Late course three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma

Objective： The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical results and acute side effects of late course three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （3DCRT） for esophageal carcinoma. Methods： From January 2004 to October 2006, 70 patients with esophageal carcinoma received late course 3DCRT. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. The short-term clinical results, acute side effects, local control rates and survival rates were evaluated. Results： The complete response rate was 62.9%, partial response rate was 35.7%, and the overall response rate was 98.6%. The 1-, 2-and 3-year local control rates were 77.1%, 51.4% and 45.7%, respectively. The 1-, 2-and 3-year overall survival rates were 75.7%, 54.3% and 38.6%, respectively. The median survival time was 26 months. Conclusion： The technique of late course 3DCRT is an effective treatment for esophageal carcinoma and tend to improve the overall survival rate.

Dosimetric study of five-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy compared with conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for rectal cancer

Objective： The aim of the study was to compare the difference of dose distribution in clinical target volume and organ at risk （OAR） between five-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT） and conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （3DCRT） in the radiotherapy of rectal cancer. Methods： Fifteen patients with rectal cancer treated with radio- therapy （RT） were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, seven received RT preoperatively and 8 postoperatively. The target volume and the OARs such as the small bowel, bladder and femoral heads were contoured for each patient. 3DCRT-plan and IMRT-plan were performed for each patient respectively, with the prescribed dose covering at least 95% of the planning target volume （PTV）. The conformity index （CI） and homogeneity index （HI） were used for evaluation of the dose distribution in the target volume, and the Dx% （the lowest dose to the x% volume of the OARs that received the highest dose of irradiation） and the mean dose were used for evaluation of the dose to OARs. Paired-T test was used for companson of the difference between the two plans. Results： In the IMRT-plan and 3DCRT-plan, the CI were 0.94 and 0.87 （P = 0.000） and the HI were 1.13 and 1.17, respectively （P = 0.001）. For small bowel, the D30%, D50% and the mean dose were 19.67 Gy, 15.13 Gy and 18.81 Gy in the IMRT-plan and 25.20 Gy, 22.20 Gy and 22.89 Gy in the 3DCRT-plan, respectively （P 〈 0.001 for all pairs of parameters）. For bladder, the D30%, D50%, and the mean dose were 24.80 Gy, 34.20 Gy and 28.70 Gy in the IMRT- plan, and 35.07 Gy, 44.67 Gy and 35.68 Gy in the 3DCRT-plan, respectively （P 〈 0.001 for all pairs of parameters）. For femoral heads, the D5% in the IMRT-plan and 3DCRT-plan were 40.6 Gy and 40.47 Gy, respectively （P = 0.936）, and the mean dose were 30.14 Gy and 25.57 Gy, respectively （P = 0.001）. Conclusion： Five-field IMRT-plan is better than 3DCRT-plan in the conformity and the dose homogeneity within target volume and also better in sparing the small bowel and bladder.

Evaluation of whole-course three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with late-course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma patients

Objective： The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of whole-course three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （3DCRT） combined with late-course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy （LCAFR） on patients with esophageal carcinoma. Methods： one hundred and one patients with esophageal carcinoma were divided into two groups. Observing group （49 cases） were treated by whole-course 3DCRT. Patients in control group （52 cases） were treated by conventional radiotherapy. Clinical efficiencies and radiation toxicities were compared between two groups. Results： The side effects including radiation esophagitis （63.2%） and tracheitis （49.0%） decreased in observing group, but there was no significant difference between two groups （69.2% and 55.7% in controls）. The 1-, 2-and 3-year tumor local control rates and overall survival rates in the observing group were significantly improved compared with the control group, being respectively 87.8%, 75.5%, 63.3% vs 71.2%, 55.8%, 42.3% and 85.7%, 71.4%, 46.7% vs 69.2%, 51.9%, 26.9% （all P 0.05）. Conclusion： The therapeutic effect of whole-course 3DCRT combined with LCAFR for esophageal carcinomas is superior to conventional radiotherapy.

Initial outcome of induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and concurrent weekly paclitaxel for stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer

Objective： The aim of our study was to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of induction chemotherapy （ICT） followed by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （3D CRT） and concurrent weekly paclitaxel on unresectable non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Stage III NSCLC patients with favorable conditions were treated with 2 to 4 cycles of carboplatin （AUC = 5-6, dl） combined with paclitaxel （175 mg/m〈 dl）, then followed by weekly paclitaxel （40 mg/m2） and concurrent 3D CRT within 3-4 weeks. The prescription dose was given as high as possible under the condition that V20 〈 31% and spinal cord dose 〈 50 Gy. Results： Thirty-one patients were enrolled. ICT was well tolerated. During the concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the treatment of 3 patients was ended ahead of the schedule because of severe pulmonary and heart toxicities; the treatment of 2 patients was delayed for 7 and 12 days because of fatigue. Myelosuppression was mild （16/31）： all were grade 1-2 except 1 was grade 3. Lymphocytopenia was more obvious （29/31, grade 3 in 21）. Three patients developed grade 3 radiation-induced esophagitis, and 2 developed grades 3-4 radiation-induced pneumonitis. Two developed grade 3 esophageal stricture. No grades 3-4 pulmonary fibrosis was observed. The overall response rate was 74.1%. The 1-, 2-, 3-year overall survival rates were 74.2%, 41.9%, and 34.6%, respectively, with the median survival time of 18.5 months. The 1-, 2-, 3-year local progression-freely survival rates were 64.5%, 32.3%, and 20.5%, respectively, with the median local progression-freely survival time of 14.3 months. Conclusion： The program of ICT followed by weekly paclitaxel and 3D CRT is accomplished in most of the favorable stage III NSCLC patients. The toxicity is tolerable, and the response rate is inspiriting.

缓释化疗粒子与三维适形放疗治疗晚期直肠癌的疗效比较

目的比较5-FU化疗粒子与三维适行放疗治疗晚期直肠癌的疗效。方法将84例晚期直肠癌患者随机等分为两组,A组行5-FU化疗粒子植入术;B组行三维适形放疗,分别观察1年生存率、并发症发生率及有效率。结果 (1)两组1年生存率分别为57.16%、45.83%;A组生存率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.29;P<0.05);(2)两组并发症发生率分别为14.29%、28.57%,A组并发症发生率低于B组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.81;P<0.05);(3)两组治疗后有效率分别为88.09%、76.19%,A组有效率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.42;P<0.05)。结论 5-FU化疗粒子植入术治疗晚期直肠癌疗效较好。

局部进展期直肠癌术前3DCRT或VMAT同期化疗后肠壁残余癌细胞分布比较

目的 比较术前3DCRT或VMAT＋化疗后肠壁各层残余癌细胞（RCC）分布,明确不同放疗技术对其分布影响。方法 收集2007—2013年中山大学肿瘤防治中心诊治、行术前3DCRT （46 Gy分23次）或VMAT （50 Gy分25次）＋同期化疗及手术的局部进展期直肠癌334例,其中3DCRT 172例、VMAT 162例。两组临床Ⅱ、Ⅲ期构成相似。对所有手术标本肠壁各层RCC行病理评价。组间率差异比较采用χ^2检验或Fisher′s精确概率法。结果 术后两组各ypT、ypN、ypTNM分期均相近（P均〉0.05）。226例ypT2-4期患者黏膜层、黏膜下层、固有肌层、浆膜层或外膜层所含RCC比例分别为34.1%、43.8%、73.5%、69.0%。ypT2-4、pN （＋）、cN （＋）、cT4期3DCRT组黏膜层及黏膜下层RCC比例均高于VMAT组[47.9%∶18.1%、54.5%∶17.2%、39.8%%∶15.3%、41.3%∶14.3%（P=0.000,0.001,0.000,0.000）及50.4%∶36.2%、56.8%∶27.6%、43.0%∶26.6%、45.3%∶27.5%（P=0.032,0.014,0.006,0.017）];pN0、cT3期3DCRT组黏膜层RCC比例高于VMAT组（28.1%∶12.9%、29.5%∶13.2%,P=0.002、0.015）;两组间固有肌层、浆膜层或外膜层RCC比例在ypT2-4、pN0或pN （＋）、cT3或cT4、cN0或cN （＋）期差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。