Feasibility and safety of minimally invasive multivisceral resection for T4b rectal cancer:A 9-year review

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second highest cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.About 5%-10%of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)on presentation.For LARC invading into other structures(i.e.T4b),multivisceral resection(MVR)and/or pelvic ex-enteration(PE)remains the only potential curative surgical treatment.MVR and/or PE is a major and complex surgery with high post-operative morbidity.Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)has been shown to improve short-term post-operative outcomes in other gastrointestinal malignancies,but there is little evi-dence on its use in MVR,especially so for robotic MVR.This is a single-center retrospective cohort study from 1st January 2015 to 31st March 2023.Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with cT4b rectal cancer and underwent MVR,or stage 4 disease with resectable systemic metastases.Pa-tients who underwent curative MVR for locally recurrent rectal cancer,or me-tachronous rectal cancer were also included.Exclusion criteria were patients with systemic metastases with non-resectable disease.All patients planned for elective surgery were enrolled into the standard enhanced recovery after surgery pathway with standard peri-operative management for colorectal surgery.Complex sur-gery was defined based on technical difficulty of surgery(i.e.total PE,bladder-sparing prostatectomy,pelvic lymph node dissection or need for flap creation).Our primary outcomes were the margin status,and complication rates.Cate-gorical values were described as percentages and analysed by the chi-square test.Continuous variables were expressed as median(range)and analysed by Mann-Whitney U test.Cumulative overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS)were analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates with life table analysis.Log-rank test was performed to determine statistical significance between cumulative estimates.Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.Meier estimates with life table analysis.Log-rank test was performed to determine statistical significance between cumulative estimates.Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.RESULTS A total of 46 patients were included in this study[open MVR(oMVR):12(26.1%),miMVR:36(73.9%)].Patients’American Society of Anesthesiologists score,body mass index and co-morbidities were comparable between oMVR and miMVR.There is an increasing trend towards robotic MVR from 2015 to 2023.MiMVR was associated with lower estimated blood loss(EBL)(median 450 vs 1200 mL,P=0.008),major morbidity(14.7%vs 50.0%,P=0.014),post-operative intra-abdominal collections(11.8%vs 50.0%,P=0.006),post-operative ileus(32.4%vs 66.7%,P=0.04)and surgical site infection(11.8%vs 50.0%,P=0.006)compared with oMVR.Length of stay was also shorter for miMVR compared with oMVR(median 10 vs 30 d,P=0.001).Oncological outcomes-R0 resection,recurrence,OS and RFS were comparable between miMVR and oMVR.There was no 30-d mortality.More patients underwent robotic compared with laparoscopic MVR for complex cases(robotic 57.1%vs laparoscopic 7.7%,P=0.004).The operating time was longer for robotic compared with laparoscopic MVR[robotic:602(400-900)min,laparoscopic:Median 455(275-675)min,P<0.001].Incidence of R0 resection was similar(laparoscopic:84.6%vs robotic:76.2%,P=0.555).Overall complication rates,major morbidity rates and 30-d readmission rates were similar between la-paroscopic and robotic MVR.Interestingly,3-year OS(robotic 83.1%vs 58.6%,P=0.008)and RFS(robotic 72.9%vs 34.3%,P=0.002)was superior for robotic compared with laparoscopic MVR.CONCLUSION MiMVR had lower post-operative complications compared to oMVR.Robotic MVR was also safe,with acceptable post-operative complication rates.Prospective studies should be conducted to compare short-term and long-term outcomes between robotic vs laparoscopic MVR.

基于倾向性评分匹配的机器人与腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的短期疗效分析

目的:对比机器人与腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的短期临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2020年8月至2022年12月行机器人与腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的112例患者的临床资料。采用倾向评分匹配法对两组患者的临床资料进行1∶1匹配,两组各30例患者匹配成功,匹配后对比分析两组手术情况、术后恢复情况及术后30 d并发症。结果:匹配后两组患者临床资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。机器人组中1例中转腹腔镜手术,腹腔镜组无中转开腹。两组左结肠动脉保留、盆底腹膜关闭、环周切缘阳性率、远切缘距离、淋巴结清扫数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。机器人组预防性回肠造口率低于腹腔镜组,术中出血量少于腹腔镜组,吻合口加固缝合数量多于腹腔镜组,术后第1天C-反应蛋白水平低于腹腔镜组,总手术时间长于腹腔镜组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组首次排气时间、拔除尿管时间、肛管留置时间、首次进食时间、术后住院时间、术后30 d并发症差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:机器人全直肠系膜切除术可获得与腹腔镜手术相似的短期临床疗效,机器人手术时间更长,但具有组织损伤轻、术中出血少、回肠造口率低的优势。

MR多模态成像在直肠癌TN分期及手术方式选择中的应用

目的探讨MR多模态成像在直肠癌TN分期及手术方式选择中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2020年1月—2022年5月396例直肠癌患者的MR征象,以此进行术前TN分期并模拟制定手术方式,分析手术前后TN分期的准确性,并比较拟定手术方式与实际手术方式的一致性。结果MR多模态成像辅助术前拟定直肠癌T分期的符合率为90.15%,与术后病理结果的一致性较高(K=0.82,P<0.01),且对于T2~T4分期的诊断准确率较高;N分期的符合率为71.46%,与术后病理结果的一致性适中(K=0.53,P<0.01)。MR多模态成像辅助拟定手术方式的符合率为89.14%,与实际术式一致性较高(K=0.79,P<0.01),且对于直肠癌各种术式拟定的准确率均较高。结论MR多模态成像对直肠癌的术前TN分期以及手术方式的制定有较高的临床价值。

机器人直肠癌根治术后并发症Clavien-Dindo 分级及危险因素分析

目的:探讨达芬奇机器人直肠癌根治术后并发症的分级及影响术后并发症的危险因素。方法:回顾分析2012年3月至2022年12月接受机器人直肠癌根治术的923例患者的临床、病理资料及并发症情况,采用Clavien-Dindo系统对术后并发症进行分级评价,分析影响术后并发症的危险因素。结果:923例患者中143例出现术后并发症,并发症发生率为15.5%(143/923),其中术后严重并发症(Ⅲ级以上)发生率为6.4%,术后Ⅲ级以上吻合口漏(4.2%)为术后严重并发症最常见的原因。多因素分析结果显示,年龄>65岁是影响术后总体及系统并发症发生的独立危险因素,BMI>25 kg/m~2是影响术后总体、局部、严重并发症发生的独立危险因素,术者经验≤20例是影响术后局部及严重并发症发生的独立危险因素。结论:达芬奇机器人直肠癌根治术后并发症以Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级并发症为主。年龄、BMI、术者经验、肿瘤位置、合并症、术中出血量是影响术后并发症发生的主要独立危险因素。临床开展机器人直肠癌手术时应重点关注此类高危人群,积极防治并发症,降低术后并发症发生率。

Laparoscopic resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis without abdominal incisions

AIM:To assess laparoscopic radical resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis through transanal resection without abdominal incisions.METHODS:From March 2010 to June 2014, 30 patients(14 men and 16 women, aged 36-78 years, mean age 59.8 years) underwent laparoscopic radical resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis through anus-preserving transanal resection.The tumors were 5-7 cm away from the anal margin in 24 cases, and 4 cm in six cases.In preoperative assessment, there were 21 cases of T1N0M0 and nine of T2N0M0.Through the middle approach, the sigmoid mesentery was freed at the root with an ultrasonic scalpel and the roots of the inferior mesenteric artery and vein were dissected, clamped and cut.Following the total mesorectal excision principle, the rectum was separated until the anorectal ring reached 3-5 cm from the distal end of the tumor.For perineal surgery, a ring incision was made 2 cm above the dentate line, and sharp dissection was performed submucosally towards the superior direction, until the plane of the levator ani muscle, to transect the rectum.The rectum and distal sigmoid colon were removed together from the anus, followed by a telescopic anastomosis between the full thickness of the proximal colon and the mucosa and submucosal tissue of the rectum.RESULTS:For the present cohort of 30 cases,the mean operative time was 178 min,with an average of 13 positive lymph nodes detected.One case of postoperative anastomotic leak was observed,requiring temporary colostomy,which was closed and recovered3 mo later.The postoperative pathology showed T1-T2N0M0 in 19 cases and T2N1M0 in 11 cases.Twelve months after surgery,94.4%patients achieved anal function Kirwan grade 1,indicating that their analfunction returned to normal.The patients were followed up for 1-36 mo,with an average of 23 mo.There was no local recurrence,and 17 patients survived for>3years(with a survival rate of 100%).CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic radical resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis through transanal resection without abdominal incisions is safe and feasible.

Critical analysis of the literature investigating urogenital function preservation following robotic rectal cancer surgery

AIM To analyses the current literature regarding the urogenital functional outcomes of patients receiving robotic rectal cancer surgery. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases was performed in October 2015. The following search terms were applied: "rectal cancer" or "colorectal cancer" and robot* or "da Vinci" and sexual or urolog* or urinary or erect* or ejaculat* or impot* or incontinence. All original studies examining the urological and/or sexual outcomes of male and/or female patients receiving robotic rectal cancer surgery were included. Reference lists of all retrieved articles were manually searched for further relevant articles. Abstracts were independently searched by two authors. RESULTS Fifteen original studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 1338 patients were included; 818 received robotic, 498 laparoscopic and 22 open rectal cancer surgery. Only 726(54%) patients had their urogenital function assessed via means of validated functional questionnaires. From the included studies, three found that robotic rectal cancer surgery leads to quicker recovery of male urological function and five of male sexual function as compared to laparoscopic surgery. It is unclear whether robotic surgery offers favourable urogenital outcomes in the long run for males. In female patients only two studies assessed urological and threesexual function independently to that of males. In these studies there was no difference identified between patients receiving robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. However, in females the presented evidence was very limited making it impossible to draw any substantial conclusions. CONCLUSION There seems to be a trend towards earlier recovery of male urogenital function following robotic surgery. To evaluate this further, larger well designed studies are required.

Robotic surgery for rectal cancer: Current immediate clinical and oncological outcomes

Laparoscopic rectal surgery continues to be a challenging operation associated to a steep learning curve. Robotic surgical systems have dramatically changed minimally invasive surgery. Three-dimensional, magnified and stable view, articulated instruments, and reduction of physiologic tremors leading to superior dexterity and ergonomics. Therefore, robotic platforms could potentially address limitations of laparoscopic rectal surgery. It was aimed at reviewing current literature on short-term clinical and oncological(pathological) outcomes after robotic rectal cancer surgery in comparison with laparoscopic surgery. A systematic review was performed for the period 2002 to 2014. A total of 1776 patients with rectal cancer underwent minimally invasive robotic treatment in 32 studies. After robotic and laparoscopic approach to oncologic rectal surgery, respectively, mean operating time varied from 192-385 min, and from 158-297 min; mean estimated blood loss was between 33 and 283 mL, and between 127 and 300 mL; mean length of stay varied from 4-10 d; and from 6-15 d. Conversion after robotic rectal surgery varied from 0% to 9.4%, and from 0 to 22% after laparoscopy. There was no difference between robotic(0%-41.3%) and laparoscopic(5.5%-29.3%) surgery regarding morbidity and anastomotic complications(respectively, 0%-13.5%, and 0%-11.1%). Regarding immediate oncologic outcomes, respectively among robotic and laparoscopic cases, positive circumferential margins varied from 0% to 7.5%, and from 0% to 8.8%; the mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was between 10 and 20, and between 11 and 21; and the mean distal resection margin was from 0.8 to 4.7 cm, and from 1.9 to 4.5 cm. Robotic rectal cancer surgery is being undertaken by experienced surgeons. However, the quality of the assembled evidence does not support definite conclusions about most studies variables. Robotic rectal cancer surgery is associated to increased costs and operating time. It also seems to be associated to reduced conversion rates. Other short-term outcomes are comparable to conventional laparoscopy techniques, if not better. Ultimately, pathological data evaluation suggests that oncologic safety may be preserved after robotic total mesorectal excision. However, further studies are required to evaluate oncologic safety and functional results.

Preoperative rectal tumor embolization as an adjunctive tool for bloodless abdominoperineal excision:A case report

BACKGROUND Abdominoperineal excision(APE)-related hemorrhage can be challenging due to difficult access to pelvic organs and the risk of massive blood loss.The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the use of preoperative embolization(PE)as a strategy for blood preservation in a patient with a large low rectal tumor with a high risk of bleeding,scheduled for APE.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old man presented to our institution with a one-year history of anal bleeding and rectal tenesmus.The patient was diagnosed with bulky adenocarcinoma limited to the rectum.As the patient refused any clinical treatment,surgery without previous neoadjuvant chemoradiation was indicated.The patient underwent a tumor embolization procedure,two days before surgery performed via the right common femoral artery.The tumor was successfully devascularized and no major bleeding was noted during APE.Postoperative recovery was uneventful and a one-year follow-up showed no signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION Therapeutic tumor embolization may play a role in bloodless surgeries and increase surgical and oncologic prognoses.We describe a patient with a bulky low rectal tumor who successfully underwent preoperative embolization and bloodless abdominoperineal resection.

局部晚期/复发直肠癌行全盆腔脏器切除术的焦点和挑战

全盆腔脏器切除术(TPE)已成为治疗局部晚期/复发直肠癌的重要方式。随着手术技术的进步、围手术期管理水平的提高及多学科诊疗模式的开展,TPE在正确解剖入路的引导下提高了手术根治性、长期生存率并降低了再复发率。骨性骨盆(尤其是高位骶骨)和坐骨神经的切除有助于进一步提高R0切除率。由于切除了更多的盆腔器官和组织,TPE后空盆腔综合征发生率较高、处理棘手,生物补片和肌皮瓣重建盆底缺损可能有助于减少术后并发症。泌尿系统重建和血管重建是TPE手术的难点,选择合适的重建方式尤为重要。

两种拖出式超低位直肠癌保肛术疗效分析

目的探讨双吻合器法与免吻合器法两种拖出式超低位直肠癌保肛术的优缺点。方法 我院2004年8月—2009年8月行拖出式超低位直肠癌保肛术患者52例,随机分为双吻合器组和免吻合器组,对比分析两组患者术后并发症、术后肛门功能恢复情况、复发转移情况及住院费用。结果两组患者各有1例吻合口狭窄,经扩肛治疗后缓解,均无吻合口漏并发症发生。无吻合器组术后3个月肛门功能恢复优良患者较双吻合器组明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访1～6年,两组患者均无肿瘤局部复发及远处转移。无吻合器组住院费用较双吻合器组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论免吻合器较双吻合器拖出式超低位直肠癌保肛术更简单易行、安全可靠、经济实用,在严格掌握适应证的前提下,作为超低位直肠癌的一种保肛术式选则,更值得推广。

术前经直肠超声评估直肠癌手术方案的随机对照试验

目的探讨经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)术前评估对直肠癌手术方案选择的影响。方法纳入病理诊断为直肠癌且肿瘤下缘距齿状线≤10cm者110例,将患者根据电脑产生的随机序列随机分为A组和B组,每组各55例。A组患者术前行TRUS评估分期和Clinical Stage System(CS分期),B组患者术前只行CS分期。记录术前TRUS分期、CS分期和预计手术方案,与术后病理分期和实际手术方案进行比较。结果本研究纳入研究病例99例,A组49例,B组50例,两组基线差异无统计学意义。A组行TRUS分期的准确度为91.8%,B组行CS分期的准确度为48.0%,二者差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。A组术前预测手术方案的准确度为93.9%,B组为76.0%,二者差异也有统计学意义(P=0.013)。结论TRUS评估直肠癌术前分期的准确性明显高于CS分期,运用TRUS进行术前评估可以使术前预估直肠癌手术方案的准确性明显提高,TRUS在直肠癌术前评估中具有较高的临床应用价值。

早期中低位直肠癌经肛门切除的疗效分析

目的:探讨早期中低位直肠癌经肛门局部切除术的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2012年至2015年期间我院收治的112例早期中低位直肠癌患者,分为经肛门局部切除组(n=52)和根治性切除组(n=60)。术后标本行常规免疫组化病理检测,同时对比两组患者的各种临床病理特征。结果 :两组患者肿瘤大小、肿瘤距肛缘距离比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后住院天数、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率及手术时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:早期中低位直肠癌经肛门切除与根治性手术比较治疗效果相当,但操作更简便易行,创伤小,恢复快、并发症少、术后生活质量高,具有一定优势,特别是内镜切割吻合器的联合应用,使得该术式更简便易行,在具有适应征患者中可以推广。

低位直肠癌前切除术后肛门直肠功能研究进展

低位直肠癌前切除术+全系膜切除(totalmesorectalexcision,TME)+保留植物神经(autonomicnervepreservation,ANP)已成为外科治疗低位直肠癌的常规术式,低位直肠癌的外科治疗越来越倾向于在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下尽量保留肛门,但保留肛门后患者肛门直肠功能常常并不令人满意。许多学者从肛肠动力学角度探讨了前切除术后综合征的发生机制及改善前切除术后肛门直肠功能的方法。前切除术后综合征的发生与新建直肠的容量、顺应性改变、肛门内外括约肌功能损伤内括约肌神经反射通路损伤、及排便感觉等病理生理机制有关。针对以上前切除术后的病理生理改变,许多学者提出了一系列方法来改善前切除术后的肛门直肠功能,包括术中保留植物神经、保留耻骨直肠肌及肛门直肠角重建以及增加新建直肠的容量。目前的研究表明,通过手术方式的改进在一定程度上可改善直肠前切除术后肛门直肠功能。

手术联合术前、术后放疗治疗直肠癌临床研究

目的:观察直肠癌手术联合术前、术后放疗的"三明治"疗法的临床疗效.方法:"三明治"疗法92例(A组),术前给予快速超分割照疗,DT15Gy/6f/3d后手术,术后根据病理推量照射,DT35～40Gy/3.5～4W;手术加术后放疗组98例(B组),Miles术后行常规盆腔照射DT50Gy/25f/5W;单纯Miles手术70例(C组).结果:随访率96.4%.局部复发率A组5.4%(5/92),B组16.3%(16/98),C组64.3%(45/70),差异有显著性(P<0.05);远处转移率:A组6.5%(6/92),B组28.6%(28/98),C组31.4%(22/70)(P<0.01).3a生存率:A组86.9%(80/92),B组62.2%(61/98),C组51.4%(36/70)(P<0.01);5a生存率:A组68.5%(64/92),B组54.1%(54/98),C组41.4%(29/70)(P<0.05).A组、B组Ⅰ,Ⅱ级放射性肠炎发生率分别为7.6%(7/92)和6.1%(6/98)(P>0.05).结论:手术加术前、术后放疗的"三明治"疗法能降低Ⅱ,Ⅲ期直肠癌的局部复发率,提高3,5a生存率.

直肠癌手术并发症的处理

目的 :探讨直肠癌手术并发症发生的原因、预防措施及处理方法。方法 :回顾性总结分析 1983～ 2 0 0 2年间 9例直肠癌手术并发症的临床资料。Miles手术并发症 7例 ,直肠前切除 2例 ;并发症包括吻合口漏 1例 ,人工肛门狭窄 2例 ,尿道损伤 2例 ,盆底腹膜裂孔疝 3例 ,骶前静脉丛出血 1例。结果 :盆底腹膜裂孔疝、吻合口漏、1例人工肛门狭窄经再次手术痊愈 ,尿道损伤修补后发生尿瘘 ,骶前静脉丛出血用ZT胶粘堵控制出血。结论 :直肠癌手术并发症重在预防 ,及时有效地处理这些并发症也很关键。

套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术治疗中低位直肠癌208例报告

目的 探讨套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术式治疗中低位直肠癌的临床疗效。方法 对208例中低位直肠癌行套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术式经腹肛门根治性切除病例进行回顾性分析。208例中男131例，女77例，年龄21～99岁，平均53．7岁。肿瘤下缘距齿状线6～8cm。Dukes分期A期76例，B期122例，C期10例。病理诊断直肠腺癌201例，其中高分化者86例，中分化者100例，低分化者8例，黏液腺癌7例。腺瘤癌变7例。结果 208例术后随访率为87．5％（182／208），中位随访时间5．9年。术后发生吻合口瘘8例（3．8％），吻合口狭窄3例（1．4％），排便功能在术后12～24周时基本恢复到正常，每日1～3次。术后局部复发率为4．9％（9／182），肝转移率为14．2％（26／182），5年生存率为72．5％。结论 套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术式既能保持良好的肛门排便控制功能，又能降低吻合口瘘发生率，局部复发率和5年生存率与Miles手术相同，是一种安全有效的保肛术式。

经肛门内镜微创手术治疗直肠肿瘤

目的:比较相同适应证下经肛门内镜微创手术(transanal endoscopic microsurgery,TEM)和传统手术治疗直肠肿瘤的效果。方法:回顾分析63例直肠原发距肛缘4cm以上的良性肿瘤和T2期前恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。2005年3月至2007年3月为34例患者行传统手术,包括经肛门局部切除术、Kraske术、Dixon术;2007年3月至2009年3月为29例患者行TEM手术。结果:两组患者年龄、性别、疾病种类和肿瘤分期具有可比性,TEM组和传统手术组肿瘤直径(2.4cm vs.2.35cm,P=0.983)和肿瘤距肛门距离(8.0cm vs.7.0cm,P=0.296)差异无统计学意义。TEM组手术时间(58min vs.77.5min,P=0.044)、出血量(10ml vs.80ml,P<0.001)、术后进食时间(1d vs.2d,P<0.001)、术后住院时间(3d vs.5d,P<0.001)和应用止痛药(0mg vs.10mg,P<0.001)等方面优于传统手术组。两组短期并发症(2 vs.7,P=0.235)差异无统计学意义;TEM组在17个月的中位随访过程中未发现肿瘤复发,传统手术组中位随访40个月,2例(5.9%)复发。两组均无肿瘤相关死亡病例。结论:在把握适应证的前提下,TEM是治疗直肠肿瘤的有效方法。同传统手术相比,TEM具有患者创伤轻、住院时间短和并发症少等优点。

腹腔镜辅助直肠全系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌76例回顾性分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助直肠全系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌的可行性及临床疗效。方法 选取 1 998年 2月～ 2 0 0 3年 6月本院行腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术的低位或超低位直肠癌病人 ,收集手术、术后病理学结果及术后并发症和恢复情况的临床资料 ,进行分析和讨论。结果 共有 76例接受腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术。平均手术时间为 1 78.6± 4 9.9min(90～ 35 0min) ,术中平均出血量为 77.4ml(1 0～ 6 0 0ml) ,术后平均住院天数为 1 7.7± 1 2 .0d(6～ 6 7d) ,肠道功能恢复的时间平均为2 .8d。肿块距下切端平均为 3.35 2± 1 .0 6 2cm(2 .0～ 5 .0cm )。术后并发症发生率为 1 8.4 %。无手术死亡率。中转开腹手术 7例 (9.2 1 % )。总保肛率为 6 3.1 6 %。结论 腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术能够达到和符合TME的原则 ,治疗低位。

直肠癌术前经直肠超声评估保肛或非保肛手术方案的临床前瞻性研究

目的探讨直肠癌术前应用经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)评估对于预测保肛与非保肛手术方案选择的价值。方法纳入病理诊断为直肠癌且肿瘤下缘距齿状线≤10cm者49例,记录术前TRUS分期和预计手术方案,与术后病理分期和实际手术方案进行比较。结果TRUS术前评估得到uT分期准确度为91.8%,uN分期准确度为51.2%。Logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤厚度(以13mm为分界点)为保肛手术方案的危险因素(回归系数=2.784,P=0.013)。当同时满足肿瘤厚度≥13mm和uT4期时,行非保肛手术的可能性为41.7%;而当TRUS提示肿瘤厚度<13mm时能成功实施保肛手术的可能性为96.0%。结论运用TRUS对直肠癌患者行术前评估,可以得到肿瘤厚度和uT分期2个影响手术方案的客观指标,为临床医师预测保肛或非保肛手术方案提供依据。

全直肠系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌疗效观察

目的探讨全直肠系膜切除术(TME)对低位直肠癌的治疗价值。方法1 1 9例直肠癌患者,肿瘤距肛缘均在8 cm以内。5 4例应用传统手术方法治疗(传统组),6 5例应用TME治疗(TME组)。对两组患者的平均手术时间、术中失血量、住院天数和局部复发率进行比较。结果TME组平均手术时间为1 1 8m in,术中失血量1 0 0mL,而传统组则为1 8 2m in,3 4 0mL,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.0 5);两组局部复发率分别为9.2 3%和3 5.1 8%(P<0.0 1)。住院天数无明显差异。结论应用TME治疗低位直肠癌,手术时间短,出血少,局部复发率低,是治疗低位直肠癌的首选术式。