High-intensity and large-scale resource development seriously threatens the fragile ecological environment in the red soil hilly region in southern China. This paper analyzes the eco-geological environmental problems ...High-intensity and large-scale resource development seriously threatens the fragile ecological environment in the red soil hilly region in southern China. This paper analyzes the eco-geological environmental problems and factors affecting Ganzhou, a mining city in the red soil hilly region,based on field survey and literature. The ecogeological environment quality(EGEQ) assessment system, which covered 11 indicators in physical geography, mining development, geological hazards,as well as water and soil pollution, was established through multi-source data utilization such as remote sensing images, DEM(Digital Elevation Model), field survey and on-site monitoring data. The comprehensive weight of each indicator was calculated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and entropy method. The eco-geological environment assessment map was developed by calculating the EGEQ value through the linear weighted method. The assessment results show that the EGEQ was classified into I-V grades from excellent to worse, among which, EGEQ of I-II accounted for 29.88%, EGEQ of III accounted for 32.35% and EGEQ of IV-V accounted for 37.77%;the overall EGEQ of Ganzhou was moderate. The assessment system utilized in this research provides scientific and accurate results, which in turn enable the proposal of some tangible protection suggestions.展开更多
Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define...Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define Entropy and Negentropy on the quantum level. As the I-Theory explains that repulsion force is driven by Weak Force and attraction is driven by Strong Force, we also analyze Entropy and Negentropy in terms of the Fundamental Forces.展开更多
The criteria used by International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) for its Red List of Ecosystems(RLE) are the global standards for ecosystem-level risk assessment, and they have been increasingly used for biod...The criteria used by International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) for its Red List of Ecosystems(RLE) are the global standards for ecosystem-level risk assessment, and they have been increasingly used for biodiversity conservation. The changed distribution area of an ecosystem is one of the key criteria in such assessments. The Stipa bungeana grassland is one of the most widely distributed grasslands in the warm-temperate semi-arid regions of China. However, the total distribution area of this grassland was noted to have shrunk and become fragmented because of its conversion to cropland and grazing-induced degradation. Following the IUCN-RLE standards, here we analyzed changes in the geographical distribution of this degraded grassland, to evaluate its degradation and risk of collapse. Past(1950-1980) distribution areas were extracted from the Vegetation Map of China(1:1,000,000). Present realizable distribution areas were equated to these past areas minus any habitat area losses. We then predicted the grassland’s present and future(under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario) potential distribution areas using maximum entropy algorithm(MaxEnt), based on field survey data and nine environmental layers. Our results showed that the S. bungeana grassland was mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau, Hexi Corridor, and low altitudes of the Qilian Mountains and Longshou Mountain. This ecosystem occurred mainly on loess soils, kastanozems, steppe aeolian soils and sierozems. Thermal and edaphic factors were the most important factors limiting the distribution of S. bungeana grassland across China. Since 56.1% of its past distribution area(4.9×10~4 km^2) disappeared in the last 50 a, the present realizable distribution area only amounts to 2.2×10~4 km^2. But only 15.7% of its present potential distribution area(14.0×10~4 km^2) is actually occupied by the S. bungeana grassland. The future potential distribution of S. bungeana grassland was predicted to shift towards northwest, and the total area of this ecosystem will shrink by 12.4% over the next 50 a under the most pessimistic climate change scenario. Accordingly, following the IUCN-RLE criteria, we deemed the S. bungeana grassland ecosystem in China to be endangered(EN). Revegetation projects and the establishment of protected areas are recommended as effective ways to avert this looming crisis. This empirical modeling study provides an example of how IUCN-RLE categories and criteria may be valuably used for ecosystem assessments in China and abroad.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Key Special Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41941018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering (Tongji University)the Ministry of Education (Grant No.KLE-TJGE-B1905)。
文摘High-intensity and large-scale resource development seriously threatens the fragile ecological environment in the red soil hilly region in southern China. This paper analyzes the eco-geological environmental problems and factors affecting Ganzhou, a mining city in the red soil hilly region,based on field survey and literature. The ecogeological environment quality(EGEQ) assessment system, which covered 11 indicators in physical geography, mining development, geological hazards,as well as water and soil pollution, was established through multi-source data utilization such as remote sensing images, DEM(Digital Elevation Model), field survey and on-site monitoring data. The comprehensive weight of each indicator was calculated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and entropy method. The eco-geological environment assessment map was developed by calculating the EGEQ value through the linear weighted method. The assessment results show that the EGEQ was classified into I-V grades from excellent to worse, among which, EGEQ of I-II accounted for 29.88%, EGEQ of III accounted for 32.35% and EGEQ of IV-V accounted for 37.77%;the overall EGEQ of Ganzhou was moderate. The assessment system utilized in this research provides scientific and accurate results, which in turn enable the proposal of some tangible protection suggestions.
文摘Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define Entropy and Negentropy on the quantum level. As the I-Theory explains that repulsion force is driven by Weak Force and attraction is driven by Strong Force, we also analyze Entropy and Negentropy in terms of the Fundamental Forces.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015FY210200)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19050402)+1 种基金the Assessment Methods for Red List of Ecosystems in China Program of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of Chinathe Characteristic Analysis of Important Ecosystems in China Program of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.Assistance from many colleagues enabled this study.We thank Dr.WANG Zi,Dr.WU Popo,Ms.ZHU Hong,and Dr.PANG Zhe for their great help during the field survey work.
文摘The criteria used by International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) for its Red List of Ecosystems(RLE) are the global standards for ecosystem-level risk assessment, and they have been increasingly used for biodiversity conservation. The changed distribution area of an ecosystem is one of the key criteria in such assessments. The Stipa bungeana grassland is one of the most widely distributed grasslands in the warm-temperate semi-arid regions of China. However, the total distribution area of this grassland was noted to have shrunk and become fragmented because of its conversion to cropland and grazing-induced degradation. Following the IUCN-RLE standards, here we analyzed changes in the geographical distribution of this degraded grassland, to evaluate its degradation and risk of collapse. Past(1950-1980) distribution areas were extracted from the Vegetation Map of China(1:1,000,000). Present realizable distribution areas were equated to these past areas minus any habitat area losses. We then predicted the grassland’s present and future(under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario) potential distribution areas using maximum entropy algorithm(MaxEnt), based on field survey data and nine environmental layers. Our results showed that the S. bungeana grassland was mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau, Hexi Corridor, and low altitudes of the Qilian Mountains and Longshou Mountain. This ecosystem occurred mainly on loess soils, kastanozems, steppe aeolian soils and sierozems. Thermal and edaphic factors were the most important factors limiting the distribution of S. bungeana grassland across China. Since 56.1% of its past distribution area(4.9×10~4 km^2) disappeared in the last 50 a, the present realizable distribution area only amounts to 2.2×10~4 km^2. But only 15.7% of its present potential distribution area(14.0×10~4 km^2) is actually occupied by the S. bungeana grassland. The future potential distribution of S. bungeana grassland was predicted to shift towards northwest, and the total area of this ecosystem will shrink by 12.4% over the next 50 a under the most pessimistic climate change scenario. Accordingly, following the IUCN-RLE criteria, we deemed the S. bungeana grassland ecosystem in China to be endangered(EN). Revegetation projects and the establishment of protected areas are recommended as effective ways to avert this looming crisis. This empirical modeling study provides an example of how IUCN-RLE categories and criteria may be valuably used for ecosystem assessments in China and abroad.
