Genomic selection(GS)has been widely used in livestock,which greatly accelerated the genetic progress of complex traits.The population size was one of the significant factors affecting the prediction accuracy,while it...Genomic selection(GS)has been widely used in livestock,which greatly accelerated the genetic progress of complex traits.The population size was one of the significant factors affecting the prediction accuracy,while it was limited by the purebred population.Compared to directly combining two uncorrelated purebred populations to extend the reference population size,it might be more meaningful to incorporate the correlated crossbreds into reference population for genomic prediction.In this study,we simulated purebred offspring(PAS and PBS)and crossbred offspring(CAB)base on real genotype data of two base purebred populations(PA and PB),to evaluate the performance of genomic selection on purebred while incorporating crossbred information.The results showed that selecting key crossbred individuals via maximizing the expected genetic relationship(REL)was better than the other methods(individuals closet or farthest to the purebred population,CP/FP)in term of the prediction accuracy.Furthermore,the prediction accuracy of reference populations combining PA and CAB was significantly better only based on PA,which was similar to combine PA and PAS.Moreover,the rank correlation between the multiple of the increased relationship(MIR)and reliability improvement was 0.60-0.70.But for individuals with low correlation(Cor(Pi,PA or B),the reliability improvement was significantly lower than other individuals.Our findings suggested that incorporating crossbred into purebred population could improve the performance of genetic prediction compared with using the purebred population only.The genetic relationship between purebred and crossbred population is a key factor determining the increased reliability while incorporating crossbred population in the genomic prediction on pure bred individuals.展开更多
The leopard coral grouper(Plectropomus leopardus)is a species of significant economic importance.Although artificial cultivation of P.leopardus has thrived in recent decades,the advancement of selective breeding has b...The leopard coral grouper(Plectropomus leopardus)is a species of significant economic importance.Although artificial cultivation of P.leopardus has thrived in recent decades,the advancement of selective breeding has been hindered by the lack of comprehensive population genomic data.In this study,we identified over 8.73 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)through whole-genome resequencing of 326 individuals spanning six distinct groups.Furthermore,we categorized 226 individuals with high-coverage sequencing depth(≥14×)into eight clusters based on their genetic profiles and phylogenetic relationships.Notably,four of these clusters exhibited pronounced genetic differentiation compared with the other populations.To identify potentially advantageous loci for P.leopardus,we examined genomic regions exhibiting selective sweeps by analyzing the nucleotide diversity(θπ)and fixation index(FST)in these four clusters.Using these high-coverage resequencing data,we successfully constructed the first haplotype reference panel specific to P.leopardus.This achievement holds promise for enabling high-quality,cost-effectiveimputationmethods.Additionally,we combined low-coverage sequencing data with imputation techniques for a genome-wide association study,aiming to identify candidate SNP loci and genes associated with growth traits.A significant concentration of these genes was observed on chromosome 17,which is primarily involved in skeletal muscle and embryonic development and cell proliferation.Notably,our detailed investigation of growth-related SNPs across the eight clusters revealed that cluster 5 harbored the most promising candidate SNPs,showing potential for genetic selective breeding efforts.These findings provide a robust toolkit and valuable insights into the management of germplasm resources and genome-driven breeding initiatives targeting P.leopardus.展开更多
This paper presents a 16-bit,18-MSPS(million samples per second)flash-assisted successive-approximation-register(SAR)analog-to-digital converter(ADC)utilizing hybrid synchronous and asynchronous(HYSAS)timing control l...This paper presents a 16-bit,18-MSPS(million samples per second)flash-assisted successive-approximation-register(SAR)analog-to-digital converter(ADC)utilizing hybrid synchronous and asynchronous(HYSAS)timing control logic based on an on-chip delay-locked loop(DLL).The HYSAS scheme can provide a longer settling time for the capacitive digital-to-analog converter(CDAC)than the synchronous and asynchronous SAR ADC.Therefore,the issue of incomplete settling or ringing in the DAC voltage for cases of either on-chip or off-chip reference voltage can be solved to a large extent.In addition,the fore-ground calibration of the CDAC’s mismatch is performed with a finite-impulse-response bandpass filter(FIR-BPF)based least-mean-square(LMS)algorithm in an off-chip FPGA(field programmable gate array).Fabricated in 40-nm CMOS process,the proto-type ADC achieves 94.02-dB spurious-free dynamic range(SFDR),and 75.98-dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio(SNDR)for a 2.88-MHz input under 18-MSPS sampling rate.展开更多
VIGS(Virus-induced gene silencing),a method for posttranscriptional gene silencing,is an effective technique for investigating the activities of genes in plants.Since there is no report for available VIGS system in St...VIGS(Virus-induced gene silencing),a method for posttranscriptional gene silencing,is an effective technique for investigating the activities of genes in plants.Since there is no report for available VIGS system in Styrax japonicus,the application of a VIGS approach that results in a gene knockdown to study gene function is limited.In this study,we compared the characteristics that could affect the viability of VIGS in S.japonicus,including the acetosyringone(AS)concentration,the Agrobacterium’s optical density and the inoculation method.The stable reference genes of S.japonicus were selected to validate the gene’s knockdown by quantitative PCR.As a result,we successfully constructed 2 VIGS systems based on TRV virus:vacuum with AS concentration of 200μmol·L^(-1)and OD600of 0.5,and friction-osmosis with AS concentration of 200μmol·L^(-1)and OD600of 1.0,which silencing efficiency was 83.33%and 74.19%,respectively.The successfully applied VIGS method provides a rapid and effective reverse gene functional analysis approach in S.japonicus to identify unknown gene functions.展开更多
With the development of cutting-edge multi-object spectrographs,fiber positioners located in the focal plane are being scaled down in size,and miniature hollow-cup Permanent Magnet motors are now being considered as a...With the development of cutting-edge multi-object spectrographs,fiber positioners located in the focal plane are being scaled down in size,and miniature hollow-cup Permanent Magnet motors are now being considered as a suitable replacement for Faulhaber Precistep stepper motors.However,the small electrical time constant of such coreless motors poses a challenge,as the problem of severe commutation torque ripple in a fiber positioner running a position loop has been tricky.To overcome this challenge,it is advised to increase the Pulse Width Modulation(PWM)frequency as much as possible to mitigate the effects of the current fluctuation.This must be done while ensuring adequate resolution of the PWM generator.By employing a voltage open-loop field-oriented control based on a modulation frequency of 1 MHz,the drive current only costs 25 m A under a 3.3 V power supply.The sine degree of phase current is immaculate,and the repeat positioning accuracy can reach 2μm.Moreover,it is possible to further shrink the bill of devices and the layout area of the Printed Circuit Board,especially in sizesensitive applications.This device has been developed under the new generation of The Large Sky Area MultiObject Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope.展开更多
The fingerprinting-based approach using the wireless local area network(WLAN)is widely used for indoor localization.However,the construction of the fingerprint database is quite time-consuming.Especially when the posi...The fingerprinting-based approach using the wireless local area network(WLAN)is widely used for indoor localization.However,the construction of the fingerprint database is quite time-consuming.Especially when the position of the access point(AP)or wall changes,updating the fingerprint database in real-time is difficult.An appropriate indoor localization approach,which has a low implementation cost,excellent real-time performance,and high localization accuracy and fully considers complex indoor environment factors,is preferred in location-based services(LBSs)applications.In this paper,we proposed a fine-grained grid computing(FGGC)model to achieve decimeter-level localization accuracy.Reference points(RPs)are generated in the grid by the FGGC model.Then,the received signal strength(RSS)values at each RP are calculated with the attenuation factors,such as the frequency band,three-dimensional propagation distance,and walls in complex environments.As a result,the fingerprint database can be established automatically without manual measurement,and the efficiency and cost that the FGGC model takes for the fingerprint database are superior to previous methods.The proposed indoor localization approach,which estimates the position step by step from the approximate grid location to the fine-grained location,can achieve higher real-time performance and localization accuracy simultaneously.The mean error of the proposed model is 0.36 m,far lower than that of previous approaches.Thus,the proposed model is feasible to improve the efficiency and accuracy of Wi-Fi indoor localization.It also shows high-accuracy performance with a fast running speed even under a large-size grid.The results indicate that the proposed method can also be suitable for precise marketing,indoor navigation,and emergency rescue.展开更多
Purpose – Straightness measurement of rail weld joint is of essential importance to railway maintenance. Dueto the lack of efficient measurement equipment, there has been limited in-depth research on rail weld joint ...Purpose – Straightness measurement of rail weld joint is of essential importance to railway maintenance. Dueto the lack of efficient measurement equipment, there has been limited in-depth research on rail weld joint with a5-m wavelength range, leaving a significant knowledge gap in this field.Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the authors used the well-established inertial referencemethod (IR-method), and the state-of-the-art multi-point chord reference method (MCR-method). Two methodshave been applied in different types of rail straightness measurement trollies, respectively. These instrumentswere tested in a high-speed rail section within a certain region of China. The test results were ultimatelyvalidated through using traditional straightedge and feeler gauge methods as reference data to evaluate the railweld joint straightness within the 5-m wavelength range.Findings – The research reveals that IR-method and MCR-method produce reasonably similar measurementresults for wavelengths below 1 m. However, MCR-method outperforms IR-method in terms of accuracy forwavelengths exceeding 3 m. Furthermore, it was observed that IR-method, while operating at a slower speed,carries the risk of derailing and is incapable of detecting rail weld joints and low joints within the track.Originality/value – The research compare two methods’ measurement effects in a longer wavelength rangeand demonstrate the superiority of MCR-method.展开更多
Channel equalization plays a pivotal role within the reconstruction phase of passive radar reference signals.In the context of reconstructing digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB)signals for low-slow-small...Channel equalization plays a pivotal role within the reconstruction phase of passive radar reference signals.In the context of reconstructing digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB)signals for low-slow-small(LSS)target detection,a novel frequency domain block joint equalization algorithm is presented in this article.From the DTMB signal frame structure and channel multipath transmission characteristics,this article adopts a unconventional approach where the delay and frame structure of each DTMB signal frame are reconfigured to create a circular convolution block,facilitating concurrent fast Fourier transform(FFT)calculations.Following equalization,an inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)-based joint output and subsequent data reordering are executed to finalize the equalization process for the DTMB signal.Simulation and measured data confirm that this algorithm outperforms conventional techniques by reducing signal errors rate and enhancing real-time processing.In passive radar LSS detection,it effectively suppresses multipath and noise through frequency domain equalization,reducing false alarms and improving the capabilities of weak target detection.展开更多
Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals are crucial for delivering high-quality patient care.Interdepartmental miscommunication poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems,pote...Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals are crucial for delivering high-quality patient care.Interdepartmental miscommunication poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems,potentially undermining the quality of healthcare services provided.In the same manner,communication barriers between referring physicians and radiologists can specifically affect radiology services and patient outcomes.This article attempts to put the spotlight on the ever-present chronic challenges of this issue and prompt readers to recognize the relevant potential pitfalls in their daily clinical practice.Practical solutions are explored and proposed,which should be tailored to the specific needs and issues that each individual institution may face.展开更多
It is still a huge challenge for traditional Pareto-dominatedmany-objective optimization algorithms to solve manyobjective optimization problems because these algorithms hardly maintain the balance between convergence...It is still a huge challenge for traditional Pareto-dominatedmany-objective optimization algorithms to solve manyobjective optimization problems because these algorithms hardly maintain the balance between convergence and diversity and can only find a group of solutions focused on a small area on the Pareto front,resulting in poor performance of those algorithms.For this reason,we propose a reference vector-assisted algorithmwith an adaptive niche dominance relation,for short MaOEA-AR.The new dominance relation forms a niche based on the angle between candidate solutions.By comparing these solutions,the solutionwith the best convergence is found to be the non-dominated solution to improve the selection pressure.In reproduction,a mutation strategy of k-bit crossover and hybrid mutation is used to generate high-quality offspring.On 23 test problems with up to 15-objective,we compared the proposed algorithm with five state-of-the-art algorithms.The experimental results verified that the proposed algorithm is competitive.展开更多
The objectives of this work were to evaluate the surgical activities carried out in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako, to describe the sociodemographic characteristic...The objectives of this work were to evaluate the surgical activities carried out in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako, to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the operated patients, to determine the main pathologies encountered and to evaluate qualitatively the result of the treatment. In order to improve performance, and the quality of care, and to identify common pathologies in the surgical department, we undertook a retrospective study on surgical activities from January 2009 to December 2010. At the end of this study, out of 474 men and 187 women (equal sex ratio 2.53);we were able to determine the frequency of surgical pathologies. Farmers, housewives and pupils/students were the most represented with 25.9% respectively;20% and 13.3%. The most frequently observed pathologies were wall hernia (44.8%), prostate adenoma (12%) and acute appendicitis (10.5%). The average length of hospitalization was 3.43 days. Infectious complications affected 25 patients (3.8% of cases) and a death rate of 0.45% (i.e. 3 patients). The average cost of care was 53,500 FCFA. Indeed, the reality of surgical practice in health centers was not the same because of the level of skills of practicing surgeons.展开更多
This paper presents a hypothesis regarding the existence of time fused in spacetime, assuming that time possesses the properties of both a particle and a field. This duality is referred to as the field-particle of tim...This paper presents a hypothesis regarding the existence of time fused in spacetime, assuming that time possesses the properties of both a particle and a field. This duality is referred to as the field-particle of time (FPT). The analysis shows that when the FPT moves through matter, it causes time dilation. The FPT is also a significant element that appears in relativistic kinetic energy (KE = (γ - 1) · mc<sup>2</sup>). Accelerating matter to near the speed of light requires relativistic energy approaching infinity, which corresponds to the relativistic kinetic energy. Meanwhile, the potential energy (PE = mc<sup>2</sup>) from the rest mass remains constant. Then, the mass-energy equation can be rearranged in terms of PE and KE, as shown in E = (1 + (γ - 1)) · mc<sup>2</sup>. The relativistic energy of the FPT also directly affects the gravitational attraction of matter. It transfers energy to each other through spacetime. The analysis demonstrates that the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the distance squared, following Newton’s law of gravity, and it varies with the relative velocity of matter. The relationship equation between relative time and the gravitational constant indicates that a higher intensity of the gravitational field leads to a slower reference time for matter, in accordance with the general theory of relativity. A thought experiment presents a comparison of two atomic clocks placed in different locations. The first one is placed in a room temperature, around 25°C, on the surface of the Earth, and the second one is placed in high-density areas. The analysis, considering the presence of the FPT, shows that the reference time slows down in high-density areas. Therefore, the second clock must be noticeably slower than the first one, indicating the existence of the FPT passing through both atomic clocks at different speeds.展开更多
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the level of X-ray doses used in childhood’s head as Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) in computed tomography (CT) at a university hospital in Côte d’Ivoire. The ...Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the level of X-ray doses used in childhood’s head as Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) in computed tomography (CT) at a university hospital in Côte d’Ivoire. The Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) have been set up and used to prevent unusually high radiation doses used in radiology departments and is therefore an optimization tool for practices and procedures in medical X-ray imaging for the radiation protection of patients. Methods: A prospective study of volume CT dose index (CTDI<sub>vol</sub>) and dose length product (DLP) was performed on images of childhood’s head obtained from a CT-scanner of 64 bars equipped with the tube current modulation capability and manufactured by Hitachi Medical System. 122 CT-scan data from 55 childhood’s head were analyzed. The scan data were stratified in four age groups: Results: The 75th percentile of CTDI<sub>vol</sub> and DLP (set as LDRL) obtained with respect to the stratified age groups are: 22.5 mGy and 452.5 mGy∙cm, 27.7 mGy and 690.6 mGy∙cm, 28 mGy and 722.4 mGy∙cm, 33.6 mGy and 736.8 mGy∙cm respectively. These outcome values increase with respect to the age of pediatric patients and are comparable to DRLs values obtained internationally. Conclusions: Obtaining good image quality while using low dose in children’s head computed tomography for radiation protection require to setup more surveys in Côte d’Ivoire for regional and national DRL. We proposed through this survey LDRLs in terms of CTDI<sub>vol</sub> and DLP, comparable to international DRLs values. This survey will be strengthened by additional surveys in order to obtain national DRLs for the radiation protection of the child patient in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
The importance of developing high-resolution seismic models to improve understanding of tectonic processes and enhance seismic hazard mitigation programs,along with the rapid expansion of seismic coverage in China,cal...The importance of developing high-resolution seismic models to improve understanding of tectonic processes and enhance seismic hazard mitigation programs,along with the rapid expansion of seismic coverage in China,called for a seismological reference model to be established in China.The China Seismological Reference Model(CSRM)project was initiated by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with two primary goals:(1)the CSRM would serve as a primary source for the current state of seismological research in China,and(2)the seismic data and constraints used to construct the CSRM would be used as a backbone open-access cyberinfrastructure for future research in seismology.The CSRM project was also intended to promote data exchange and scientific collaboration in seismology in China.Accordingly,two parallel efforts of the project are being pursued:(1)construction of the CSRM,and(2)development of a CSRM product center.The CSRM is jointly constrained by various types of seismic constraints extracted from the seismic data recorded at 4511 seismic stations in continental China following a top-down approach,with the seismic structures in the shallower part of the Earth constrained first.Construction of the CSRM involves three preparation steps:(1)building datasets of various seismic constraints from the seismic data,(2)developing a method to incorporate the constraints of surface wave observations from regional earthquakes into the inversion of the seismic structure,and(3)constructing high-resolution pre-CSRM seismic models of the velocity structure in the shallow crust and the Pn-velocity structure in the uppermost mantle.In the final process,the CSRM will be constructed by jointly inverting all the seismic constraints using the pre-CSRM models as starting models or a priori structures.The CSRM product center(http://chinageorefmodel.org)archives and distributes three types of products:CSRM models,the Level 1 original seismic data used to extract seismic constraints in the construction of the CSRM,and Level 2 data on the seismic constraints derived from the Level 1 data and the inferred earthquake parameters in the construction of the CSRM.The CSRM product center has archived 141 TB of Level 1 data from 1120 permanent broadband stations in the China Seismic Network Center and 3391 temporary stations from various institutions and data centers around the world,as well as 140 GB of Level 2 data on various seismic constraints and inferred event parameters from the construction of the CSRM.The CSRM is expected to provide significant insights into the composition and tectonic dynamics in continental China and to enhance the capability of various seismic hazard mitigation programs in China from near real-time rapid determination of earthquake parameters to an earthquake early warning system.The CSRM could also provide guidance for focuses in future seismological research and the design of future active and passive seismic experiments in China.Several focuses are suggested for future seismological research in China,along with the building of a national cyberinfrastructure to sustain and expand the operations of the CSRM project.展开更多
Objective:As an important part of metabolomics analysis,untargeted metabolomics has become a powerful tool in the study of tumor mechanisms and the discovery of metabolic markers with high-throughput spectrometric dat...Objective:As an important part of metabolomics analysis,untargeted metabolomics has become a powerful tool in the study of tumor mechanisms and the discovery of metabolic markers with high-throughput spectrometric data which also poses great challenges to data analysis,from the extraction of raw data to the identification of differential metabolites.To date,a large number of analytical tools and processes have been developed and constructed to serve untargeted metabolomics research.The different selection of analytical tools and parameter settings lead to varied results of untargeted metabolomics data.Our goal is to establish an easily operated platform and obtain a repeatable analysis result.Methods:We used the R language basic environment to construct the preprocessing system of the original data and the LAMP(Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP)architecture to build a cloud mass spectrum data analysis system.Results:An open-source analysis software for untargeted metabolomics data(openNAU)was constructed.It includes the extraction of raw mass data and quality control for the identification of differential metabolic ion peaks.A reference metabolomics database based on public databases was also constructed.Conclusions:A complete analysis system platform for untargeted metabolomics was established.This platform provides a complete template interface for the addition and updating of the analysis process,so we can finish complex analyses of untargeted metabolomics with simple human-computer interactions.The source code can be downloaded from https://github.com/zjuRong/openNAU.展开更多
Correction to:NUCL SCI TECH(2023)34:63 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01213-3 While typesetting,reference[16]in the list has not been properly placed in the proof.The orders of the references[13-16]were mistaken b...Correction to:NUCL SCI TECH(2023)34:63 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01213-3 While typesetting,reference[16]in the list has not been properly placed in the proof.The orders of the references[13-16]were mistaken by the production.The correct order of the references is.展开更多
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022078)supported by the National Supercomputer Centre in Guangzhou。
文摘Genomic selection(GS)has been widely used in livestock,which greatly accelerated the genetic progress of complex traits.The population size was one of the significant factors affecting the prediction accuracy,while it was limited by the purebred population.Compared to directly combining two uncorrelated purebred populations to extend the reference population size,it might be more meaningful to incorporate the correlated crossbreds into reference population for genomic prediction.In this study,we simulated purebred offspring(PAS and PBS)and crossbred offspring(CAB)base on real genotype data of two base purebred populations(PA and PB),to evaluate the performance of genomic selection on purebred while incorporating crossbred information.The results showed that selecting key crossbred individuals via maximizing the expected genetic relationship(REL)was better than the other methods(individuals closet or farthest to the purebred population,CP/FP)in term of the prediction accuracy.Furthermore,the prediction accuracy of reference populations combining PA and CAB was significantly better only based on PA,which was similar to combine PA and PAS.Moreover,the rank correlation between the multiple of the increased relationship(MIR)and reliability improvement was 0.60-0.70.But for individuals with low correlation(Cor(Pi,PA or B),the reliability improvement was significantly lower than other individuals.Our findings suggested that incorporating crossbred into purebred population could improve the performance of genetic prediction compared with using the purebred population only.The genetic relationship between purebred and crossbred population is a key factor determining the increased reliability while incorporating crossbred population in the genomic prediction on pure bred individuals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2400501)Key R&D Project of Hainan Province (ZDYF2021XDNY133)+2 种基金Project of Sanya Yazhouwan Science and Technology City Management Foundation (SKJC-2020-02-009)PhD Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (HSPHDSRF-2022-02-007)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2023QNRC001)。
文摘The leopard coral grouper(Plectropomus leopardus)is a species of significant economic importance.Although artificial cultivation of P.leopardus has thrived in recent decades,the advancement of selective breeding has been hindered by the lack of comprehensive population genomic data.In this study,we identified over 8.73 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)through whole-genome resequencing of 326 individuals spanning six distinct groups.Furthermore,we categorized 226 individuals with high-coverage sequencing depth(≥14×)into eight clusters based on their genetic profiles and phylogenetic relationships.Notably,four of these clusters exhibited pronounced genetic differentiation compared with the other populations.To identify potentially advantageous loci for P.leopardus,we examined genomic regions exhibiting selective sweeps by analyzing the nucleotide diversity(θπ)and fixation index(FST)in these four clusters.Using these high-coverage resequencing data,we successfully constructed the first haplotype reference panel specific to P.leopardus.This achievement holds promise for enabling high-quality,cost-effectiveimputationmethods.Additionally,we combined low-coverage sequencing data with imputation techniques for a genome-wide association study,aiming to identify candidate SNP loci and genes associated with growth traits.A significant concentration of these genes was observed on chromosome 17,which is primarily involved in skeletal muscle and embryonic development and cell proliferation.Notably,our detailed investigation of growth-related SNPs across the eight clusters revealed that cluster 5 harbored the most promising candidate SNPs,showing potential for genetic selective breeding efforts.These findings provide a robust toolkit and valuable insights into the management of germplasm resources and genome-driven breeding initiatives targeting P.leopardus.
基金supported by Qingdao Hi-image Technologies Co.,Ltd,and in part by the NSFC of China under Grant 62174149,61974118,62004156the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2022YFC2404902.
文摘This paper presents a 16-bit,18-MSPS(million samples per second)flash-assisted successive-approximation-register(SAR)analog-to-digital converter(ADC)utilizing hybrid synchronous and asynchronous(HYSAS)timing control logic based on an on-chip delay-locked loop(DLL).The HYSAS scheme can provide a longer settling time for the capacitive digital-to-analog converter(CDAC)than the synchronous and asynchronous SAR ADC.Therefore,the issue of incomplete settling or ringing in the DAC voltage for cases of either on-chip or off-chip reference voltage can be solved to a large extent.In addition,the fore-ground calibration of the CDAC’s mismatch is performed with a finite-impulse-response bandpass filter(FIR-BPF)based least-mean-square(LMS)algorithm in an off-chip FPGA(field programmable gate array).Fabricated in 40-nm CMOS process,the proto-type ADC achieves 94.02-dB spurious-free dynamic range(SFDR),and 75.98-dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio(SNDR)for a 2.88-MHz input under 18-MSPS sampling rate.
基金supported by the Subject of Key R&D Plan of Shandong Province(Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project)“Mining and Accurate Identification of Forest Tree Germplasm Resources”(Grant Nos.2021LZGC02303)Science&Technology Specific Projects in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta(Grant No.022SZX16)。
文摘VIGS(Virus-induced gene silencing),a method for posttranscriptional gene silencing,is an effective technique for investigating the activities of genes in plants.Since there is no report for available VIGS system in Styrax japonicus,the application of a VIGS approach that results in a gene knockdown to study gene function is limited.In this study,we compared the characteristics that could affect the viability of VIGS in S.japonicus,including the acetosyringone(AS)concentration,the Agrobacterium’s optical density and the inoculation method.The stable reference genes of S.japonicus were selected to validate the gene’s knockdown by quantitative PCR.As a result,we successfully constructed 2 VIGS systems based on TRV virus:vacuum with AS concentration of 200μmol·L^(-1)and OD600of 0.5,and friction-osmosis with AS concentration of 200μmol·L^(-1)and OD600of 1.0,which silencing efficiency was 83.33%and 74.19%,respectively.The successfully applied VIGS method provides a rapid and effective reverse gene functional analysis approach in S.japonicus to identify unknown gene functions.
文摘With the development of cutting-edge multi-object spectrographs,fiber positioners located in the focal plane are being scaled down in size,and miniature hollow-cup Permanent Magnet motors are now being considered as a suitable replacement for Faulhaber Precistep stepper motors.However,the small electrical time constant of such coreless motors poses a challenge,as the problem of severe commutation torque ripple in a fiber positioner running a position loop has been tricky.To overcome this challenge,it is advised to increase the Pulse Width Modulation(PWM)frequency as much as possible to mitigate the effects of the current fluctuation.This must be done while ensuring adequate resolution of the PWM generator.By employing a voltage open-loop field-oriented control based on a modulation frequency of 1 MHz,the drive current only costs 25 m A under a 3.3 V power supply.The sine degree of phase current is immaculate,and the repeat positioning accuracy can reach 2μm.Moreover,it is possible to further shrink the bill of devices and the layout area of the Printed Circuit Board,especially in sizesensitive applications.This device has been developed under the new generation of The Large Sky Area MultiObject Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope.
基金the Open Project of Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science for Language Intelligence in Special Education under Grant No.YYZN-2023-4the Ph.D.Fund of Chengdu Technological University under Grant No.2020RC002.
文摘The fingerprinting-based approach using the wireless local area network(WLAN)is widely used for indoor localization.However,the construction of the fingerprint database is quite time-consuming.Especially when the position of the access point(AP)or wall changes,updating the fingerprint database in real-time is difficult.An appropriate indoor localization approach,which has a low implementation cost,excellent real-time performance,and high localization accuracy and fully considers complex indoor environment factors,is preferred in location-based services(LBSs)applications.In this paper,we proposed a fine-grained grid computing(FGGC)model to achieve decimeter-level localization accuracy.Reference points(RPs)are generated in the grid by the FGGC model.Then,the received signal strength(RSS)values at each RP are calculated with the attenuation factors,such as the frequency band,three-dimensional propagation distance,and walls in complex environments.As a result,the fingerprint database can be established automatically without manual measurement,and the efficiency and cost that the FGGC model takes for the fingerprint database are superior to previous methods.The proposed indoor localization approach,which estimates the position step by step from the approximate grid location to the fine-grained location,can achieve higher real-time performance and localization accuracy simultaneously.The mean error of the proposed model is 0.36 m,far lower than that of previous approaches.Thus,the proposed model is feasible to improve the efficiency and accuracy of Wi-Fi indoor localization.It also shows high-accuracy performance with a fast running speed even under a large-size grid.The results indicate that the proposed method can also be suitable for precise marketing,indoor navigation,and emergency rescue.
文摘Purpose – Straightness measurement of rail weld joint is of essential importance to railway maintenance. Dueto the lack of efficient measurement equipment, there has been limited in-depth research on rail weld joint with a5-m wavelength range, leaving a significant knowledge gap in this field.Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the authors used the well-established inertial referencemethod (IR-method), and the state-of-the-art multi-point chord reference method (MCR-method). Two methodshave been applied in different types of rail straightness measurement trollies, respectively. These instrumentswere tested in a high-speed rail section within a certain region of China. The test results were ultimatelyvalidated through using traditional straightedge and feeler gauge methods as reference data to evaluate the railweld joint straightness within the 5-m wavelength range.Findings – The research reveals that IR-method and MCR-method produce reasonably similar measurementresults for wavelengths below 1 m. However, MCR-method outperforms IR-method in terms of accuracy forwavelengths exceeding 3 m. Furthermore, it was observed that IR-method, while operating at a slower speed,carries the risk of derailing and is incapable of detecting rail weld joints and low joints within the track.Originality/value – The research compare two methods’ measurement effects in a longer wavelength rangeand demonstrate the superiority of MCR-method.
文摘Channel equalization plays a pivotal role within the reconstruction phase of passive radar reference signals.In the context of reconstructing digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB)signals for low-slow-small(LSS)target detection,a novel frequency domain block joint equalization algorithm is presented in this article.From the DTMB signal frame structure and channel multipath transmission characteristics,this article adopts a unconventional approach where the delay and frame structure of each DTMB signal frame are reconfigured to create a circular convolution block,facilitating concurrent fast Fourier transform(FFT)calculations.Following equalization,an inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)-based joint output and subsequent data reordering are executed to finalize the equalization process for the DTMB signal.Simulation and measured data confirm that this algorithm outperforms conventional techniques by reducing signal errors rate and enhancing real-time processing.In passive radar LSS detection,it effectively suppresses multipath and noise through frequency domain equalization,reducing false alarms and improving the capabilities of weak target detection.
文摘Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals are crucial for delivering high-quality patient care.Interdepartmental miscommunication poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems,potentially undermining the quality of healthcare services provided.In the same manner,communication barriers between referring physicians and radiologists can specifically affect radiology services and patient outcomes.This article attempts to put the spotlight on the ever-present chronic challenges of this issue and prompt readers to recognize the relevant potential pitfalls in their daily clinical practice.Practical solutions are explored and proposed,which should be tailored to the specific needs and issues that each individual institution may face.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61976101)the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.2023AH040056)+4 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province(Graduate Research Project,Grant No.YJS20210463)the Funding Plan for Scientic Research Activities of Academic and Technical Leaders and Reserve Candidates in Anhui Province(Grant No.2021H264)the Top Talent Project of Disciplines(Majors)in Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(Grant No.gxbjZD2022021)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province,China(GXXT-2022-033)supported by the Innovation Fund for Postgraduates of Huaibei Normal University(Grant Nos.cx2022041,yx2021023,CX2023043).
文摘It is still a huge challenge for traditional Pareto-dominatedmany-objective optimization algorithms to solve manyobjective optimization problems because these algorithms hardly maintain the balance between convergence and diversity and can only find a group of solutions focused on a small area on the Pareto front,resulting in poor performance of those algorithms.For this reason,we propose a reference vector-assisted algorithmwith an adaptive niche dominance relation,for short MaOEA-AR.The new dominance relation forms a niche based on the angle between candidate solutions.By comparing these solutions,the solutionwith the best convergence is found to be the non-dominated solution to improve the selection pressure.In reproduction,a mutation strategy of k-bit crossover and hybrid mutation is used to generate high-quality offspring.On 23 test problems with up to 15-objective,we compared the proposed algorithm with five state-of-the-art algorithms.The experimental results verified that the proposed algorithm is competitive.
文摘The objectives of this work were to evaluate the surgical activities carried out in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako, to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the operated patients, to determine the main pathologies encountered and to evaluate qualitatively the result of the treatment. In order to improve performance, and the quality of care, and to identify common pathologies in the surgical department, we undertook a retrospective study on surgical activities from January 2009 to December 2010. At the end of this study, out of 474 men and 187 women (equal sex ratio 2.53);we were able to determine the frequency of surgical pathologies. Farmers, housewives and pupils/students were the most represented with 25.9% respectively;20% and 13.3%. The most frequently observed pathologies were wall hernia (44.8%), prostate adenoma (12%) and acute appendicitis (10.5%). The average length of hospitalization was 3.43 days. Infectious complications affected 25 patients (3.8% of cases) and a death rate of 0.45% (i.e. 3 patients). The average cost of care was 53,500 FCFA. Indeed, the reality of surgical practice in health centers was not the same because of the level of skills of practicing surgeons.
文摘This paper presents a hypothesis regarding the existence of time fused in spacetime, assuming that time possesses the properties of both a particle and a field. This duality is referred to as the field-particle of time (FPT). The analysis shows that when the FPT moves through matter, it causes time dilation. The FPT is also a significant element that appears in relativistic kinetic energy (KE = (γ - 1) · mc<sup>2</sup>). Accelerating matter to near the speed of light requires relativistic energy approaching infinity, which corresponds to the relativistic kinetic energy. Meanwhile, the potential energy (PE = mc<sup>2</sup>) from the rest mass remains constant. Then, the mass-energy equation can be rearranged in terms of PE and KE, as shown in E = (1 + (γ - 1)) · mc<sup>2</sup>. The relativistic energy of the FPT also directly affects the gravitational attraction of matter. It transfers energy to each other through spacetime. The analysis demonstrates that the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the distance squared, following Newton’s law of gravity, and it varies with the relative velocity of matter. The relationship equation between relative time and the gravitational constant indicates that a higher intensity of the gravitational field leads to a slower reference time for matter, in accordance with the general theory of relativity. A thought experiment presents a comparison of two atomic clocks placed in different locations. The first one is placed in a room temperature, around 25°C, on the surface of the Earth, and the second one is placed in high-density areas. The analysis, considering the presence of the FPT, shows that the reference time slows down in high-density areas. Therefore, the second clock must be noticeably slower than the first one, indicating the existence of the FPT passing through both atomic clocks at different speeds.
文摘Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the level of X-ray doses used in childhood’s head as Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) in computed tomography (CT) at a university hospital in Côte d’Ivoire. The Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) have been set up and used to prevent unusually high radiation doses used in radiology departments and is therefore an optimization tool for practices and procedures in medical X-ray imaging for the radiation protection of patients. Methods: A prospective study of volume CT dose index (CTDI<sub>vol</sub>) and dose length product (DLP) was performed on images of childhood’s head obtained from a CT-scanner of 64 bars equipped with the tube current modulation capability and manufactured by Hitachi Medical System. 122 CT-scan data from 55 childhood’s head were analyzed. The scan data were stratified in four age groups: Results: The 75th percentile of CTDI<sub>vol</sub> and DLP (set as LDRL) obtained with respect to the stratified age groups are: 22.5 mGy and 452.5 mGy∙cm, 27.7 mGy and 690.6 mGy∙cm, 28 mGy and 722.4 mGy∙cm, 33.6 mGy and 736.8 mGy∙cm respectively. These outcome values increase with respect to the age of pediatric patients and are comparable to DRLs values obtained internationally. Conclusions: Obtaining good image quality while using low dose in children’s head computed tomography for radiation protection require to setup more surveys in Côte d’Ivoire for regional and national DRL. We proposed through this survey LDRLs in terms of CTDI<sub>vol</sub> and DLP, comparable to international DRLs values. This survey will be strengthened by additional surveys in order to obtain national DRLs for the radiation protection of the child patient in Côte d’Ivoire.
基金the NSFC has funded 40 research grants for studying the seismic structure beneath continental China, including a grant NSFC42250201 focusing on the CSRM project
文摘The importance of developing high-resolution seismic models to improve understanding of tectonic processes and enhance seismic hazard mitigation programs,along with the rapid expansion of seismic coverage in China,called for a seismological reference model to be established in China.The China Seismological Reference Model(CSRM)project was initiated by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with two primary goals:(1)the CSRM would serve as a primary source for the current state of seismological research in China,and(2)the seismic data and constraints used to construct the CSRM would be used as a backbone open-access cyberinfrastructure for future research in seismology.The CSRM project was also intended to promote data exchange and scientific collaboration in seismology in China.Accordingly,two parallel efforts of the project are being pursued:(1)construction of the CSRM,and(2)development of a CSRM product center.The CSRM is jointly constrained by various types of seismic constraints extracted from the seismic data recorded at 4511 seismic stations in continental China following a top-down approach,with the seismic structures in the shallower part of the Earth constrained first.Construction of the CSRM involves three preparation steps:(1)building datasets of various seismic constraints from the seismic data,(2)developing a method to incorporate the constraints of surface wave observations from regional earthquakes into the inversion of the seismic structure,and(3)constructing high-resolution pre-CSRM seismic models of the velocity structure in the shallow crust and the Pn-velocity structure in the uppermost mantle.In the final process,the CSRM will be constructed by jointly inverting all the seismic constraints using the pre-CSRM models as starting models or a priori structures.The CSRM product center(http://chinageorefmodel.org)archives and distributes three types of products:CSRM models,the Level 1 original seismic data used to extract seismic constraints in the construction of the CSRM,and Level 2 data on the seismic constraints derived from the Level 1 data and the inferred earthquake parameters in the construction of the CSRM.The CSRM product center has archived 141 TB of Level 1 data from 1120 permanent broadband stations in the China Seismic Network Center and 3391 temporary stations from various institutions and data centers around the world,as well as 140 GB of Level 2 data on various seismic constraints and inferred event parameters from the construction of the CSRM.The CSRM is expected to provide significant insights into the composition and tectonic dynamics in continental China and to enhance the capability of various seismic hazard mitigation programs in China from near real-time rapid determination of earthquake parameters to an earthquake early warning system.The CSRM could also provide guidance for focuses in future seismological research and the design of future active and passive seismic experiments in China.Several focuses are suggested for future seismological research in China,along with the building of a national cyberinfrastructure to sustain and expand the operations of the CSRM project.
文摘Objective:As an important part of metabolomics analysis,untargeted metabolomics has become a powerful tool in the study of tumor mechanisms and the discovery of metabolic markers with high-throughput spectrometric data which also poses great challenges to data analysis,from the extraction of raw data to the identification of differential metabolites.To date,a large number of analytical tools and processes have been developed and constructed to serve untargeted metabolomics research.The different selection of analytical tools and parameter settings lead to varied results of untargeted metabolomics data.Our goal is to establish an easily operated platform and obtain a repeatable analysis result.Methods:We used the R language basic environment to construct the preprocessing system of the original data and the LAMP(Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP)architecture to build a cloud mass spectrum data analysis system.Results:An open-source analysis software for untargeted metabolomics data(openNAU)was constructed.It includes the extraction of raw mass data and quality control for the identification of differential metabolic ion peaks.A reference metabolomics database based on public databases was also constructed.Conclusions:A complete analysis system platform for untargeted metabolomics was established.This platform provides a complete template interface for the addition and updating of the analysis process,so we can finish complex analyses of untargeted metabolomics with simple human-computer interactions.The source code can be downloaded from https://github.com/zjuRong/openNAU.
文摘Correction to:NUCL SCI TECH(2023)34:63 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01213-3 While typesetting,reference[16]in the list has not been properly placed in the proof.The orders of the references[13-16]were mistaken by the production.The correct order of the references is.