapy significantly improved renal function and histological damage,inhibited inflammation and apoptosis processes in the kidney,and promoted tubular epithelial proliferation.CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the potential of USCs for the treatment of AKI,representing a new clinical therapeutic strategy.

Dynamic monitoring of serum liver function indexes in patients with COVID-19

BACKGROUND Some patients with the novel 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-19)display elevated liver enzymes.Some antiviral drugs that can be used against COVID-19 are associated with a risk of hepatotoxicity.AIM To analyze the clinical significance of the dynamic monitoring of the liver function of patients with COVID-19.METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in January and February 2020 at the Department of Infection,Shantou Central Hospital.The exclusion criteria for all patients were:(1)History of chronic liver disease;(2)History of kidney disease;(3)History of coronary heart disease;(4)History of malignancy;or(5)History of diabetes.The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),γ-glutamyltransferase,and total bilirubin of patients with COVID-19 were measured on days 1,3,7 and 14 after admission,and compared to non-COVID-19 patents.RESULTS Twelve patients with COVID-19(seven men and five women)and twelve controls(eight men and four women)were included.There were one,two,and nine patients with severe,mild,and moderate COVID-19,respectively.There were no differences in age and sex between the two groups(both P>0.05).No significant differences were found in albumin,ALT,AST,γ-glutamyltransferase,or total bilirubin between the controls and the patients with COVID-19 on day 1 of hospitalization(all P>0.05).Serum albumin showed a decreasing trend from days 0 to 7 of hospitalization,reaching the lowest level on day 7.Total bilirubin was higher on day 3 than on day 7.ALT,AST,andγ-glutamyltransferase did not change significantly over time.The severe patient was observed to have ALT levels of 67 U/L and AST levels of 75 U/L on day 7,ALT of 71 U/L and AST of 35 U/L on day 14,and ALT of 210 U/L and AST of 123 U/L on day 21.CONCLUSION Changes in serum liver function indicators are not obvious in the early stage of COVID-19,but clinically significant changes might be observed in severe COVID-19.

Value of serum PCT content for evaluating inflammatory factor release and organ function injury in neonatal septicemia

Objective: To explore the value of serum PCT content for evaluating inflammatory factor release and organ function injury in neonatal septicemia. Methods: 48 children who were diagnosed with neonatal septicemia in our hospital between March 2015 and May 2018 were selected as the septicemia group, and 50 healthy neonates delivered in our hospital during the same period were selected as the normal control group. The differences in PCT and inflammatory factor contents in serum as well as liver and kidney function index levels in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation of serum PCT content with inflammatory factor release as well as liver and kidney function injury in children with neonatal septicemia. Results: The serum PCT content of septicemia group was significantly higher than that of normal control group;serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) contents were higher than those of normal control group;peripheral blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were higher than those of normal control group;peripheral blood blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and serum β2-microglobulin (β2-M) levels were higher than those of normal control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum PCT content in children with neonatal septicemia was directly correlated with the degree of inflammatory response as well as the degree of liver and kidney function injury (P<0.05). Conclusion: The serum PCT content abnormally increases in children with neonatal septicemia, and the specific content is consistent with the disease severity and has certain clinical value for the judgment of children's condition.

Enhanced recovery after surgery program in the patients undergoing hepatectomy for benign liver lesions

Background:Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)has shown effectiveness in terms of reducing the hospital stay and cost.However,the benefit of ERAS in patients undergoing hepatectomy for benign liver lesions is still unclear.Methods:ERAS was implemented in our center since March 1st,2018.From September 2016 to Febru-ary 2018,109 patients were enrolled into the control group,and from March 2018 to June 2019,124 patients were enrolled into the ERAS group.All the indicators related to operation,liver functions,and postoperative outcomes were included in the analysis.Results:The clinicopathologic baselines were similar in these two groups.A significantly higher propor-tion of patients underwent laparoscopic surgery in the ERAS group.On the whole,intraoperative blood loss(100.00 mL vs.200.00 mL,P<0.001),blood transfusion(3.23%vs.10.09%,P=0.033),total bilirubin(17.10μmol/L vs.21.00μmol/L,P=0.041),D-dimer(2.08μg/mL vs.2.57μg/mL,P=0.031),postoperative hospital stay(5.00 d vs.6.00 d,P<0.001),and postoperative morbidity(16.13%vs.32.11%,P=0.008)were significantly shorter or less in the ERAS group than those in the control group.After stratified by operation methods,ERAS group showed significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay in both open and laparoscopic operation(both P<0.001).In patients underwent open surgery,ERAS group demonstrated significantly shorter operative duration(131.76±8.75 min vs.160.73±7.23 min,P=0.016),less intra-operative blood loss(200.00 mL vs.450.00 mL,P=0.008)and less postoperative morbidity(16.00%vs.44.44%,P=0.040).Conclusions:ERAS program may be safe and effective for the patients underwent hepatectomy,especially open surgery,for benign liver lesions.

Studies on Preclinical Toxicology of a New Tumor Photolocalizing and Photochemotherapeutic Agent, Photocarcinorin(PsD-007)

Photocarcinorin was prepared in our Lab and its composition was differentfrom that of any other hematoporphyrin photosensitizers by TLC and HPLC analyses.The 95% fiducial limits of iv LD in mice were 176-236 mg·kg-1.The iv MLD indogs was 171 mg·kg-1.The acute and subacutc toxic tests in 37 dogs showed that theintoxicated manifestations were characterized by a complex syndrome always seen inporphyrias.The biological,laboratory and histopathologic findings revealed that theliver,kidney and erythroeytic series were the target organs.The damages were dose-related and reversible within 2 wk.he phototoxicity was determined in mice with UV ra-diation and compared with that of HpD.The extent of its phototoxic reactions waslower than that of HpD’s.

Prognostic and diagnostic scoring models in acute alcoholassociated hepatitis:A review comparing the performance of different scoring systems

Alcohol-associated hepatitis(AAH)is a severe form of liver disease caused by alcohol consumption.In the absence of confounding factors,clinical features and laboratory markers are sufficient to diagnose AAH,rule out alternative causes of liver injury and assess disease severity.Due to the elevated mortality of AAH,assessing the prognosis is a radical step in management.The Maddrey discriminant function(MDF)is the first established clinical prognostic score for AAH and was commonly used in the earliest AAH clinical trials.A MDF>32 indicates a poor prognosis and a potential benefit of initiating corticosteroids.The model for end stage liver disease(MELD)score has been studied for AAH prognostication and new evidence suggests MELD may predict mortality more accurately than MDF.The Lille score is usually combined to MDF or MELD score after corticosteroid initiation and offers the advantage of assessing response to treatment a 4-7 d into the course.Other commonly used scores include the Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score and the Age Bilirubin international normalized ratio Creatinine model.Clinical AAH correlate adequately with histologic severity scores and leave little indication for liver biopsy in assessing AAH prognosis.AAH presenting as acute on chronic liver failure(ACLF)is so far prognosticated with ACLF-specific scoring systems.New artificial intelligence-generated prognostic models have emerged and are being studied for use in AAH.Acute kidney injury(AKI)is one possible complication of AAH and is significantly associated with increased AAH mortality.Predicting AKI and alcohol relapse are important steps in the management of AAH.The aim of this review is to discuss the performance and limitations of different scoring models for AAH mortality,emphasize the most useful tools in prognostication and review predictors of recurrence.

Evaluation of Anti-Oxidant Status and Radioprotective Activity of a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug in Mice

Various approaches have been developed for diminishing the effects of radiation on normal tissues or enhancing tumor cell killing by ionizing radiation. Recently, there has been an increase in the interest in research on synthetic and/or natural radioprotective agents. An important potential use for these agents is to modify and improve the outcome of radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the potential radioprotective role and antioxidant potency of the novel synthetic anticancer agent, quinoline sulfonamide (PIQSA) against tissue injury and oxidative stress induced by the exposure to gamma radiation and/or incidence of cancer in experimental animals. Mice (normal and bearing solid tumors) administered PIQSA (0.350 mg/kg body weight ip. three times a week for 21 days. At the last week of 30 days experimental period, an animal group was subjected to three successive doses of γ-radiation each of 2 Gy;another group was treated with combined administration of PIQSA 20 minutes before γ-irradiation. Some biochemical parameters (LPx, GSH, SOD, and CAT in liver homogenates, also plasma lipid profile (total lipids, total cholesterol, total triglycerides (TG), HDLc and LDLc were measured. To examine any adverse effect which could be attained by chemical treatment, liver enzymes (AST, ALT), and kidney function (creatinine and urea) were estimated in blood plasma, in addition to examination of some haematological indexes. The results indicated that the deleterious effects due to exposure to γ-radiation, and/or incidence of cancer on most of the estimated parameters could be controlled to a certain extent by administration of PIQSA to animals prior to irradiation. The results also confirmed that there were no significant adverse effects on mice due to the treatment with this chemical compound.

Serum RAAS molecules and their relationship with the systemic inflammatory response and target organ function in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

Objective:To explore the relationship of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity with the systemic inflammatory response and target organ function in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods: A total of 78 patients with severe acute pancreatitis who were treated in our hospital between August 2012 and March 2016 were selected as the observation group, and 50 healthy people who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the normal control group. The differences in the contents of RAAS indexes, inflammation indexes as well as liver and kidney function indexes were compared between the two groups, and Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation between RAAS activity and illness in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Results: Serum RAAS indexes E, Ang-Ⅱ and ALD levels of observation group were higher than those of normal control group;serum inflammation indexes IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and CRP levels were higher than those of normal control group;serum liver function indexes ALP,γ-GT and AST levels were higher than those of normal control group;serum kidney function indexes Scr, BUN and UA levels were higher than those of normal control group. The RAAS activity of patients with severe acute pancreatitis was directly correlated with serum levels of inflammation indexes as well as liver and kidney function indexes.Conclusion: The RAAS activity increases in patients with severe acute pancreatitis, and the specific increase extent is consistent with systemic inflammatory response as well as liver and kidney function damage.

Effect of mixing lard with soybean oil in cooking on hepatic antioxidative ability and renal metabolic activity

A simulate daily oriental dietary pattern(a blend of lard and soybean oil)was performed in this research to investigate influence on liver and kidney function.Sixty mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with diets of different fat added oils respectively for 12 weeks.Malondialdehyde and uric acid contents in mice fed with blended oil were significantly lower than in those fed only with soybean oil and lard due to the improved activities of antioxidant enzymes.Daily use of a blend of lard with soybean oil significantly increased antioxidant capacity,reduced lipid peroxidation of liver and serum uric acid production,thus protected liver and renal function.It also suggests that the oriental dietary pattern might reduce the risk of gout.

Changes of serum pancreatic stone protein and cholinesterase contents in children with sepsis and their correlation with systemic inflammatory response and target organ damage

Objective: To study the changes of serum pancreatic stone protein (PSP) and cholinesterase (ChE) contents in children with sepsis and their correlation with systemic inflammatory response and target organ damage. Methods: A total of 64 children with sepsis who were treated in the hospital between January 2015 and January 2017 were selected as observation group, and 50 healthy children who received vaccination in the hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. The contents of PSP, ChE, inflammatory factors as well as liver and kidney function indexes in the two groups were detected. Pearson test was used to assess the correlation of serum PSP and ChE contents with systemic inflammatory response and target organ damage in children with sepsis. Results: Serum PSP content of observation group was higher than that of control group while ChE content was lower than that of control group;serum inflammatory factors PCT, CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 contents of observation group were higher than those of normal control group;liver function indexes TBIL, ALT and AST contents were higher than those of normal control group;kidney function indexes Scr and BUN contents were higher than those of normal control group. Pearson test showed that the serum PSP and ChE contents in children with sepsis were directly correlated with the systemic inflammatory response as well as liver and renal function injury. Conclusion: Serum PSP content significantly increases while ChE content significantly decreases in children with sepsis and the specific change is directly correlated with the overall disease severity.

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells:A promisingstrategy to manage alcoholic liver disease

Chronic alcohol consumption is a major cause of liver disease.The term alcoholic liver disease(ALD)refers to a spectrum of mild to severe disorders including steatosis,steatohepatitis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.With limited therapeutic options,stem cell therapy offers significant potential for these patients.In this article,we review the pathophysiologic features of ALD and the therapeutic mechanisms of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells,also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),based on their potential to differentiate into hepatocytes,their immunomodulatory properties,their potential to promote residual hepatocyte regeneration,and their capacity to inhibit hepatic stellate cells.The perfect match between ALD pathogenesis and MSC therapeutic mechanisms,together with encouraging,available preclinical data,allow us to support the notion that MSC transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy to manage ALD onset and progression.

Endogenous leptin fluctuates in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury and represents a potential therapeutic target

AIM: To evaluate the role of leptin in the internal disorders during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: A rat model of 70% hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury was established, with groups of shamoperation (Sham), 60 min ischemia/60 min reperfusion (I60'R60'), I60'R150', I60'R240' and I60'R360'. Serum leptin was detected by a self-produced radioimmunoassay; serum glucose, total anti-oxidation capacity, myeloperoxidase, alanine transaminase and diamine oxidase were determined by relevant kits, while histologicalalterations and protein levels of leptin in the lung, liver and duodenum were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Spearman's rank correlation between leptin and other variables or grading of tissue impairment were analyzed simultaneously. RESULTS: Serum leptin in I60'R360' was significantly higher than in Sham and I60'R240' groups (both P < 0.05), serum glucose in I60'R360' was higher than in Sham and I60'R150' (both P < 0.05), and serum total anti-oxidation capacity in I60'R240' and I60'R360' were higher than in Sham (both P < 0.05) and I60'R150' groups (both P < 0.01). Serum myeloperoxidase in groups of I60'R240' and I60'R360' were lower than in I60'R150'group (both P < 0.05), serum alanine transaminase in the four reperfusion groups were higher than in the Sham group (all P < 0.05), while serum DAO in I60'R360' was lower than in I60'R60' (P < 0.05). Histological impairment in the lung, liver and duodenum at the early phase of this injury was more serious, but the impairment at the later phase was lessened gradually. Protein levels of leptin in the lung in the four reperfusion groups were significantly lower than in the Sham group (all P < 0.01), decreasing in the order of I60'R150', I60' R60', I60'R360' and I60'R240'; the levels in the liver in I60'R60' and I60'R240' were higher than in the Sham group (both P < 0.01), while the levels in I60'R240' and I60'R360' were lower than in I60'R60' (both P < 0.01); the levels in duodenum in I60'R240' and I60'R360' were higher than in Sham, I60'R60' and I60'R150' (all P < 0.01), while the level in I60'R150' was lower than in I60' R60' (P < 0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between serum leptin and alanine transaminase (ρ = 0.344, P = 0.021), a significantly negative correlation between the protein level of leptin in the lung and its damage scores (ρ = -0.313, P = 0.036), and a significantly positive correlation between the protein level of leptin in the liver and its damage scores (ρ = 0.297, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Endogenous leptin fluctuates in he-patic ischemia/reperfusion injury, exerts a potency to rehabilitate the internal disorders and represents a potential target for supportive therapy.

Biochemical,Enzymatic,and Immunological Study on Antimutagenic Achillea millefolium Methanolic Extract in vivo

Traditionally medicinal plants are used for its potential chemotherapeutic action and for safety upon the continued use of these plants.Achillea millefolium(AM)is an ancient herb which is used to treat wounds,headaches,disorder in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary,pain,and inflammation.This study was aimed to investigate the biochemical parameter of antimutagenic methanolic extract for AM in vivo.Plant extract together with MTX decreased the damage caused by the drug on the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides(160.3±2.26 and 108.7±2.71),significant increase in total protein concentration(8.51±0.17,9.46±0.19 and 10.8±2.71 g\dL)for 100 and 200 mg\kg was observed.Also plant extracts counteract the damage caused by drug through the reduction for both creatinin and albumin concentrations to 1.57±0.03 mg\dL and 4.56±0.09 g\dL,respectively.On enzymatic level,the results of interactions indicated the ability of plant to modulating harmful effects of the drug(57.1±1.3,130±3.1 and 111.1±2.1 U\L)for GOT,GPT and ALP,respectively.On the other hand,the plant possesses the ability to enhance the concentrations of all immunoglobulin(IgM,IgA and IgG)in the two doses tested.Therefore,the results of this study indicate the antimutagenic potential of AM extract and encouraging its consumption with MTX as one of the promising therapies.

Effects of hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis on target organ damage in patients with acute paraquat poisoning

Objective: To investigate the effects of hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis on target organ damage in patients with acute paraquat poisoning. Methods: A total of 42 patients with acute paraquat poisoning who were admitted and treated in our hospital between December 2013 and October 2017 were selected as the research subjects, and their therapies were reviewed and used to divide them into the control group (n=20) who received hemoperfusion alone and the combined treatment group (n=22) who received hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis. The differences in the levels of liver and kidney function indexes in peripheral blood as well as lung function indexes in arterial blood were compared between the two groups of patients immediately after admission, after 1 d of treatment and after 3 d of treatment. Results: Immediately after admission, the differences in the levels of liver and kidney function indexes in peripheral blood as well as lung function indexes in arterial blood were not statistically significant between the two groups. After 1d of treatment and after 3 d of treatment, kidney function indexes Scr, BUN and β2-MG levels in peripheral blood of combined treatment group were lower than those of control group at corresponding time points respectively;liver function indexes ALT, AST, TB and ALP levels in peripheral blood were lower than those of control group at corresponding time points respectively;lung function indexes PaO2, BE and PCO3- levels in arterial blood were higher than those of control group at corresponding time points respectively whereas PaCO2 levels were lower than those of control group at corresponding time points respectively. Conclusion: Compared with hemoperfusion alone, hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis is more advantageous in protecting the functions of liver, kidney, lungs and other target organs of patients with acute paraquat poisoning.

右美托咪定在肝癌手术患者中的应用效果

目的探讨右美托咪定(DEX)在肝癌手术患者中的应用效果。方法依据麻醉诱导前是否使用DEX将98例肝癌手术患者分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=52)。观察组患者在麻醉诱导前15 min给予1.0μg/kg的DEX,对照组患者在麻醉诱导前15 min给予等量的0.9%氯化钠溶液。比较两组患者的疼痛指标[神经肽Y(NPY)、P物质(SP)、多巴胺(DA)]、血流动力学指标[心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)]、胃肠功能指标[胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)、胆囊收缩素(CCK)]、术后恢复指标及术后院内感染情况。结果手术后3天,两组患者NPY、SP、DA水平均高于本组手术前,观察组患者NPY、SP、DA水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。麻醉诱导后(T1)至手术后2 h(T4),观察组患者MAP、HR均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。手术后3天,两组患者CCK水平均高于本组手术前,GAS、MTL水平均低于本组手术前,观察组患者GAS、MTL水平均高于对照组,CCK水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者的苏醒时间、首次下床活动时间、首次肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、术后住院时间均明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。观察组患者的术后院内感染率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论麻醉诱导前给予DEX对肝癌手术患者具有良好的镇痛效果,对患者的血流动力学和胃肠功能影响较小,可以促进患者术后恢复并且降低术后院内感染率。