Burial Records of Reactive Iron in Cretaceous Black Shales and Oceanic Red Beds from Southern Tibet

One of the new directions in the field of Cretaceous research is to elucidate the mechanism of the sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to oceanic red beds. A chemical sequential extraction method was applied to these two types of rocks from southern Tibet to investigate the burial records of reactive iron. Results indicate that carbonate-associated iron and pyrite are relatively enriched in the black shales, but depleted or absent in red beds. The main feature of the reactive iron in the red beds is relative enrichment of iron oxides （largely hematite）, which occurred during syn-depostion or early diagenesis. The ratio between iron oxides and the total iron indicates an oxygen-enriched environment for red bed deposition. A comparison between the reactive iron burial records and proxies of paleo-productivity suggests that paleo-productivity decreases when the ratio between iron oxides and the total iron increases in the red beds. This phenomenon could imply that the relationship between marine redox and productivity might be one of the reasons for the sedimentary transition from Cretaceous black shale to oceanic red bed deposition.

Lipids and Fatty Acid Composition of Dried Edible Red and Black Ants

Total lipid contents,lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of hot-air dried edible black ants（Polyrhachis vicina Roger） from Wenzhou and Guizhou,China,and edible red ant（Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius） from Thailand were determined.The major lipid components were triacylglycerol（43.4-79.4% of total lipid）,followed by phospholipids（6.1-21.5%）,diacylglycerol（6.1-18.1%） and cholesterol ester（4.9-13.5%） while free fatty acids（1.8-2.9%） and sterol（0.5-0.8%） were the minor components.Oleic acid（C18：1） was the most predominant fatty acid,accounting for 3 407.8,9 098.8 and 3 790.1 mg 100 g-1 in Wenzhou and Guizhou black ants,and Thai red ant,respectively.Followed by palmitic acid（C16：0）,922.9,2 523.3 and 1 511.8 mg 100 g-1;linoleic acid（C18：2n-6）,133.7,305.2 and 506.4 mg 100 g-1;α-linolenic acid（C18：3n-3）,35.1,138.0 and 52.5 mg 100 g-1;eicosapentaenoic acid（C20：5n-3） was 19.1,15.0 and 20.0 mg 100 g-1 in Wenzhou and Guizhou black ants,and Thai red ant,respectively.Docosapentaenoic acid（C22：5n-3） was only found in black ants,7.0 and 7.3 mg 100 g-1 for Wenzhou and Guizhou ants,respectively.The edible black and red ants were shown to be a good source of unsaturated fatty acid.

On Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relations： a Case Study of ＂Red＂ and ＂Black＂

Through analyzing the paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations and exploring the case study of"red"and"black"in thedifferent culture backgrounds, the problems in the comprehension are put forward for the purpose of enhancing the learners' abilityof words comprehension based on a complex meaning system.

Analysis of the Red and the Black via Aristotle's Catharsis Theory

The Red and the Black,authored by French writer Stendhal,depicts the rugged short life of Julian and vividly presents to readers a picture of social life under the reign of Charles X. Being a masterpiece of critical realism,its description of figures and arrangement of plot are intimately bound up with ancient Greek spirit of tragedy. The present paper aims to analysis the unity of plot as well as characters of figures in The Red and the Black via Aristotle's tragedy theory of catharsis,and to expound the tragic effect of this novel.

1/3 and 2/3,Running in Red or in Black?

Figures are always confusing or even hardly comprehensible in any statistical analysis report,textile industry in China is so huge that a close approach to understanding its economic performance as a whole would be a lucky experience. The two figures of 1/3 and 2/3 are a lot seen in various media coverage.Where does this figure come from and what does it mean?

基于Red-Black小波变换的多光谱图像融合方法

针对张量积小波在多光谱图像融合中的不足,提出了一种基于Red-B lack小波变换的多光谱图像和高空间分辨率全色图像融合方法。首先对多光谱图像进行IHS变换,将得到的亮度分量和高空间分辨率全色图像进行直方图匹配,并分别作多尺度Red-B lack小波分解,然后对低频部分采用加权平均、高频部分采用替代的融合算法对分解子图像进行融合,最后对融合后的各级子图像进行Red-B lack重构和IHS逆变换得到融合结果图像,采用客观性能指标对融合结果图像进行了评价。实验结果表明,该方法有较好的融合效果,其保持光谱质量和空间分辨率信息的能力比基于IHS变换融合方法、基于DWT的融合方法和基于IHS-DWT的融合方法都强。

Evaluation of growth performance,feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility of red hybrid tilapia fed dietary inclusion of black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)

Insects,particularly black soldier fly larvae(BSFM),Hermetia illucens,have been regarded as promising protein and lipid sources in animal feed,including fish.Digestibility is the key factor that affects nutrient utilization,feeding physiology and efficiency.In the present work,the effect of BSFM on the digestibility of red hybrid tilapia(RHT)compared to fish meal(FM)was ultimately unveiled.A 56-day growth trial was performed with 60 RHT(~30 g)randomly distributed into six tanks and fed two experimental diets containing FM as a reference diet and BSFM as a test diet.In addition,faeces were collected to determine their chromium concentration and proximate composition.The apparent digestibility coefficient(ADC)of dry matter,crude protein and energy in the BSFM diet were observed to be significantly higher than those in the FM diet.Besides,the growth performance of fish fed with the BSFM diet exhibited significantly higher(P<0.05)weight gain,specific growth rate,protein efficiency ratio and lower feed conversion ratio than those in the FM group.This study shows that the BSFM feed was well digested by tilapia and improved its growth performance.

Response of Reactive Phosphorus Burial to the Sedimentary Transition from Cretaceous Black Shales to Oceanic Red Beds in Southern Tibet

The mechanism of sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to the oceanic red beds is a new and important direction of Cretaceous research. Chemical sequential extraction is applied to study the burial records of reactive phosphorus in the black shale of the Gyabula Formation and oceanic red beds of the Chuangde Formation, Southern Tibet. Results indicate that the principal reactive phosphorus species is the authigenic and carbonate-associated phosphorus （CAP） in the Gyabula Formation and iron oxides-associated phosphorus （FeP） in the Chuangde Formation which accounts for more than half of their own total phosphorus content. While the authigenic and carbonate-associated phosphorus （CAP） is almost equal in the two Formations; the iron oxidesassociated phosphorus is about 1.6 times higher in the Chuangde Formation than that in the Gyabula Formation resulting in a higher content of the total phosphorus in the Chuangde Formation. According to the observations on the marine phosphorus cyde in Modern Ocean, it is found that preferential burial and regeneration of reactive phosphorus corresponds to highly oxic and reducing conditions, respectively, leading to the different distribution of phosphorus in these two distinct type of marine sediments. It is the redox-sensitive behavior of phosphorus cycle to the different redox conditions in the ocean and the controlling effects of phosphorus to the marine production that stimulate the local sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shale to the oceanic red beds.

一种基于Red-Black小波的图像融合的改进算法

为增加融合后图像信息量,增强图像清晰度,提出一种基于Red-Black小波图像融合的改进算法。该算法在对源图像进行Red-Black小波变换前,首先进行PCA变换,然后对得到的第一分量作多尺度的Red-Black小波分解,对于高频子带系数和低频子带系数分别采用基于极大值的选择和基于区域方差的融合规则。最后对融合后的各级子图像进行Red-Black重构,并对重构的结果进行PCA逆变换得到融合的图像。实验结果表明,提出的算法进行多光谱图像融合可以很好地保留光谱信息并且有较高的空间分辨率,提高了熵值,增加了融合后图像的信息量,扩大了信息丰富程度,也有效增强了图像的清晰度,具有较好的视觉效果,在遥感图像处理领域有较广泛的应用前景。

A NEW ILU PRECONDITIONER FOR BORDERED LINEAR SYSTEMS

Bordered linear systems arise from many industrial applications, such as reservoir simulation and structural engineering. Traditional ILU preconditioners which throw away the additional equations are often too crude for these systems. We describe a practical implementation of ILU preconditioners which are more accurate and more robust. The emphasis of this paper is on implementation rather than on theory.

The genesis and environmental significance of red and black sedimentary interlay ers in coral reef of well Nanyong 2

The results of paleogeomagnetics and geo-chemistry of the coral reef in well Nanyong 2 of Nansha Is-lands showed that the bottom of the black sedimentary in-terlayer corresponds to the conversion boundary line be-tween Brunhes Postive Polarity and Matuyama Reversed Polarity (B/M) and the cold/warm (19/20) climatic conver-sion bounds on ()18O curve, 0.78 Ma ago; and the red sedi-mentary interlayer corresponds to the Reunion I polarity excursion (reversion) of the geomagnetic field, 2.01-2.04 Ma ago. Comparing with the normal light-coloured coral reef rock, the magnetic susceptibility (x), residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and the content of MnO and Fe2O3 of the black sedimentary layer appeared obviously positive ab-normity. The magnetic susceptibility (x), residual magnetiza-tion intensity (Mr) and the content of Fe2O3 of the red sedi-mentary layer also appeared positive abnormity. Combining with the analyzing results of paleontology, we hold that this pair of special and typical sedimentary

Black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum) tea has higher phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant properties than red goji berry (Lycium barbarum) tea

Goji berry tea, a traditional herbal tea, is the main ate mode of goji berry in Asia, yet few studies in comparison with red goji berry tea and black goji berry tea are carried out. This study investigated the effects of water temperature and soak time on the colour, phytochemicals, and the antioxidant capacity [2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] of two goji berry tea. A comparison of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities between black and red goji berry tea was conducted. Results showed that both red and black goji berry tea were rich in phytochemicals, giving high antioxidant ability. The levels of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the two goji berry tea increased as the increases in soak temperature and time. Black goji berry tea had higher phytochemicals and antioxidant property than those of red goji berry tea. Infused at 100° water for the same time, the levels of total polysaccharides (150 mg/100 ml), total polyphenols (238 mg/ml), and antioxidant capacity (550 μmol/100 ml) of black goji berry tea were 3.5, 2, and 5 times higher, respectively, in comparison with red goji berry tea. The results of this study demonstrate that hot drink of goji berry in China is a good habit and black goji berry tea may be a better choice.

The Substructure of Elementary Particles Demonstrated by the I-Theory

Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.

On Connotation of Color Terms in Chinese and English

Because different peoples have different environments,customs,ways of thinking,religious beliefs,regimes,literature and arts and ways of living,there is no surprise that colors are described diversely in different countries.And they show the partic ular personalities of each nation.And language is not only the carrier of culture,but also it is an important part of culture.In oth er words,culture includes and influences language.People could know culture through language.So only when people combine culture with language can they succeed in communicating with each other.There are various color terms in both Chinese and English,and which have similar or different associations,indications and connotations.So to have a good mastery of the differenc es and similarities of these words and their associations,indications and cultural connotations is a prerequisite for a better under standing of the different cultures of eastern and western countries,which will make the communication easier.This paper will ex plain the four colors:red,white,black and yellow.

红心猕猴桃黑斑病气象条件分析及其评估模型

本研究基于2020—2022年在贵州米箩等20个红心猕猴桃基地进行的调查,以及同期气象资料分析,探讨了红心猕猴桃黑斑病发生与连阴雨天气的关联性。通过收集5月1日—7月31日逐日平均温度、降水量、平均相对湿度、平均低云量等气象资料,分析该期间连阴雨天气特征,结合黑斑病发生地、发病率,探讨了黑斑病与连阴雨天气的定量关系,确定了红心猕猴桃黑斑病发生的连阴雨天气指标阈值。研究发现,红心猕猴桃黑斑病与品种有较大的关系,且在5—7月红心猕猴桃果实生长期内,当连阴雨天气在15 d及以上,同时日平均温度在20.0℃及以上、日平均相对湿度在90%及以上、日平均低云量在0.90及以上时,红心猕猴桃果实极易感染黑斑病,该指标可以作为红心猕猴桃黑斑病发生的气象预警指标。根据这些发现,研究建立了红心猕猴桃黑斑病气象灾害评估模型,为红心猕猴桃生产开展黑斑病气象评估服务提供科学参考。

基于红黑隔离架构的网络安全设备设计

基于IP(Internet Protocol)技术的天地一体化网络数据传输易受非法攻击,基于IPSec(Internet Protocol Security)的传统网络安全设备采用单主机同时连接内网和外网处理单元进行设计,存在非授权用户通过外网直接访问受保护内网的风险。文中提出了一种基于红黑隔离架构的网络安全设备新方案。方案采用红黑分区的设计理念和基于Linux下IPSec框架的VPN(Virtual Private Network)技术,通过在红区实现传输数据、基于“五元组”的安全保密规则合法性验证以及IPSec ESP(Encapsulating Security Payload)协议封装与解封装变换,在黑区实现ESP封装加密数据的公网收发,在安全服务模块实现根据外部指令完成加密算法动态切换和ESP封装数据的加解密处理,并将安全服务模块作为红区和黑区之间数据交换的通道,达到内网和外网相互隔离且有效保障内网安全的目的。实验结果表明,基于红黑隔离架构的网络安全设备抗攻击能力强,加密算法可更换,在百兆带宽条件下1024 Byte包长加密速率大于50 Mbit·s^(-1)。

Entropy and Negentropy Principles in the I-Theory

Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define Entropy and Negentropy on the quantum level. As the I-Theory explains that repulsion force is driven by Weak Force and attraction is driven by Strong Force, we also analyze Entropy and Negentropy in terms of the Fundamental Forces.

Quantification of the effects of management factors on maize (Zea mays L.) and cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) residues decomposition rate

Efforts to quantify management effects on decomposition rate of added substrates to the soil is important especially where such information is to be used for prediction in mathematical or simulation models. Using data from a short term (60 days) greenhouse simulation study, a procedure for quantifying effects of management on SOM and substrate decomposition is presented. Using microbial growth rate u (q), microbial efficiency in substrate utilization e (q), specific decomposition rates for added plant residues to two contrasting soils, red earth (Ferrasol) and black earth (Acrisol) were estimated. The treatments included straw addition + buried, (T1); straw addition + mineral N (T2); and straw addition + tillage, (T3). Sampling was done every 15 days. Straw decomposition rate was affected by external mineral N sources (Urea 46% N). Addition of an external N source significantly increased decomposition rates. The study could not, however, fully account for the effect of tillage on residues because of the limited effect of the tillage method due to the artificial barrier to mechanical interference supplied by the mesh bags. It is concluded that using few decomposer parameters, decomposition rates and consequently SOM trends in a soil system can be monitored and quantification of the influence of perturbations on decomposition rate of added substrates possible.