Climatic Experiment on Guizhou Red Heart Kiwifruit Ulcer Disease

Using the climatic data, such as extreme minimum temperature and relative humidity, in 15 bases in the main planting area of Guizhou Red Heart Kiwifruit from December 1st to next April 30th, respectively, from 2010 to 2018, combined with the monitoring of red heart kiwifruit ulcer disease, we analyze the occurrence and prevalence of meteorological factors and dynamic characteristics of the red heart kiwifruit ulcer disease in Guizhou, China. The results showed that the main period of occurrence and prevalence of red heart kiwifruit ulcer was from March to April. In winter, when the daily average temperature of 5 d and above is ≤2°C, the daily extreme minimum temperature is ≤−2°C, and the daily average relative humidity is ≥75%, it is beneficial for the ulcer pathogen to lurk and propagate in the plant. It is suggested that this meteorological condition should be used as an early warning indicator for the prevention of ulcer disease of red heart kiwifruit, in order to actively organize prevention after the emergence of early warning indicators to improve the prevention and treatment effect. In spring, the average daily temperature of 5 d and above is ≤18°C, and the daily average relative humidity is ≥80%, which is easy to induce ulcer disease. It can be seen that the first is the winter climatic conditions to meet the breeding of ulcer disease, and then the spring climatic conditions must also meet the rapid propagation of ulcer disease, ulcer disease can occur, develop and popularize. It is of great practical significance to carry out experiments on the relationship between the occurrence of ulcer disease in Guizhou red heart kiwifruit and meteorological conditions.

Investigation and Identification of Fungal Diseases of Kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and identify the fungal diseases of wild and red heart kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture.[Methods]The pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased leaves and fruits of wild and red heart kiwifruit by tissue separation method.DNA sequencing was carried out by using the sequence analysis of ribosomal r DNA-ITS region,and molecular evolutionary trees were built by using MEGA 4.0 software.Finally,the pathogenic fungi were classified and identified by combining morphological observation.[Results]The main fungal diseases were anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on wild kiwifruit,fruit anthracnose caused by C.acutatum on red heart kiwifruit,leaf soft rot caused by Fusarium incarnatum on red heart kiwifruit,and brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata on red heart kiwifruit.[Conclusions]The study may provide some theoretical basis for the control of kiwifruit diseases in Qiandongnan Prefecture.

水城区猕猴桃产业园区土壤养分元素地球化学特征及地质环境

[目的]根据一系列土壤养分元素地球化学指标,对示范园区耕地土壤养分质量进行分类评价,并探讨养分元素在不同地层的分布情况。[方法]以六盘水市名优特色红心猕猴桃产区水城区产业园区的米箩镇、猴场镇园区土壤养分元素有机质、阳离子交换量、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、硼、有效硼、钼、有效钼、碘、氟等为研究对象,运用地球化学分析方法、GIS等技术手段研究该区土壤中养分元素及其地质环境。[结果]园区土壤以酸性为主,适宜猕猴桃种植,保肥能力强,有机质含量丰富;除全钾含量很低,4级(较缺乏)与5级(缺乏)累计占比89.72%,全氮、全磷含量丰富,碱解氮含量适宜,速效磷含量缺乏,变异系数2.07,分布不均,局部可能较缺乏,速效钾供给能力好,总体适中;钼、有效钼、氟、碘含量丰富,氟含量相对偏高,硼、有效硼含量缺乏;硼在灰岩发育地层含量相对较高,全氮、碘、钼及有机质在峨眉山玄武岩组更易富集,含量普遍丰富。龙潭组发育的土壤具有更高的硒含量和有机质含量。[结论]建议后期提高土壤中磷有效量,增施钾肥、硼肥,红心猕猴桃是否适宜在峨眉山玄武岩组地层种植有待进一步研究。

浅谈红心猕猴桃的栽培种植技术

文章基于红心猕猴桃的栽培种植技术,分析了在栽培种植过程中红心猕猴桃的生长及发育环境,提出了红心猕猴桃在生长过程中的生态化管理措施,期望为红心猕猴桃的栽培种植技术提供参考。

红心猕猴桃果肉饮料的生产工艺研究

以红心猕猴桃为原料,研究一种果肉型猕猴桃饮料的配方工艺。通过正交实验设计,确定稳定剂配方为0. 10%卡拉胶、0. 06%黄原胶、0. 08%CMC-Na;护色剂配方为0. 40%D-抗坏血酸;酸甜剂配方为0. 08%枸橼酸、4. 00%蔗糖、8. 00%果葡糖浆;经过胶磨、均值以及脱气工艺后进行15 min的70℃杀菌。最终成品口感优良、稳定性良好。

草酸铵法提取红心猕猴桃果皮果胶工艺研究

以草酸铵为萃取剂,从红心猕猴桃果皮原料中提取果胶,分别通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定其最优的萃取工艺条件。结果表明:草酸铵的质量浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比等,均对红心猕猴桃果皮果胶的提取率均有影响,其最佳萃取条件为:草酸铵质量浓度1.2%、提取温度80℃、提取时间3.0h、料液比25∶1。在最优工艺条件下,果胶的提取率达12.95%。