In accordance with the World Health Organization data,cancer remains at the forefront of fatal diseases.An upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality has been observed globally,emphasizing that efforts in developi...In accordance with the World Health Organization data,cancer remains at the forefront of fatal diseases.An upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality has been observed globally,emphasizing that efforts in developing detection and treatment methods should continue.The diagnostic path typically begins with learning the medical history of a patient;this is followed by basic blood tests and imaging tests to indicate where cancer may be located to schedule a needle biopsy.Prompt initiation of diagnosis is crucial since delayed cancer detection entails higher costs of treatment and hospitalization.Thus,there is a need for novel cancer detection methods such as liquid biopsy,elastography,synthetic biosensors,fluorescence imaging,and reflectance confocal microscopy.Conventional therapeutic methods,although still common in clinical practice,pose many limitations and are unsatisfactory.Nowadays,there is a dynamic advancement of clinical research and the development of more precise and effective methods such as oncolytic virotherapy,exosome-based therapy,nanotechnology,dendritic cells,chimeric antigen receptors,immune checkpoint inhibitors,natural product-based therapy,tumor-treating fields,and photodynamic therapy.The present paper compares available data on conventional and modern methods of cancer detection and therapy to facilitate an understanding of this rapidly advancing field and its future directions.As evidenced,modern methods are not without drawbacks;there is still a need to develop new detection strategies and therapeutic approaches to improve sensitivity,specificity,safety,and efficacy.Nevertheless,an appropriate route has been taken,as confirmed by the approval of some modern methods by the Food and Drug Administration.展开更多
The measurement of stratum corneum (SC) thickness from in-vivo Raman water concentration depth profiles is gaining in popularity and appeal due to the availability and ease of use of in-vivo confocal Raman measurement...The measurement of stratum corneum (SC) thickness from in-vivo Raman water concentration depth profiles is gaining in popularity and appeal due to the availability and ease of use of in-vivo confocal Raman measurement systems. The foundation of these measurements relies on high-quality confocal Raman spectroscopy of skin and the robust numerical analysis of water profiles, which allow for accurate determination of SC thickness. These measurements are useful for studying intrinsic skin hydration profiles at different body sites and for determining hydration properties of skin related to topically applied materials. While the use of high-quality in-vivo Raman instrumentation has become routine and its use for SC thickness measurement widely reported, there is lack of agreement as to the best method of computing SC thickness values from Raman water profiles. Several methods have been proposed and are currently in use for such computations, but none of these methods has been critically evaluated. The work reported in this paper describes a new method for the determination of stratum corneum thickness from in-vivo confocal Raman water profiles. The method represents a consensus approach to the problem, which was found necessary to apply in order to properly model and quantify the large diversity of water profile types encountered in typical in-vivo Raman water measurement. The methodology is evaluated for performance using three criteria: 1) frequency of minimum fitting error on modeling to a standard numerical function;2) frequency of minimum model error for consensus vs. individual SC thickness values;and 3) correlation with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) values for SC thickness. The correlation study shows this approach to be a reasonable replacement for the more tedious and time-consuming RCM method with R2 = 0.68 and RMS error = 3.7 microns over the three body sites tested (cheek, forearm and leg).展开更多
We report on two strategies to design and implement the galvanometer-based laser-scanning mechanisms for the realization of reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) microscopy systems....We report on two strategies to design and implement the galvanometer-based laser-scanning mechanisms for the realization of reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) microscopy systems. The RCM system uses a resonant galvanometer scanner driven by a home-built field-programmable gate array circuit with a novel dual-trigger mode and a home-built high-speed data acquisition card. The SRS system uses linear galvanometers with commercially available modules. We demonstrate video-rate high-resolution imaging at 11 frames per second of in vivo human skin with the RCM system and label-free biomolecular imaging of cancer cells with the SRS system. A comparison of the two strategies for controlling galvanometer scanners provides scientific and technical reference for future design and commercialization of various laser-scanning microscopes using galvanometers.展开更多
目的:研究臭氧外用对特应性皮炎患者皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌定植的作用及其与病情的相关性。方法:招募6~65岁中重度特应性皮炎患者,选取两侧对称皮损作为靶部位,对照侧靶部位皮损采用温水洗浴联合基础油外涂,治疗侧靶部位皮损及全身余处...目的:研究臭氧外用对特应性皮炎患者皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌定植的作用及其与病情的相关性。方法:招募6~65岁中重度特应性皮炎患者,选取两侧对称皮损作为靶部位,对照侧靶部位皮损采用温水洗浴联合基础油外涂,治疗侧靶部位皮损及全身余处用臭氧水洗浴并联合外用臭氧油,每天治疗2次,连续治疗7 d。定量检测靶部位皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌的变化,评估患者治疗前后靶部位皮损及全身病情变化,分析患者病情变化与皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌载量变化的相关性。结果:与治疗前及对照侧皮损比较,治疗第7天治疗侧靶部位皮损红斑和丘疹明显减少,瘙痒减轻;治疗侧靶部位皮损金黄色葡萄球菌载量在治疗第3,7天分别下降(75.55±21.81)%,(97.24±2.64)%;治疗第7天,治疗侧和对照侧金黄色葡萄球菌载量下降差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗第7天,患者的特应性皮炎评分(scoring of atopic dermatitis,SCORAD)、睡眠及瘙痒评分较治疗前均显著降低(P<0.01);臭氧治疗皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌载量下降率与SCORAD评分的下降率呈正相关(r=0.916,P=0.001)。结论:臭氧外用能有效减少特应性皮炎患者皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌的载量并缓解中重度特应性皮炎患者病情。展开更多
文摘In accordance with the World Health Organization data,cancer remains at the forefront of fatal diseases.An upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality has been observed globally,emphasizing that efforts in developing detection and treatment methods should continue.The diagnostic path typically begins with learning the medical history of a patient;this is followed by basic blood tests and imaging tests to indicate where cancer may be located to schedule a needle biopsy.Prompt initiation of diagnosis is crucial since delayed cancer detection entails higher costs of treatment and hospitalization.Thus,there is a need for novel cancer detection methods such as liquid biopsy,elastography,synthetic biosensors,fluorescence imaging,and reflectance confocal microscopy.Conventional therapeutic methods,although still common in clinical practice,pose many limitations and are unsatisfactory.Nowadays,there is a dynamic advancement of clinical research and the development of more precise and effective methods such as oncolytic virotherapy,exosome-based therapy,nanotechnology,dendritic cells,chimeric antigen receptors,immune checkpoint inhibitors,natural product-based therapy,tumor-treating fields,and photodynamic therapy.The present paper compares available data on conventional and modern methods of cancer detection and therapy to facilitate an understanding of this rapidly advancing field and its future directions.As evidenced,modern methods are not without drawbacks;there is still a need to develop new detection strategies and therapeutic approaches to improve sensitivity,specificity,safety,and efficacy.Nevertheless,an appropriate route has been taken,as confirmed by the approval of some modern methods by the Food and Drug Administration.
文摘The measurement of stratum corneum (SC) thickness from in-vivo Raman water concentration depth profiles is gaining in popularity and appeal due to the availability and ease of use of in-vivo confocal Raman measurement systems. The foundation of these measurements relies on high-quality confocal Raman spectroscopy of skin and the robust numerical analysis of water profiles, which allow for accurate determination of SC thickness. These measurements are useful for studying intrinsic skin hydration profiles at different body sites and for determining hydration properties of skin related to topically applied materials. While the use of high-quality in-vivo Raman instrumentation has become routine and its use for SC thickness measurement widely reported, there is lack of agreement as to the best method of computing SC thickness values from Raman water profiles. Several methods have been proposed and are currently in use for such computations, but none of these methods has been critically evaluated. The work reported in this paper describes a new method for the determination of stratum corneum thickness from in-vivo confocal Raman water profiles. The method represents a consensus approach to the problem, which was found necessary to apply in order to properly model and quantify the large diversity of water profile types encountered in typical in-vivo Raman water measurement. The methodology is evaluated for performance using three criteria: 1) frequency of minimum fitting error on modeling to a standard numerical function;2) frequency of minimum model error for consensus vs. individual SC thickness values;and 3) correlation with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) values for SC thickness. The correlation study shows this approach to be a reasonable replacement for the more tedious and time-consuming RCM method with R2 = 0.68 and RMS error = 3.7 microns over the three body sites tested (cheek, forearm and leg).
基金the China Scholar・ship Council(No.201904910117)Jilin Province Talent Development Fund[2018]853 awarded to F.Wang。
文摘We report on two strategies to design and implement the galvanometer-based laser-scanning mechanisms for the realization of reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) microscopy systems. The RCM system uses a resonant galvanometer scanner driven by a home-built field-programmable gate array circuit with a novel dual-trigger mode and a home-built high-speed data acquisition card. The SRS system uses linear galvanometers with commercially available modules. We demonstrate video-rate high-resolution imaging at 11 frames per second of in vivo human skin with the RCM system and label-free biomolecular imaging of cancer cells with the SRS system. A comparison of the two strategies for controlling galvanometer scanners provides scientific and technical reference for future design and commercialization of various laser-scanning microscopes using galvanometers.
文摘目的:研究臭氧外用对特应性皮炎患者皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌定植的作用及其与病情的相关性。方法:招募6~65岁中重度特应性皮炎患者,选取两侧对称皮损作为靶部位,对照侧靶部位皮损采用温水洗浴联合基础油外涂,治疗侧靶部位皮损及全身余处用臭氧水洗浴并联合外用臭氧油,每天治疗2次,连续治疗7 d。定量检测靶部位皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌的变化,评估患者治疗前后靶部位皮损及全身病情变化,分析患者病情变化与皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌载量变化的相关性。结果:与治疗前及对照侧皮损比较,治疗第7天治疗侧靶部位皮损红斑和丘疹明显减少,瘙痒减轻;治疗侧靶部位皮损金黄色葡萄球菌载量在治疗第3,7天分别下降(75.55±21.81)%,(97.24±2.64)%;治疗第7天,治疗侧和对照侧金黄色葡萄球菌载量下降差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗第7天,患者的特应性皮炎评分(scoring of atopic dermatitis,SCORAD)、睡眠及瘙痒评分较治疗前均显著降低(P<0.01);臭氧治疗皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌载量下降率与SCORAD评分的下降率呈正相关(r=0.916,P=0.001)。结论:臭氧外用能有效减少特应性皮炎患者皮损处金黄色葡萄球菌的载量并缓解中重度特应性皮炎患者病情。
