Application value research of swallowing treatment device combined with swallowing rehabilitation training in the treatment of swallowing disorders after stroke

BACKGROUND Stroke is a common disabling disease,whether it is ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke,both can result in neuronal damage,leading to various manifestations of neurological dysfunction.AIM To explore of the application value of swallowing treatment device combined with swallowing rehabilitation training in the treatment of swallowing disorders after stroke.METHODS This study selected 86 patients with swallowing disorders after stroke admitted to our rehabilitation department from February 2022 to December 2023 as research subjects.They were divided into a control group(n=43)and an observation group(n=43)according to the treatment.The control group received swallowing rehabilitation training,while the observation group received swallowing treatment device in addition to the training.Both groups underwent continuous intervention for two courses of treatment.RESULTS The total effective rate in the observation group(93.02%)was higher than that in the control group(76.74%)(P=0.035).After intervention,the oral transit time,swallowing response time,pharyngeal transit time,and laryngeal closure time decreased in both groups compared to before intervention.In the observation group,the oral transit time,swallowing response time,and pharyngeal transit time were shorter than those in the control group after intervention.However,the laryngeal closure time after intervention in the observation group was compared with that in the control group(P=0.142).After intervention,average amplitude value and duration of the genioglossus muscle group during empty swallowing and swallowing 5 mL of water are reduced compared to before intervention in both groups.After intervention,the scores of the chin-tuck swallowing exercise and the Standardized Swallowing Assessment are both reduced compared to pre-intervention levels in both groups.However,the observation group scores lower than the control group after intervention.Additionally,the Functional Oral Intake Scale scores of both groups are increased after intervention compared to pre-intervention levels,with the observation group scoring higher than the control group after intervention(P<0.001).The cumulative incidence of complications in the observation group is 9.30%,which is lower than the 27.91%in the control group(P=0.027).CONCLUSION The combination of swallowing therapy equipment with swallowing rehabilitation training can improve the muscle movement level of the genioglossus muscle group,enhance swallowing function,and prevent the occurrence of swallowing-related complications after stroke.

Effect of comprehensive nursing on the quality of life and swallowing function in individuals diagnosed with ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke(IS)is a widely recognized disease characterized by high preva-lence,mortality,morbidity,disability,and recurrence rates.It ranks prominently in terms of mortality,constituting 60%-80%of stroke cases.AIM To explore the impact of comprehensive nursing care on the quality of life and swallowing function in individuals diagnosed with IS.METHODS This study comprised 172 patients with IS admitted to our hospital between February 2018 to March 2021.The participants were divided into two groups,namely the control group(n=80)receiving routine care and the research group(n=92)receiving comprehensive care.Various assessment scales,including the standard swallowing function assessment scale(SSA),National Institutes of Health Stroke scale(NIHSS),European stroke scale(ESS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),Barthel index(BI),and the motor func-tion assessment scale(MAS),were employed to evaluate the improvement in swallowing function,neurological deficits,clinical outcomes,anxiety,depression,daily living activities,and motor function before and after care.Furthermore,the study compared the occurrence of adverse reactions during the nursing period,life quality before and after the intervention,rehabilitation compliance,and nursing satisfaction between the two groups.RESULTS After the nursing intervention,the research group exhibited significantly improved SSA and NIHSS scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,both groups demonstrated significant reductions in SAS and SDS scores(P<0.05),with the research group showing more obvious advantages(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the research group displayed significantly better ESS,BI,and MAS scores(P<0.05),coupled with a lower incidence of adverse reactions(P<0.05).Additionally,the research group demonstrated markedly higher levels of life quality,rehabilitation compliance,and nursing satisfaction compared to the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Comprehensive nursing effectively improved swallowing function,quality of life,and patient satisfaction,high-lighting its clinical significance.

Effect of comprehensive nursing on swallowing function and quality of life in patients with ischemic stroke

Hu et al explored the impact of comprehensive nursing model on swallowing function and quality of life in patients with ischemic stroke.They divided 172 patients into the control group(routine care)and the research group(comprehensive care),and used standard scales to evaluate the swallowing function,neurological deficit,anxiety and depression,daily living ability,and exercise of the two groups of patients before and after care.Changes in indicators of function,quality of life,and compliance.The results showed that compared with the control group,patients in the study group achieved significant improvements in various indicators,with a lower incidence of adverse reactions and higher satisfaction with care.These data suggest that the comprehensive nursing model can significantly improve the swallowing function,quality of life and satisfaction of patients with ischemic stroke.In the future,the development of comprehensive nursing models needs to focus on technological innovation,humanized services,continuing education and training,multi-disciplinary collaboration,optimal allocation of resources,standardized practice and evaluation,etc.,in order to improve nursing effects and promote the improvement of medical service quality.

The Efficacy of Electromyographic Biofeedback Combined with Swallowing Training on Post- Stroke Dysphagia

Objective:This paper focuses on the research and discussion of the efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback combined with swallowing training on post-stroke dysphagia.Methods:This study randomly sampled and analyzed 68 patients with post-stroke dysphagia from January 2023 to December 2023,34 cases of swallowing training intervention were grouped as the control group,and 34 cases of electromyography biofeedback combined with swallowing training intervention were grouped as the study group,and the clinical therapeutic effects of the two groups of patients after receiving the two different modes of intervention were compared.Results:The swallowing function of patients in both groups improved,and the VFSS score of patients in the seminar group was significantly higher than that of the control group,indicating that the clinical efficacy of the seminar group was more significant.The nasal feeding tube extraction rate,extraction time,and quality of life scores of the seminar group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05),which is of research value.Conclusion:For patients with post-stroke dysphagia,treatment with electromyography biofeedback combined with swallowing training mode can significantly improve their swallowing function.This effective intervention can not only shorten the time for patients to remove the nasal feeding tube but also help to improve the quality of life of patients,which is worth using.

Analysis of the Relationship between Eating and Swallowing Function and Lifestyle of the Elderly Living in the Community-A Secondary Publication

Objectives:The relationship between eating and swallowing function,and lifestyle among community-dwelling elderly people has not been extensively studied.This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of eating and swallowing function and their association with the lifestyle among the elderly.Methods:A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 419 elderly people who participated in the oral function improvement project operated by the Community Comprehensive Support Center.A total of 288 valid responses(58 males,230 females,average age 73.6 years)were analyzed.The survey items included basic demographics,health status,lifestyle,and eating and swallowing functions.The chi-square(χ2)test was used to compare for a difference in the risk of dysphagia.Results:72 patients(25.0%)were judged to be at risk for dysphagia,and 216(75.0%)were judged to be not at risk for dysphagia using the revised dysphagia risk assessment scale.The mean score for oral preparatory dysphagia was the highest,while the mean score for pharyngeal dysphagia was the lowest.The group at risk of dysphagia had significant difficulty in chewing and had bad sleep quality as compared to the group that was not at risk.Conclusion:Concerning the risk of dysphagia,there is a need to maintain and improve masticatory function.In addition,improving the swallowing function of the elderly may prevent insomnia and improve sleep quality.

Research Progress of Swallowing Therapy in Relieving Dysphagia after Stroke

This article summarizes the current rehabilitation treatment methods for dysphagia after stroke,including feeding-swallowing function treatment,acupuncture treatment,neuromuscular electrical stimulation,balloon catheter dilatation,etc.,all of which have many clinical applications,hoping to play a guiding role in future research.

Effect of Individualized Nutrition Intervention Care Combined with Swallowing Training on Postoperative Nutritional Status in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer

Introduction: Laryngeal carcinoma accounts for 13.9% of head and neck tumors, and squamous cell carcinoma is the main pathological type. At present, the treatment of laryngeal cancer is mainly surgical treatment or postoperative radiotherapy. The surgery is delicate, complex, time-consuming and traumatic. Postoperative patients are prone to dysphagia, leading to an increase in the incidence of malnutrition. Malnutrition can cause a series of negative effects, including weight loss, increased incidence of infection, reduced tolerance of anti-tumor treatment, and extended length of hospital stay. Therefore, how to effectively improve the nutritional status of laryngeal cancer patients through nursing intervention has become an important topic of nursing research. Objective: Investigate the effect of individualized nutrition intervention care combined with swallowing training on postoperative nutritional status in patients with laryngeal cancer. Methods: A total of 120 consecutive patients who underwent laryngeal surgery at our hospital for the first time between May 2018 and May 2021 were selected for the study and equally divided into the control group and the study group by the random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were given swallowing function training and health counseling, and the study group adopted individualized nutrition intervention care based on the control group. The nutritional status, swallowing function, and quality of life (QOL) of the patients were assessed using the Patient-generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core30 (QLQ-C30) before the intervention and three months after the intervention. Results: Before the intervention, the scores of MDADI, PG-SGA, and QLQ-C30 were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05), and three months after the intervention, the scores of MDADI and QLQ-C30 increased and the score of PG-SGA decreased in the study group, with significant differences (P 0.05). At three months after the intervention, patients in the study group had higher scores on MDADI, QLQ-C30 and lower scores on PG-SGA than the control group, with significant differences (P Conclusion: Combining individualized nutrition intervention care with swallowing training improves the postoperative nutritional status, swallowing function, and QOL of patients with laryngeal cancer.

电针舌三针辅助星状神经节阻滞对脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能的影响

目的探讨电针舌三针辅助星状神经节阻滞(Stellate ganglion block,SGB)对脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能的影响。方法选取2022年1月—2023年1月期间河北北方学院附属第二医院收治的90例脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者,依据简单随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组各45例。对照组采取SGB治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采取电针舌三针疗法,共治疗14 d。统计两组患者治疗前后舌骨移动度、吞咽用时、吞咽功能(Standardized swallowing assessment,SSA)及生活质量(Swallowing Quality-of-Life Instrument,SWAL-QOL)评分、营养状态指标[白蛋白(Prealbumin,PA)、转铁蛋白(Transferrin,TRF)、白蛋白(Albumin,ALB)]平及不良事件发生情况。结果治疗后两组患者舌骨上、下移动度较治疗前增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者喉关闭用时、咽运送用时、口腔运送用时、吞咽反应用时较治疗前缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者SSA评分较治疗前降低、SWAL-QOL评分较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组SSA评分低于对照组,SWAL-QOL评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者PA、ALB、TRF水平较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,研究组不良事件发生率4.44%(2/45)明显低于对照组17.78%(8/45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采取电针舌三针辅助SGB治疗脑梗死后吞咽障碍可增大舌骨移动度,缩短吞咽用时,利于改善吞咽功能及营养状态,提升生活质量,并降低不良事件发生风险。

阶梯式摄食训练在老年吞咽障碍病人中的应用

目的:探讨阶梯式摄食训练在老年吞咽障碍病人中的应用效果。方法:便利抽取2023年5月—2023年10月江苏省某三级老年医院康复医学科收治的52例老年吞咽障碍病人作为研究对象。按照病人所在病区将52例病人分为试验组(n=26)和对照组(n=26)。对照组实施综合康复护理;试验组实施阶梯式摄食训练方案,两组干预前后采用标准吞咽功能评价量表(SSA)、安德森吞咽困难量表、进食评估调查问卷进行测评,并比较两组误吸发生率、住院时间、体质指数等。结果:干预4周后两组误吸发生率、SSA评分、进食评估调查问卷评分、安德森吞咽困难量表评分、住院时间、体质指数比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:阶梯式摄食训练能有效减少老年病人误吸发生率,改善病人吞咽功能和营养状况,提升病人生活质量。

李氏一指禅推拿联合Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗脑卒中吞咽功能障碍的疗效观察

目的观察李氏一指禅推拿联合Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗脑卒中吞咽功能障碍的疗效。方法将60例脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例,实际对照组完成30例,治疗组29例。两组均予以常规内科治疗及常规吞咽功能康复训练,对照组采用Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合李氏一指禅推拿治疗。治疗前和治疗3周后分别采用吞咽功能评分、改良曼恩吞咽能力评估量表(modified Mann assessment of swallowing ability,MMASA)评价吞咽功能,采用临床肺部感染评分(clinical pulmonary infection score,CPIS)评价肺部感染情况,采用改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)评价日常生活活动能力,采用肌骨超声测定舌骨—甲状软骨间距离缩短率(approximation shortening rate,ASR),并根据治疗前后洼田饮水试验分级变化判定临床疗效。结果与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者吞咽功能评分、CPIS、舌骨与甲状软骨之间的最短距离(minimum hyoid-larynx approximation,MIHLA)显著降低(P<0.05),MMASA评分、MBI、ASR显著升高(P<0.05);观察组吞咽功能评分、CPIS、MIHLA降低程度和MMASA评分、MBI、ASR升高程度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组基于洼田饮水试验分级的临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论李氏一指禅推拿联合Vocastim-Master吞咽言语诊治仪治疗能够改善脑卒中的吞咽功能障碍患者吞咽功能,降低肺部感染发生率,提高日常生活活动能力,修复舌骨与甲状软骨相互靠近的机制。

《老年人吞咽障碍5Ws和1H管理的最佳实践建议》(2022年)解读

从老年人吞咽障碍护理视角对《老年人吞咽障碍5Ws和1H管理的最佳实践建议》(2022年)进行解读,对推荐意见进行归类整理,以增进我国护理人员对其的理解,提高临床实用性。

经颅磁刺激联合穴位按摩在中风后吞咽障碍中的应用

目的探讨在中风患者吞咽障碍中应用经颅磁刺激联合穴位按摩的临床价值。方法选取2022年2月—2023年2月福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院康复科收治的中风后吞咽障碍患者80例,根据随机摸球法的形式将其分为研究组与对照组,各40例。对照组采用常规康复护理及穴位按摩护理干预方式,试验组在对照组基础上联合开展经颅磁刺激技术。对2组治疗疗效及反应吞咽能力的洼田饮水试验评分进行对比。结果试验组临床总有效率(97.5%)显著高于对照组(77.5%)(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者在洼田饮水试验评分方面得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,2组得分均降低,试验组患者的吞咽能力的洼田饮水试验评分为(1.76±0.24)分,低于对照组的(3.06±0.55)分(P<0.05)。结论将经颅磁刺激联合穴位按摩应用于脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的康复中,相比于常规康复护理联合穴位按摩,有助于提高吞咽能力,具有较高临床应用价值。

针刺联合吞咽康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍临床研究

目的:研究针刺联合吞咽康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床疗效。方法:选择脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者150例,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各75例。两组均接受吞咽康复训练,观察组在此基础上联合针刺治疗,比较两组治疗前后洼田饮水试验评分、视频透视吞咽检查量表(VFSS)评分、功能性经口摄食量表(FOIS)评分、神经功能缺损症状积分,以及左椎动脉、右椎动脉、基底动脉血流速度,比较两组临床疗效及观察组不同时期吞咽障碍患者临床疗效。结果:治疗后两组洼田饮水试验评分较治疗前降低,VFSS评分、FOIS评分较治疗前升高(P<0.05);治疗后观察组洼田饮水试验评分低于对照组,VFSS、FOIS评分高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后两组左椎动脉、右椎动脉、基底动脉血流速度均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组左椎动脉、右椎动脉、基底动脉血流速度均高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后两组神经功能缺损症状积分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组各神经功能缺损症状积分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组治疗总有效率90.67%,高于对照组的78.67%,两组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组口腔前期患者的临床疗效优于口腔准备期、口腔期(P<0.05)。结论:针刺联合吞咽康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍效果显著,能够改善患者吞咽能力,快速减轻症状,并促进血液循环,尤其是口腔前期患者的疗效更为理想。

早期喉癌术后吞咽障碍的列线图预测模型构建

目的构建预测早期喉癌术后吞咽障碍的列线图模型。方法回顾性分析南阳市中心医院2020年3月至2022年5月收治的154例早期喉癌患者的临床资料,根据术后2周内是否发生吞咽障碍分成病例组和对照组。开展单因素分析,通过Logistic回归分析患者术后吞咽障碍的影响因素,利用R软件并基于预测变量构建预测吞咽障碍发生的列线图模型。以ROC曲线下面积(AUC)评估模型的预测效果,并行HL拟合优度检验。结果154例患者术后发生吞咽障碍49例(31.82%);病例组年龄≥60岁、有吸烟史、有咽喉反流性疾病史、手术方式为常规喉裂开术、张口受限程度为3度、术后1周疼痛程度为重度的患者比例和对照组比较差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,早期喉癌患者术后吞咽障碍的危险因素包括年龄≥60岁、手术方式为常规喉裂开术、咽喉反流史、张口受限程度为3度、术后1周疼痛度为重度等5项(P<0.05);将上述危险因素引入R软件构建列线图模型,结果显示AUC为0.759(95%CI=0.674~0.844),拟合优度HL检验χ^(2)=10.293,P=0.173。结论基于年龄、咽喉反流病史、手术方式、张口受限程度、术后1周疼痛度等5项因素构建的列线图模型可较好地预测早期喉癌患者术后吞咽障碍发生风险。

早期精细化护理干预联合序贯式营养治疗对脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者的疗效观察

目的探讨早期精细化护理干预联合序贯式营养治疗对脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者的疗效。方法选取2021年1月至2023年6月四川大学华西医院收治的124例脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者为研究对象,在组间基线特征可比的原则上,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组62例。对照组给予常规护理干预联合常规营养治疗,观察组给予早期精细化护理干预联合序贯式营养治疗,两组患者均连续治疗3个月。比较分析两组患者治疗前后的吞咽功能、胃肠道屏障功能[二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸]、营养状况[白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白(TF)、前白蛋白(PA)]、心理状况与生活质量[症状自评量表-90(SCL-90)评分、吞咽障碍特异性生活质量量表(SWALQOL)评分]。结果治疗前,两组患者的吞咽功能比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗3个月后,两组患者的吞咽功能与治疗前比较均明显改善,且观察组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的DAO、D-乳酸、ALB、Hb、TF、PA、SCL-90评分、SWAL-QOL评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗3个月后,两组患者的DAO、D-乳酸、SCL-90评分与治疗前比较均降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗3个月后,两组患者的ALB、Hb、TF、PA、SWAL-QOL评分与治疗前比较均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期精细化护理干预联合序贯式营养治疗有利于改善脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者的吞咽功能、胃肠道屏障功能、营养状况及心理状况,且可提高患者的生活质量,值得临床应用。

时效性激励对脑梗死合并吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能营养状况及神经功能的影响

目的探讨时效性激励对脑梗死合并吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能、营养状况及神经功能的影响。方法将293例脑梗死合并吞咽障碍患者根据入院建档顺序分为对照组146例和观察组147例。对照组患者给予直接摄食训练,观察组患者在对照组基础上联合时效性激励。观察两组患者干预前后吞咽功能、营养状态[白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TRF)]、功能恢复情况[美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Barthel指数量表(BI)评分]及并发症。结果干预后两组患者吞咽期通过时间(PTT)、吞咽障碍评分、食管上括约肌(UES)完全开放率以及NIHSS、BI评分均较干预前改善,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.01);两组患者血清ALB、PA、TRF水平均较干预前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.01);观察组患者并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论时效性激励联合直接摄食训练可改善脑梗死合并吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能、神经功能、日常生活能力及机体营养状况,降低并发症发生率。

多感官刺激联合间歇经口至食管管饲法在老年脑卒中吞咽障碍的应用

目的观察多感官刺激联合间歇经口至食管管饲法在老年脑卒中吞咽障碍的应用效果。方法选择2021年2月至2022年10月收治的脑卒中吞咽障碍患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组、观察A组、观察B组,对照组在常规治疗基础上,采用鼻留置胃管管饲;观察A组在常规治疗基础上,采用间歇经口至食管管饲法;观察B组在观察A组基础上,加用多感官刺激方案。3组均干预8周,在干预前和干预8周后观察洼田饮水试验、标准吞咽功能评价量表(SSA)、吞咽困难生活质量量表(SWAL-QOL)、体质指数(BMI)、营养风险筛查表2002(NRS2002)以及舌骨喉复合体动度检查(舌骨上移距离、甲状软骨上移距离、舌骨前移距离、甲状软骨前移距离)。结果干预8周后,除对照组SWAL-QOL评分以外,其余3组洼田饮水试验、SSA评分和SWAL-QOL评分优于干预前(P<0.05)。而观察B组在洼田饮水试验与其余2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),SSA评分低于其余2组,SWAL-QOL评分高于对照组(P<0.05),与观察A组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在营养情况方面,干预8周后3组BMI均高于干预前,NRS2002均低于干预前(P<0.05)。组间比较,3组BMI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在NRS2002方面,观察A组和观察B组均低于对照组(P<0.05),而观察A组和观察B组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在喉复合体动度检查方面,干预8周后,除对照组舌骨上移距离,其余3组各项距离高于干预前(P<0.05)。观察B组舌骨上移距离、舌骨前移距离高于其余2组(P<0.05),甲状软骨前移距离、甲状软骨上移距离仅高于对照组,与观察A组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多感官刺激联合间歇经口至食管管饲法作用于脑卒中吞咽障碍患者,能够改善患者的吞咽功能,提高生活质量,值得进一步研究。

间歇经口至食管管饲法联合自创吞咽功能训练在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的应用研究

目的探讨间歇经口至食管管饲法与自创吞咽功能训练联合应用于脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的效果。方法选取河南大学淮河医院2022年1月—2023年12月收治的50例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者,应用随机数字表法将其分为两组,每组各25例。对照组采取持续留置鼻饲的同时应用自创吞咽功能训练进行训练,观察组采取间歇经口至食管管饲的同时应用自创吞咽功能训练进行训练。对比两组吞咽障碍改善情况、干预前后营养状况指标及生活质量变化,比较两组并发症发生率。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后两组血清总蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白水平和体质量指数均升高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后两组生活质量综合评定量表评分升高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者采取间歇经口至食管管饲法与自创吞咽功能训练,能够更有效改善患者吞咽功能,提升其生活质量,且可降低留置饲管营养支持过程中的并发症发生率。

转头前倾法在脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者留置胃管中的效果观察

目的研究转头前倾法在脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者留置胃管中的作用。方法临床纳入2022年1月至2023年2月期间我院收治的84例脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者作为研究对象,将患者分为两组各42例(随机数字表法),所有患者均需留置胃管。其中42例患者采用常规方法进行留置胃管作为对照组;另42例患者采用转头前倾法进行留置胃管作为观察组。观察两组患者置管成功率、不良反应发生率、生活质量以及护理人员对吞咽功能障碍摄食训练相关知识的知晓率情况。结果观察组一次置管成功率和再次置管成功率分别为92.86%、100.00%,均高于对照组的76.19%、30.00%,均有差异(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组的不良反应发生率(4.76%vs 19.05%),有差异(P<0.05)。干预前两组患者生活质量各评分对比无差异(P>0.05);干预后观察组生活质量各评分均优于对照组,均有差异(P<0.05)。培训后护理人员对吞咽功能障碍摄食训练相关知识的知晓率为96.67%,明显高于培训前的53.33%,有差异(P<0.05)。结论转头前倾法能使护理人员更好掌握吞咽功能障碍摄食训练的相关知识,有效提高脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者留置胃管的成功率,降低不良反应发生率,进一步提高患者生活质量,值得临床应用及推广。

不同术式喉癌患者术后吞咽功能、认知功能的比较及其危险因素分析

目的 分析不同术式喉癌患者术后吞咽功能、认知功能的比较及其危险因素。方法 回顾性选取2020年4月至2023年4月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的80例喉癌患者进行研究,根据手术方法不同将患者分为A组(n=26)、B组(n=27)、C组(n=27)。A组行水平半喉切除术,B组行环状软骨-舌骨-会厌固定术(CHEP),C组行垂直半喉切除术。对比三组患者的术后吞咽功能、认知功能,并建立多因素Logistic模型,分析影响术后吞咽功能、认知功能的独立危险因素。结果 C组术后吞咽功能0级率为70.37%,明显高于A(38.46%)、B组(37.04%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组术后MOCA、MMSE评分分别为(26.14±2.25)、(27.16±2.14)分,均明显高于A[(24.12±2.34)、(25.14±2.24)分]、B组[(24.45±2.45)、(25.36±2.18)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。80例患者的术后吞咽功能障碍发生率为51.25%,认知功能障碍发生率为60.00%。与吞咽功能正常组比较,障碍组年龄≥60岁、TNMⅢ期、颈部淋巴结清扫、气管切开术、水平半喉切除术、CHEP术患者占比较高;与认知功能正常组比较,障碍组年龄≥60岁、初中及以下、水平半喉切除术、CHEP术患者占比较高(P<0.05)。单因素和多因素Logistic分析结果显示,年龄、TNM分期、颈部淋巴结清扫、气管切开术、水平半喉切除术、CHEP术均是导致喉癌患者术后吞咽功能障碍的独立危险因素;年龄、文化程度、水平半喉切除术、CHEP术均是导致喉癌患者术后认知功能障碍的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 垂直半喉切除术手术对喉癌吞咽和认知功能影响较小,水平半喉切除术、CHEP和年龄、文化程度、临床分期等因素均有可能导致喉癌患者引发术后吞咽功能、认知功能障碍。