Reform Paths of Rural Land Property Rights System in the Context of Agricultural Modernization

The reform of rural land property rights system can promote large-scale and intensive agricultural production,improve the quality of laborers,improve agricultural production efficiency,increase farmers'income,and effectively promote the development of agricultural modernization.In the context of the reform of the"separation of three powers",the rural land property rights system still has problems in terms of ownership,use rights,disposal rights,and income rights,which affect the healthy development of agricultural modernization.In this situation,it is necessary to further clarify the subject of rural land ownership,thoroughly improve the right to use rural land,vigorously improve the right to dispose of rural land,effectively protect the right to benefit from rural land,and deeply promote the reform of the rural land property rights system in order to effectively promote the development of agricultural modernization.

Practice Mode and Value Research of Reform of Rural Collective Economy Property Right System in Beijing Rural-urban Continuum

In the research, reform of rural collective economy property right system in Beijing rural-urban continuum was explored in terms of background, cause, pro- cess and practice modes by surveying and interviewing, and the value of system reform on urbanization in rural areas was illustrated from the perspective of farmers who lose lands. The results showed that since reform and opening-up, disadvan- tages of collective economy property are always the fundamental cause of reform; rural-urban contradiction produced from rapid urbanization makes the reform much more urgent; shareholding co-operative system is the essence of reform of collective economy property right system. Rural collective economy property right system in Beijing includes stock-assets quantification shareholding co-operative system, share- capitalization of contractual land management right, farmers as shareholders by investment, and resource and capital mode, with advantages and disadvantages respectively. The common character should be noticed is that all modes have share on contractual right of land, indicating the core of the reform of property system lies in asset quantification and stock quota. In improving urban-rural integration and modern market system, as well as endowing more rights to farmers, reform of rural collective economy property right system is of great significance, which provides a transition space and buffer mechanism for urbanization in rural areas.

Survey on the Peasants' Will of Forest Land Transfer in the Reform of Collective Forest Right System——On the Case of 180 Peasant Households in Lishui City of Zhejiang Province

Taking sample survey in the eighteen villages of Yunhe, Longquan and Qingyuan County of Lishui City of Zhejiang Province, the results show that the forest land transfer of sample peasants is mainly transfer-out, the private treaty of forest land transfer is the main pattern of most peasant households, forest right trading market hasn't got wide approval in peasants, peasants' dependence on land is reducing, and so on. Through analysis, the reasons of influent transfer of forest land include peasant's subjective will, less type of transfer objects, dull information communication, big difference of expected price and imperfect development of intermediary organization. In order to promote a healthy development of forest land transfer, the paper puts forward proposals of strengthening policy publicity, improving system, identifying property right, pushing variety of transfer types, developing forest land market, cultivating subject of market and so on.

The reform of mode idea of ＂separation of powers＂ for China＇s rural land property system

By briefly reviewing the history of farmland property right in China, it puts forwards the conception of separation of three powers, which is to divide it into ownership, fight of contract, right of use, of farmland property right. In addition, it specifies the practical operational methods to realize the reform that make peasants become the only owner of land in the category of public ownership. It expects to promote the communication and concentration of farmland, so that we can realize the industrialization of agriculture to promote the agricultural productivity level.

Reform in the Property Right System to Enhance Competitiveness—On the China Yangtze Group Corp.

The China Yangtze Group Corp. was founded in 1980. Now it has developed into a large state-owned consortium, with its business scope covering electrical appliances, automobiles, light industry and other industrial sectors. It has gross assets of RMB 1.737 billion, and net assets of RMB359 million. The Yangtze Group has been developing, with reliance on bank loans in recent years, incurring heavy debts; and its leading product-refrigerator,

Methods and Paths for Rural Collectively Owned Profit-oriented Construction Land Entering into Trading Market

On the basis of analyzing cases of existing rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land entering into trading market,this paper put forward several thoughts,introduced methods and paths for rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land entering into trading market,including reforming rural collective land property right system,cultivating new rural collective economy organizations,helping them to become market entities; improving various legal systems,making clear range of construction land entering into trading market; formulating scientific benefit allocation mechanism; establishing fair and transparent decision making mechanism.

On the Restricting Factors & System Arrangements of Chinese Land Tenure Marketization

As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee.Land Tenure.As a main institution factor in agricultural development,closely relates to the reform of Chinese agriculture.Based on the relevant theories of Economics of Institution and Economics of Development,and combined with the marketization process of Chinese Land Tenure of Property Rights,the article studied the effects of institutional factors and put forward some choices in the development of agriculture,which is of both significant and practical importance.

农村集体产权改革对县域经济发展的影响

农村集体产权改革不仅是制度上的调整,更是激发县域经济增长的关键动力。以新一轮农村集体产权改革作为准自然实验,利用2010—2019年间涵盖1911个县域的面板数据,探讨农村集体产权改革对县域经济增长的实际影响,并进一步验证其内在的作用机理和异质性特征,结果表明:农村集体产权改革显著提升了县域经济发展水平;在传导路径方面,农村集体产权改革主要通过提升生产效率、促进产业集聚以及吸引资本流入推动县域经济增长。分组研究结果表明:在东部地区以及市场化程度较高的县域中,农村集体产权改革展现出更加明显的经济拉动效应。为充分发挥农村集体经济的重要资源优势,应提升农村集体产权改革的包容性和灵活度,激发农村集体经济组织的活力,以促进县域经济的高质量增长。

农村集体产权制度改革综合评价及障碍因子分析

基于改革政策目标,从产权能力完善、集体经济发展和农民权益保障三个方面,运用熵权TOPSIS法和障碍度模型,对中国30个省(区、市)2014—2021年的农村集体产权制度改革进行综合评价和障碍因子分析。研究发现:中国农村集体产权制度改革水平总体呈平稳上升趋势,区域间呈现“东高西低”的特征,各地区改革水平的差距呈逐步缩小态势;各省(区、市)农村集体产权制度改革的主要障碍因子是农业机械化水平、家庭农场发展水平、农村市场化程度、集体经营收入水平、集体经济组织管理能力和农村居民财产性收入占比,基本属于集体经济发展维度,表明农村集体经济发展水平与改革规划目标仍有差距,还需进一步提升集体产权改革的经济效能。

农村集体经济组织成员资格认定的逻辑脉络及其展开

农村集体经济组织成员资格认定是农村集体产权制度改革的基础性工作,集体所有权主体的确定是该问题研究的逻辑起点。集体所有权不具有共有和总有等所有权构造类型的特征,同时投资关系说和类比国有资本授权经营体制论都不能对农村集体经济组织的产生渊源进行合理解释。在民法规范语境下,应将农村集体经济组织确定为集体所有权主体。就成员资格和成员权利的关系而言,两者相伴而生,成员资格实质上是从权利主体角度对成员权的描述,为成员权在主体面向的表达。基于此,集体成员资格认定的法律实质是对农民所享有的集体经济组织成员权予以确权。我国农村传统经营方式决定了农户是基本经营单位,从逻辑上应当将家庭成员与以家庭为单位取得权益的关系确定为按份共有,集体经济组织成员权主体应为集体经济组织成员而非农户。城乡二元体制导致户籍这一本质上与成员权利取得不具因果关系的因素被纳入认定标准之中,其证明作用不应被忽视。在传统路径下,应构建以出生事实为核心、其他亲缘关系为辅助的主体判断路径,同时明确列举其他除外情形,形成正反双向的认定机制。在农村集体产权制度改革背景下,基于股权类型设置,集体固有成员与股份经济合作社股东在范围上并非完全一致,未来应以恢复农村集体经济组织和集体成员权的私法属性为目标,分阶段对农村集体经济组织成员权制度进行渐进性改革。

地方改革试点的实践样态与行动逻辑--基于“激励-问责”协同性框架的多案例分析

改革试点是一种重要的治国理政机制。中国的改革试点不仅是一种纵向的分级制政策实验,在横向上地方改革试点还表现出明显的地方性差异。改革试点对应的是宽泛的政策指导与政策的灵活性,政策执行的条件将直接影响地方改革效能。在地方改革试点中,激励结构与问责力度是影响政策执行的两个关键要素。基于全国农村产权制度改革的多案例研究结果表明,地方政府的激励结构、问责强度和资源禀赋构成了地方改革试点的使动条件,地方主政者的行动态度、行动空间和行动能力构成了地方改革试点的能动条件,两者协同促使地方政府采取争先创新、稳妥有序、应付避责与象征执行的行动策略。因此,在地方改革试点中,要营造更具包容性的政策环境,建立相对均衡的制度结构,激发地方改革创新的积极性和能动性,以提升地方治理效能。

制度变迁背景下集体建设用地改造与政府角色回归:以佛山市南海区为例

集体建设用地再开发是盘活存量,促进城市高质量发展的主要途径,伴随着集体土地产权制度路径依赖式的变迁:自上而下的土地确权正式化集体建设用地的存在,赋予村集体权利,但在土地初次开发中自下而上形成的制度制约着改造。文章探讨制度变迁下,地方政府如何与村集体互动,化解上述制度制约,促进集体建设用地市场化改造的。研究发现,集体建设用地正式化开启了改造市场,但仍受空间破碎、集体土地经营内卷化、开发权模糊的约束。地方政府发挥了企业化的非正式角色,与村集体形成合作与竞争并存的协商型合作关系。合作在于政府从供、需两侧化解前述制约,充当村集体与市场主体间的“交易中介”,降低交易成本,助力改造。竞争表现为村集体为攫取地租把持政府,损害社会公平。地方政府的“非正式”角色应予以制度化,以规避其在维护社会公益上的失灵。

深化集体林权制度改革的再思考

对中国三次集体林权制度改革进行概述,分析林业发展环境的变化,提出深化林业改革的主要任务和策略。研究表明:当前中国森林主要作用、林权利用方式、林产品原料来源发生了变化;新一轮集体林改主导者和目标发生了变化,林改成果的评价内容也发生了变化,新一轮林改是从调动农民经营林业的积极性延展到动员全社会参与林业发展,让全社会支持林业发展延展到让林业更好地满足全社会需要;新一轮林改需要持续创新林业协同发展体制、改革森林采伐管理制度、构建林权流转监管和服务平台、创新生态服务价值实现机制、健全生态经济兼顾的林业政策体系。

“两山”理念与集体林权制度改革新格局构建

在阐述“两山”理念的本质与重要体现的基础上,理解其推动指导集体林权制度改革的现实意义,分析了集体林权制度改革的成效和问题,以及集体林权制度改革新格局构建的系统思维,“创新引领、科学先行”和“尊重农民意愿、保护农民权益”的原则,从为推进乡村振兴赋能助力、为推进共同富裕筑好平台以及为推进生态文明建设再立新功3个维度探讨了集体林权制度改革新格局构建的路径。

论农村土地制度改革的整体性

农村土地制度改革的整体性体现为两方面,即实现地权平等和地权体系具有适应实践发展需要的有效性、开放性与包容性。家庭承包地“三权分置”政策的法律化和承包期延长,土地征收规则的更新、集体经营性建设用地入市和建设用地指标化交易,以及农村宅基地“三权分置”政策的实施,是农村土地制度改革整体性推进的主要体现。土地利用规划及其实施,以及政府在地权交易中的法律地位,是分析地权交易规则科学性的两个基本因素。为进一步整体性地推进农村土地制度改革,实现其既定政策目标,需要建立科学的农村集体产权制度,深化土地收益分配机制,以市场需求为导向完善土地利用规划机制和土地指标交易机制。

深化集体林权制度改革阶段内蒙古林农林业生产经营的动力机制

集体林权制度改革关系国家生态安全和亿万农民福祉。在当前深化集体林权制度改革阶段,通过分析林农林业生产经营的动力因素,得出林农生产经营的动力机制,提出提升林农生产经营动力的对策建议,以期进一步激发林农生产经营的活力,从而促进森林资源持续增长和林农收入持续增加。

农村的“股份化”与“城镇化”——郊区农村集体产权制度改革的个案研究

作为集体产权制度改革的重要组成部分,“农村股份制”改革看似给乡村社会带来了颇具内在矛盾的多重影响,实则在具体社会情境下,与其他宏观结构因素一起,共同导向了城镇化这一后果。在郊区农村,这项改革一方面导致了农民-农村关系的“金融化”转型,使农民的集体权益脱嵌于其对村集体的行政依附,为他们的城镇化迁移创造了新的机会结构;另一方面,农村股份制隐含的独立法人资格为村集体强化组织能动性提供了制度支撑,而股息分红的压力也使得这一类城市周边农村成为专注于土地经营的市场法人主体,嵌入当地土地城镇化的实践场域中。由此,郊区农村股份化成了城镇化机制的一部分。来自农村一端对城镇化机制的能动塑造也启发我们去反思城镇化研究中的过度“城市中心主义”取向。

新型农村集体经济概念和主要特征辨析

学术界一直关注新型农村集体经济问题的研究,对于新型农村集体经济的概念和特征从不同角度进行了界定和总结。农村集体经济不等同于合作经济、集体资产、具体的组织形式和经营形式及加总的农户经济,对其界定应侧重其所有制地位、经营管理主体、实现形式、价值功能等核心要素。2016年农村集体产权制度改革后,它呈现出产权关系新、治理架构新、经营方式新、发展途径新、分配原则和方案新等五个“新”特征。

习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的生成逻辑、科学内涵与践行路径

党的十八大以来,习近平始终重视、高度关心集体林权制度改革,把集体林权制度改革工作摆在生态文明建设和林业改革发展的重要位置。习近平坚持以马克思林业经济理论为指导,赓续中华优秀传统林业文化,继承、发展历代中国共产党人林业改革经验,回应建设林业现代化时代呼唤,围绕集体林权制度改革工作的改革方向、内生动力、价值归旨、改革基调、问题导向、拓宽机制等方面提出一系列重要论述。在深入阐释习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的基础上,提出构建科学的森林经营体系,统筹高质量发展与高水平保护;发展林业适度规模经营,提升林业发展质效;畅通“两山”转化通道,充分释放林业内生价值;依靠制度刚性精准落实,以林长制促“林长治”等践行路径。

农地产权制度改革与农地流转响应:预期偏离与逻辑阐释

农地所有权归属集体以来,产权拆分及农民产权份额的扩大和强化是产权制度改革的主要思路。然而,理论上有效的农地产权制度改革,却在农地流转的推动成效方面呈现时段上的异质性。随着时间的演进,改革对农地流转的正面作用渐衰,甚至表现出对农地流转的抑制。为解释理论与现实的偏差,聚焦改革路径的形成逻辑,重点阐述了改革历程及改革对农地配置的影响成效,提炼出改革成效不足的系统性成因。研究认为,产权理论的引入为确定改革方向提供了理论依据,过去的改革经验为决策层延续产权赋予式改革提升了信心,规模经营路线的确立加强了坚持并推进改革的必要性和紧迫性。改革开放以后,农地产权制度朝着扩大集体成员权能的方向不断推进,却在现阶段表现出抑制农地流转并冲击农地承包权稳定性的负面影响。对此,构建了涵盖政策有效性、农地多功能性以及中央决策层认知调整在内的解释框架。认为在追求现代农业发展的目标导向下,扩大集体成员的土地权能并不可取,增强农村基本经营制度中“统”的作用并以社会保障弥补农户对农地的非生产性寄托是关键。