Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerate nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury

Medialization thyroplasty or injection laryngoplasty for unilateral vocal fold paralysis cannot restore mobility of the vocal fold. Recent studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells is effective in the repair of nerve injuries. This study investigated wheth- er adipose-derived stem celt transplantation could repair recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Rat models of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were established by crushing with micro forceps. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells （ADSCs; 8 ×105） or differentiated Schwann-like adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells （dADSCs; 8×105） or extracellular matrix were injected at the site of injury. At 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-surgery, a higher density of myelinated nerve fiber, thicker myelin sheath, improved vocal fold movement, better recovery of nerve conduction capacity and reduced thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy were found in ADSCs and dADSCs groups compared with the extracellu- lar matrix group. The effects were more pronounced in the ADSCs group than in the dADSCs group. These experimental results indicated that ADSCs transplantation could be an early interventional strategy to promote regeneration after recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.

Schwannoma originating from the recurrent laryngeal nerve in a thyroid cancer patient: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Schwannoma rarely originates from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and there are few reports on schwannoma originating from the recurrent nerve in the mediastinum. Herein, we present an extremely rare case of schwannoma originating from the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck.CASE SUMMARY This is a case report of one patient diagnosed with thyroid cancer with schwannoma originating from the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck, which was incidentally found during a thyroidectomy, and a review of the literature.CONCLUSION Preoperative diagnostic examinations are of less use for detecting schwannoma originating from a recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck in such small size, which may only incidentally be found during a thyroidectomy. Surgical excision with opening the capsule and shelling out the tumor is the treatment of choice. If the nerve is unable to be preserved, end-to-end recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis may be a simple and minimally invasive reconstruction procedure to improve phonation.

Applied anatomy of the cervical region of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE： To avoid recurrent laryngeal nerve （RLN） injury during thyroid surgery, it is important to identify the nerve and to follow its projection carefully to discriminate it from the inferior thyroid artery. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： All studies were performed at the Anatomy Division of Shaoyang Medical College from May 2003 to May 2004 with repeated measurement design. MATERIALS： Fifty embalmed adult corpses, comprising 20 females and 30 males, were obtained by donation. METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The projection, branches, and the relationship of the RLN to the inferior thyroid artery were observed. RESULTS： The RLN in all cases ascended through the tracheoesophageal groove at the isthmus superior levels of the thyroid gland. However, the RLN in 14 cases were situated inferior to the isthmus of the thyroid gland; 11 cases were to the right side and 2 cases to the left side, projected in the tracheoesophageal groove, and ascended away from the groove after 4.5-6.5 mm. The RLN typically ramified at the thyroid isthmus plane （44 cases, 44% of all cases）. The RLN branches were variable. Type 2 rami were most common in the RLN, accounting for 55%; the second most common was RLN branches with no rami. RLN braches with type 3 rami, 4 rami, and 5 rami were less common. Approximately 54% of nerves were situated behind the main branch artery. The nerves located adjacent to the arteries, and between the arterial branches, were similar; the former applied to 19 cases, accounting for 19%, whereas the latter applied to 18 cases, accounting for 18%. Left nerves behind the artery, and right nerves before the artery, were more common. There were significant differences between the left and right nerves （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： There was not a significant difference in the projection of the RLN, while a significant difference in the number of RLN branches existed. In addition, the anatomical relationship of the RLN and the inferior thyroid artery exhibited side differences.

Anatomical Variations of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: The Danger in Thyroid Surgery

Objectives: We report two types of anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in two patients. Through these two patients we wanted to highlight our surgical approach of the recurrent nerve in an unusual position and to describe the surgical implication of these almost rare variations. Case report: patient aged 28 and 58 admitted for goiter. They underwent a right lobisthmectomy. Both recurrences were approached retrograde. The anatomical variations of the nerve concerned the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve in the first patient. In the second patient there were three anatomical variations, namely an extra laryngeal bifurcation of the nerve, a pre-vascular position of the nerve and a branch connecting the vagus nerve and the recurrent nerve. No recurrence nerve injury was noted. Conclusion: The anatomical variations of the nerve are numerous. A careful dissection is a guarantee of a good prognosis.

Electrophysiological neuromonitoring of the laryngeal nerves in thyroid and parathyroid surgery: A review

Recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) injury is one of the most common complications of thyroid surgery. Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is less obvious and affects the voice variably; however, it can be of great significance to professional voice users. Recent literature has led to an increase in the use of neuromonitoring as an adjunct to visual nerve identification during thyroid surgery. In our review of the literature, we discuss the application, efficacy and safety of neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery. Although intraoperative neuromonitoring(IONM) contributes to the prevention of laryngeal nerves injury, there was no significant difference in the incidence of RLN injury in thyroid surgery when IONM was used compared with visual identification alone. IONM use is recommended in high risk patients; however, there are no clear identification criteria for what constitutes "high risk". There is no clear evidence that IONM decreases the risk of laryngeal nerve injury in thyroid surgery. However, continuous IONM provides a promising tool that can prevent imminent nerve traction injury by detecting decreased amplitude combined with increased latency.

Surgical Reports of the Inferior Laryngeal Nerve and the Inferior Thyroid Artery in General Surgery and in ENT

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of the hurts of the inferior laryngeal nerve, according to its anatomical reports with the inferior thyroid artery during the thyroid surgery. Methodology: We realized a forward-looking and retrospective study from January, 1979 till December, 2017 in the service of surgery “B” to the University hospital of the Point G of Bamako and in the service of ENT and cervico-facial surgery of the Teaching Hospital “Mother-Child”, the Luxembourg of Bamako (Mali). All the patients operated in both services for mild goiters were retained. Cancers and other thyroid pathologies were not included. The diagnosis of mild goiter was paused by the histological examination realized on all the surgical specimens. Results: On 2109 dissections of the inferior laryngeal nerve realized during the surgical operations on the thyroid, the frequency of lesion of the inferior laryngeal nerve was 1.09% (20 cases) when it passed dorsally with regard to the inferior thyroid artery (1837 cases) and when 4.04%, it was transvascular or prevascular (272 cases). Conclusion: The prevascular route or transvascular of the inferior laryngeal nerve favors its lesion per operating.

External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve: Anatomy and Operating Hurts

Purpose: Our purpose was to describe the anatomy of the external branch of the upper laryngeal nerve and to estimate the frequency of nerves at risk during the total thyroidectomies sub. Methodology: We realized in the CHU Point G in Bamako a forward-looking study over a period going from September 1st, 2016 till December 31st, 2017. All the patients operated by thyroidectomies subtotals for mild goiters were included to whom a systematic location of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in the space avascular of Reeve was realized. Cancers and other thyroid pathologies were not included. Results: We counted and operated 120 cases of mild goiters. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was seen and dissected in 80.8%;it was not seen in 19.2%. According to the classification of Cernea: the type 2 was found in 80.8% of the cases with him under typical 2b in 47.5% and under type 2a in 40 (33.3%). The global frequency of lesion of the external branch of the upper laryngeal nerve was 10.8% at 9 patients among whom 6 who presented a BENLS of Type Ni. Conclusion: The external branch of the upper laryngeal nerve of type 2 presents a risk of wound because the surgeon treats the upper pedicle at the level of the critical centimeter place over the upper pole of the thyroid. The identification of the nerve during the thyroid surgery is the solution of choice.

Premature Division of the Inferior Laryngeal Nerve in Surgery and in ENT and Cervico-Facial Surgery in Mali

The purpose of this study was to study the frequency of premature division of the inferior laryngeal nerve and its consequences in thyroid surgery. Methodology: We realized a forward-looking and retrospective study from January, 1979 till December, 2017 in the service of surgery B to the University hospital of the Point G of Bamako and in the service of ENT and cervico-facial surgery of the CHU “mother-child”, the Luxembourg of Bamako (Mali). All the patients operated in both services for mild goiters were included. Cancers and other thyroid pathologies were not included. The diagnosis of mild goiter was paused by the histological examination realized on all the surgical specimens. Results: On 2109 dissections of the lower laryngeal nerve realized during the surgical operations on the thyroid 95.1% of the cases, the nerve had a single branch;in 4.1% of the cases, the nerve had two branches;and in 0.8% of the cases, the nerve had more than 2 branches. Conclusion: The complications of the thyroid surgery in touch with the hurts of the lower laryngeal nerve are known. However, our study shows that these do not seem to be influenced by the premature division of the lower laryngeal nerve.

Anatomical Dissection of the External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve to the Laboratory of Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine of Bamako(Mali)

Aim: This study aimed at describing the anatomical variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and at estimating the frequency of nerves at risk during the thyroid surgery. Methodology: We realized a forward-looking study from September, 2016 in May 31st, 2018 in the laboratory of anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako in Mali. All the fresh anatomical subjects not carrying trauma and or a scar at the level of the previous region of the neck were held. The anatomical subjects were not included presenting a traumatic lesion and\or a scar of the previous region of the neck. Results: We realized 34 dissections of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve to 17 deathly subjects (11 men and 6 women with a sex-ratio of 1.8). The average age of the subjects was of 42 years (extremes: 18 and 70 years). Our study allowed highlighting in 100% of the cases, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the superior thyroid artery so to the right as to the left. On 34 dissected external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, none had a previous route. However we found 28 nerves (82.4%) having a later route, stuck to the external face of the lower constrictor of the pharynx. These were not mixed with the superior thyroid artery and its branch of division and were situated outside the thyroid capsule. In 17.6% of the cases (6 cases), the nerve had a route mixed in the branch of the superior thyroid artery. These were found inside of the capsule (11.8% adhered to the artery and 5.8% crossed its branch of division). Conclusion: The risk of injury of the external laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery procedure is never zero. It is more important on the left side.

T4a期甲状腺癌外科治疗的临床经验报告

目的分析T4a期甲状腺癌的临床特点及外科治疗策略。方法回顾性纳入2004年1月至2021年5月间在四川省肿瘤医院头颈外科住院手术的甲状腺恶性肿瘤患者,共计纳入T4a的甲状腺癌病例303例,分析患者的病理分型、受侵器官、手术方式、生存时间等。分析患者的总生存率,使用Kaplan Meier法分析患者术后生存曲线。结果在入组的303例患者中,共计53例患者失访,1年总生存率为98.4%(246/250),3年总生存率为97.0%(224/231),5年总生存率为90.2%(92/102)。其中喉返神经单独受侵94例,失访13例,1年总生存率为100%(81/81),3年总生存率为98.7%(77/78),5年总生存率为97.4%(38/39)。喉返神经合并气管/喉/食道受侵151例,失访31例,1年总生存率为96.7%(116/120),3年总生存率为95.3%(101/106),5年总生存率为82.2%(37/45)。在生存曲线分析中,喉返神经单独受侵组较喉返神经合并气管、喉或食道等器官受侵组在总生存时间上存在优势。结论T4a期甲状腺癌如果有手术机会,应该首选手术切除,通过合理的手术策略,根治性手术的同时重视重要组织器官的一期修复重建,患者可获得较好的生活质量和预后。

经颈超声检查评估咽喉部手术患者声带运动异常的价值

目的探讨经颈超声检查评估咽喉部手术患者声带运动异常的应用价值。方法选取2021年1月至2023年12月在海南省人民医院行甲状腺或咽喉部手术的49例患者纳入研究,所有患者术前及甲状腺患者术后均行喉镜及颈部超声检查声带运动情况,以喉镜评估声带运动为金标准,比较经颈超声与喉镜检查在评估声带运动方面有无差异。结果49例患者中行甲状腺肿瘤手术34例,术前超声检查显示声带区28例,超声与喉镜检查声带运动均正常。术后喉镜及超声检查均发现2例患者一侧声带固定,另喉镜提示1例患者一侧声带运动减弱,超声检查无阳性发现。喉部手术患者15例,均为喉癌;超声显示声带区结构的12例患者术前喉镜提示9例一侧声带固定,超声均正确诊断;另超声提示2例气道狭窄,声带运动减弱,因气道狭窄喉镜检查无法窥探至声带平面。将40例超声及喉镜均可显示声带区患者的声带运动情况进行比较,两者具有高度的一致性(Kappa值=0.826,P<0.001)。结论经颈超声检查作为一种非侵入式检查手段对部分患者声带运动情况的评估结果与喉镜检查结果具有高度的一致性,且简便易行,患者无需特殊准备,检查过程无痛苦,具有临床应用价值。

局部晚期分化型甲状腺癌累及喉神经临床特征及复发因素分析

目的探讨局部晚期分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)累及喉神经患者超声指标[收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)]、客观声学指标等临床特征及术后复发的危险因素。方法回顾性选取2020年3月~2022年3月在我院治疗的累及喉神经的80例局部晚期DTC患者资料,另选取80例未累及喉神经的局部晚期DTC患者资料,对超声指标、客观声学指标进行比较。所有患者均采用甲状腺癌根治术治疗,并在术后随访24个月,根据是否复发分为复发组和未复发组。采用单因素及二元Logistic回归分析术后复发的危险因素。结果超声指标显示累及喉神经的局部晚期DTC患者PSV值和RI值显著高于未累及喉神经患者。客观声学指标显示累及喉神经组的F0在男性患者及女性患者中均较低,Jitter值和Shimmer值均较高,MPT显著较短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访期间患者均存活,累及喉神经的患者中9例复发,二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、肿瘤直径、术前声带麻痹、喉、气管及食管侵犯、术前淋巴结转移是术后复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄≥55岁、肿瘤直径≥4cm、术前淋巴结转移、喉气管及食管侵犯、术前声带麻痹是累及喉神经的局部晚期DTC患者术后复发的危险因素,术前超声指标及客观声学指标等可以为评估喉神经功能状态提供重要的参考信息。

甲状腺全切除术对甲状腺癌患者术后并发症及复发率的影响

目的分析甲状腺全切除术对甲状腺癌患者术后并发症及复发率的影响。方法将我院2020年1月至2022年11月收治的70例甲状腺癌患者纳入本次研究,所有患者均予以甲状腺全切除术治疗。统计患者的手术疗效、手术指标、术后并发症发生情况、复发率、甲状腺功能指标及生化指标。结果患者的治疗总有效率为97.14%(68/70);患者的平均手术时长、术中出血量、住院时长分别为(91.01±10.12)min、(235.24±32.17)mL、(17.14±2.42)d;并发症总发生率为7.14%;1年内的复发率为1.43%(1/70)。术后,患者的促甲状腺激素(TSH)、三碘甲状原氨酸(T_(3))、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_(4))、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、25-羟维生素D(25-OHD)、癌胚抗原(CEA)及鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)水平显著低于术前,游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT_(3))、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT_(4))水平显著高于术前(P<0.05)。结论甲状腺癌患者行甲状腺全切除术治疗具有较高病灶切除率,且复发率较低,但对喉返神经损伤较大,术后并发症较高,在临床应用中可根据患者具体情况选择。

甲状腺全切术治疗对DTC患者炎性反应、神经营养因子的影响及其与喉返神经损伤的相关性

目的:探究甲状腺全切术治疗对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者炎性反应、神经营养因子的影响及其与喉返神经(RLN)损伤的相关性。方法:选取285例DTC患者为研究对象。所有患者均行甲状腺全切术治疗。记录患者围术期指标、RLN损伤情况。比较患者术前、术后12、24 h及3、7、30 d的炎性反应指标[白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)]、神经营养因子[脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经生长因子(NGF)]水平,同时比较有无RLN损伤患者术后12 h的上述指标水平。采用Pearson法分析炎性反应指标、神经营养因子水平之间的相关性。结果:手术时间(88.35±7.64)min;术中出血量(23.24±6.98)mL;术后引流量(97.41±14.23)mL;术后住院时间(7.56±3.54)d。患者IL-6、CRP及TNF-α水平均随时间发展而呈先升高后降低的趋势(P<0.05)。患者BDNF、NGF水平均随时间发展而呈先降低后升高的趋势(P<0.05)。患者RLN损伤发生率为13.68%。RLN损伤组术后12 h的IL-6、CRP及TNF-α水平高于无RLN损伤组(P<0.05),BDNF、NGF水平低于无RLN损伤组(P<0.05)。RLN损伤组患者IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均随时间发展而呈先升高后降低的趋势(P<0.05),而BDNF、NGF水平均随时间发展而呈先降低后升高的趋势(P<0.05)。IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平之间及BDNF、NGF之间均呈正相关关系(P<0.05),IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平与BDNF、NGF水平均呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:甲状腺全切术治疗DTC患者具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后恢复快的优点,对炎性反应、神经营养因子的影响较为轻微;但该手术会引起一定的RLN损伤,且炎性反应和神经营养因子均与RLN损伤有密切联系。

经皮针状电极在甲状腺术中喉返神经监测的研究

目的比较经皮针状电极和经口插管表面电极用于甲状腺术中神经监测的异同,并探讨在不适合经口插管或表面电极故障时,如何识别和保护喉返神经和迷走神经。方法收集并分析32例因甲状腺疾病接受手术治疗患者的临床资料,共计监测喉返神经和迷走神经各40侧,分别使用经口插管表面电极及经皮针状电极对神经进行监测,记录所获取的振幅及潜伏期。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,采用配对t检验对潜伏期进行分析比较,采用秩和检验分析经皮针状电极与经口插管表面电极刺激所得振幅是否有差异。结果经皮针状电极用于甲状腺术中神经监测时,所有神经均被识别并获得与经口插管表面电极潜伏期和振幅相似的双相肌电信号,并可通过潜伏期有效鉴别喉返神经和迷走神经[(3.22±0.50)ms vs.(3.85±1.00)ms,P<0.05],与经口插管表面电极的监测效果[(3.04±0.58)ms vs.(3.89±1.07)ms,P<0.05]无明显差异;同时,经皮针状电极可视化操作度及安全性都更高,具有很大优势。结论经皮针状电极可有效辅助识别并保护喉返神经和迷走神经,是经口插管表面电极的重要补充。

纳米碳技术在清扫cN0期PTMC喉返神经区域淋巴结中的应用价值研究

目的 研究使用纳米碳技术清扫cN0期甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)喉返神经(RLN)区域淋巴结的临床价值。方法 108例cN0期PTMC患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组54例。观察组在清扫RLN后方淋巴结术前于甲状腺内注射0.2~0.3 ml纳米碳混悬液,对照组不注射纳米碳悬浮液。手术采用患侧甲状腺腺叶、峡部切除+患侧中央区淋巴结清扫方法;双侧PTMC患者,则采用甲状腺全切除+双颈中央区淋巴结清扫方法 ,部分侧颈淋巴结出现转移者加行侧颈淋巴结清扫术。比较两组手术时间和术中出血量,手术前后血钙(Ca)、血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平,术后声音嘶哑、暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下、低血钙等并发症发生情况,平均淋巴结检出数、阳性淋巴结检出数及甲状旁腺误切、RLN损伤情况。结果 两组手术时间和术中出血量比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。术前,两组血Ca、血清PTH水平比较无显著差异(P>0.05);术后1 d,观察组血Ca、血清PTH水平分别为(2.28±0.09)mmol/L、(31.02±10.97)ng/L,高于对照组的(2.21±0.10)mmol/L、(26.59±11.48)ng/L,有显著差异(P<0.05);术后1个月,两组血Ca、血清PTH水平比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。观察组术后声音嘶哑、低血钙发生率分别为3.7%、16.7%,显著低于对照组的14.8%、33.3%,有显著差异(P<0.05);两组暂时性甲状腺功能低下发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。观察组平均淋巴结检出数(7.37±1.82)枚、阳性淋巴结检出数(2.41±0.86)枚多于对照组的(6.57±1.92)、(1.98±0.88)枚,甲状旁腺误切率9.3%、RLN损伤率3.7%低于对照组的24.1%、14.8%,有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 采用纳米碳技术清扫cN0期PTMC患者RLN区域淋巴结,提高了淋巴结检出率,降低了甲状旁腺误切率,保护了RLN,值得推广应用。

麻醉药物对甲状腺术中喉返神经监测影响的研究进展

甲状腺疾病是一种常见的内分泌系统疾病,主要由于甲状腺功能分泌不足引起,目前手术切除是治疗甲状腺疾病的主要方法。喉返神经损伤是甲状腺术中一种严重的并发症,术后神经损伤可导致患者声音嘶哑,甚至呼吸困难,严重影响患者生活质量。术中神经电生理监测可以降低甚至避免喉返神经损伤风险,其中麻醉药物是影响术中神经电生理监测的主要因素。能否在保证术中神经监测正常实施前提下提供良好麻醉管理,甲状腺手术中麻醉药物的使用成为关键。本文主要介绍麻醉药物对甲状腺术中喉返神经监测的影响,优化术中麻醉管理、合理应用麻醉药物、避免麻醉药物对喉返神经监测的影响,从而提高手术质量、缩短康复时间。

不同剂量罗库溴铵对腔镜甲状腺切除术中喉返神经监测的影响

目的探讨不同剂量罗库溴铵对腔镜甲状腺切除术中喉返神经监测的影响。方法选择2021年10月至2022年10月行经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术的患者116例,男30例,女86例,年龄18~64岁,BMI 18.5~30.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为三组:罗库溴铵0.30 mg/kg组(R1组,n=39)、罗库溴铵0.45 mg/kg(R2组,n=39)和罗库溴铵0.60 mg/kg(R3组,n=38)。麻醉诱导后,R1组、R2组和R3组分别静脉注射罗库溴铵0.30、0.45、0.60 mg/kg。当TOF值为0后插入神经监测气管导管,术中全程监测肌松,神经监测结束前不追加肌松药。记录首次出现喉返神经肌电图(EMG)时间及EMG振幅、插管时间及气管插管质量(Cooper’s评分法)。记录术中低血压、高血压、心动过缓、心动过速、体动的发生情况。记录术后咽痛、声音嘶哑、肌肉疼痛的发生情况。结果三组首次出现喉返神经EMG时间差异无统计学意义。与R1组比较,R2组和R3组首次出现喉返神经EMG振幅明显降低(P<0.05)。与R1组比较,R2组和R3组插管时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。与R2组比较,R3组插管时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。与R1组比较,R2组和R3组气管插管质量明显升高(P<0.05)。与R1组比较,R2组和R3组术中体动、术后咽痛发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论在腔镜甲状腺切除术中,与罗库溴铵0.30 mg/kg比较,罗库溴铵0.45和0.60 mg/kg既能提供良好的气管插管条件,又能监测到喉返神经肌电信号,罗库溴铵0.60 mg/kg插管时间更短。

喉返神经全程显露三步法于经胸前入路腔镜甲状腺手术的应用

目的 探究喉返神经全程显露三步法应用于经胸前入路腔镜甲状腺切除术预防喉返神经暂时性损伤的效果。方法 回顾性分析2021年7月至2023年7月作者团队运用喉返神经全程显露三步法进行的78例经胸前入路腔镜甲状腺切除术的手术录像以及患者临床资料,观察术中喉返神经全程显露情况,以及术后出现喉返神经损伤症状或其他不良反应。结果 78例手术均成功完成,无中转开放手术,共全程显露喉返神经117条,术中出血量20~100 mL(平均37.8 mL),术后均未发现声音嘶哑、发声无力或呼吸困难等喉返神经受损表现。结论 经胸前入路腔镜甲状腺手术中运用喉返神经全程显露三步法有助于保护喉返神经,减少喉返神经热损伤,此方法操作简单,易于掌握,值得临床推广。

两种方法预防甲状腺微波消融术中喉返神经损伤的效果及安全性对比

目的分析液体隔离带法和杠杆撬离法预防甲状腺微波消融术中喉返神经损伤的效果及安全性。方法将140例甲状腺良性结节手术患者纳入研究,病例均来源于本院2021年12月至2022年12月期间收治的住院患者。患者均接受微波消融术治疗,按照术中所采用预防保护措施的不同,将患者区分为观察组和对照组。其中对照组(n=70),术中应用液体隔离带法,观察组(n=70),术中应用杠杆撬离法。结果对照组微波消融时间、手术时间、住院天数均高于观察组(P<0.05);两组术后均出现一定的并发症,包括声音嘶哑和甲状旁腺损伤等,组间比较甲状旁腺损伤发生率与返喉神经损伤发生率差异情况,对照组均高于观察组(P<0.05);就饮水呛咳发生率、声音嘶哑发生率组间差异进行检验(P>0.05)。治疗后两组各项炎性因子水平较本组治疗前均出现一定的上升,但观察组治疗后的CRP、IL-6、TNF-α检测水平均低于同一时间点对照组(P<0.05)。经术后随访,两组均存在一定的结节残留情况,观察组的结节残留发生率为8.57%,对照组为10.00%(P>0.05)。结论甲状腺良性结节的微波消融术治疗中,杠杆撬离法在减少喉神经损伤与甲状旁腺损伤发生率方面具有较好的效果。