A Preliminary Study on the Rural Land System Reform in the Context of Rural Revitalization

With the deepening of reform and opening up,the rural land system has experienced the evolution from contracting to transfer to the current rural revitalization strategy,and has always been closely linked to the well-being of farmers and the vigorous development of the rural economy.The reform of this system is not only a key driving force for rural economic development,but also an important cornerstone for realizing the rural revitalization strategy.Through in-depth analysis of the connotation of rural revitalization and rural land system reform,this study discusses in detail the internal dynamic mechanism of rural land system reform driving rural revitalization,and comprehensively analyzes the current implementation of rural land system reform.On this basis,this study puts forward the strategic concept of promoting the rural land system reform in the context of rural revitalization.Studies have shown that the rural land system reform has mainly played a positive role in the following four aspects in promoting rural revitalization:providing a solid material foundation for rural revitalization,optimizing the allocation of rural resources,promoting the transformation and upgrading of rural industrial structure,and promoting rural social harmony and stability.In the context of the current rural revitalization,the rural land system reform is undoubtedly one of the core issues of China s rural development.In order to further improve this system,we need to continue to optimize and innovate the rural land transfer system,the homestead reform system,and the rural collective construction land market entry system.

Reform of Rural Land System from the Perspective of New Urbanization

In view of artificially high urbanization rate of China and possible causes,survey and data analysis methods were used to discuss reform of household registration system,and path for promoting rural land system reform. Results show that it is required to eliminate bottlenecks of land system in the advance of new urbanization process. In line with land system bottlenecks of new urbanization,it is recommended to take following measures.( i) Promoting land right confirmation centered land system reform.( ii) Weakening rural land ownership and stressing land use right.( iii) Establishing urban and rural integrated land market and putting an end to low cost urbanization road.( iv) Realizing asset value of rural construction land and tackling the problem of insufficient construction land.( v) Reforming the land expropriation system and increasing the share of gain in land value to farmers.( vi) Implementing different land policies to promote coordinated development of regional social economy.( vii) Establishing land circulation access system to ensure unchanged land use purpose and high efficient use.

Reform Paths of Rural Land Property Rights System in the Context of Agricultural Modernization

The reform of rural land property rights system can promote large-scale and intensive agricultural production,improve the quality of laborers,improve agricultural production efficiency,increase farmers'income,and effectively promote the development of agricultural modernization.In the context of the reform of the"separation of three powers",the rural land property rights system still has problems in terms of ownership,use rights,disposal rights,and income rights,which affect the healthy development of agricultural modernization.In this situation,it is necessary to further clarify the subject of rural land ownership,thoroughly improve the right to use rural land,vigorously improve the right to dispose of rural land,effectively protect the right to benefit from rural land,and deeply promote the reform of the rural land property rights system in order to effectively promote the development of agricultural modernization.

Establishment of Rural Housing Land Standard in China

On the basis of rural household survey in 12 provinces of China in 2005,this research built an econometrical model to find the area standard for rural housing land.This standard is expected to facilitate rural housing land administration,efficient and intensive housing land use and policy making.This research concludes:1) according to the household survey data,the average area for rural housing land in China is about 235.26 m 2,and the rural housing land mainly includes unused land(42.89%) and house construction land(37.76%) with the average floor-area ratio of 0.42;2) the indexes in the standard concern the factors such as location,landform,house form,household population and cultivated land area per farmer,which all have significant effects on rural housing land use;3) the reasonable area for rural housing land may be 150 m 2 in average before 2020,and the referential standards in different provinces are 120 m 2,130 m 2,140m 2,150 m 2,160 m 2,170 m 2,190 m 2,200 m 2,210 m 2,220 m 2,230 m 2 and 250 m 2 respectively;and 4) if there are less than two persons or more than five persons in a family,these standards need to be decreased or increased by 7%.When the cultivated land area per farmer is lower than the provincial average,the standards have to reduce by 3.5%.

Study on the Influencing Factors of Land Transfer Price in the Context of Rural Land Reform

Agricultural land is the key to large-scale agricultural management,and the transfer price is the key to the success or failure of land transfer. At present,there are many problems in the pricing of rural land transfer in China,such as low price,random pricing,and large price difference,which seriously hinder the development of rural land transfer. Drawing lessons from the research results of domestic and foreign scholars,combined with the actual situation of rural land transfer in China,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of land transfer price in the context of rural land reform. Finally,according to the influence of different factors on the behavior of agricultural land transfer,this paper proposes establishing and perfecting the evaluation system of contracted land,perfecting the evaluation institution of transferred land assets and establishing a unified dynamic monitoring system of land transfer price in the whole country,and then driving the broad masses of farmers to get rich together,which is of great significance to achieving the revitalization of China’s rural areas.

Rural Land System Reform Pilot Experiment in Pidu District: Background, Debate and Enlightenment

By combining top-level design with local pilot practices,rural land system reform,as an important priority on the agenda of deepening comprehensive reform,has accumulated a series of replicable and applicable experiences that are conducive to amendments to relevant laws.This paper takes stock of the basic experience of Pidu District in addressing typical problems arising in its rural land system reform and then investigates the inner link between the reform and the persistence of high housing prices in cities,the capital flowing to the countryside,and the rural revitalization program.Based on this analysis,the author puts forward three basic directions of the rural land system reform:remain committed to marketization,balance the interests of all parties and promote the development of rural industries.

On the Restricting Factors & System Arrangements of Chinese Land Tenure Marketization

As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee.Land Tenure.As a main institution factor in agricultural development,closely relates to the reform of Chinese agriculture.Based on the relevant theories of Economics of Institution and Economics of Development,and combined with the marketization process of Chinese Land Tenure of Property Rights,the article studied the effects of institutional factors and put forward some choices in the development of agriculture,which is of both significant and practical importance.

Expansion and Change of Rural Settlements in Traditional Agricultural Regions:Based on Village Investigation in Pingdu County

The rural settlements accounted for a great proportion of overall building land in China,but it still expanded in recent years along with urbanization and gradually decreasing rural population.To explore the reason for this phenomenon,an analy- sis has been made based on the investigation in a traditional agri- cultural region.This study found that socioeconomic factors,in- cluding the scale of families and its quantity,the improvement of rural public infrastructure,the change of population and the pres- sure of arable land,have effects on the expansion.The view on land tenure which has shaped in farmers minds in the long haul makes them dispose their houses cautiously,and this was the main cause of the fact that one household own more than one plot.In addition,the limitations of rural land institution are unconducive to inspiriting the transfer of farmers' building land and redevel- opment of the idle housing land.

Innovate the Land Supply Pattern and Stabilize the Housing

In the process of building a harmonious socialist society, the protection of people＇ s livelihood is the priority, and to solve the housing problem of over one billion residents is the top priority. The present thesis begins with the land supply mechanism, and do researches on the style, the source and the type of land supply. With the analysis of land finance, the present thesis finally put forward the measures to innovate the land supply pattern, to increase the supply of low-income housing, to reform the way of land supply and to explore the circulating pattern of normative collective construction land that comes to is on the market. Meanwhile, it combines the present house property tax reform, putting forward the idea that imposing land property tax should be a way to inhibit the behavior of speculation. The present thesis aims at keeping the housing price at a reasonable level so that the purpose of stabilizing the housing price can he achieved.

Farmland Capitalization an Urgen issue in Institutional Reform

Developing modern agriculture is an important aspect of urban and rural integration. Chintz has adopted a new, highly compatible, multipronged approach. Judgingfrom current agricultural and rural policies, factors like capital, labor and land will continue to interact and revolve. The transformation of China＇s rural land tenure system is at a critical posifion in the overall strategy of developing tile rural economy. However, rural institutional reform will inevitably be constrained by the path and pattern China＇s industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization take. Creating a new pattern of urban and rural socioeconomic integration requires reform and improvement of rural grassroots governance structure. The interaction and reconsolidation of the factors have again become intertwined with the superstructure of rural society and will inevitably affect the direction and pace of rural grassroots governance structural reJbrm. Protecting the economic interests of farmers while respecting their democratic rights will always be at the heart of agricultural modernization.

The coupling characteristics and mechanism of farmland and rural housing land transition in China

Land use transition refers to the changes in land use morphology （both dominant morphology and recessive morphology） of a certain region over a certain period of time driven by socio-economic change and innovation, and it usually corresponds to the transition of socio-economic development phase. In China, farmland and rural housing land are the two major sources of land use transition. This paper analyzes the spatio-temporal coupling characteristics of farmland and rural housing land transition in China, using high-resolution Landsat TM （Thematic Mapper） data in 2000 and 2008, and the data from the Ministry of Land and Resources of China. The outcomes indicated that： （1） during 2000-2008, the correlation coefficient of farmland vs. rural housing land change is -0.921, and it shows that the change pattern of farmland and rural housing land is uncoordinated; （2） the result of Spearman rank correlation analysis shows that rural housing land change has played a major role in the mutual transformation of farmland and rural housing land; and （3） it shows a high-degree spatial coupling between farmland and rural housing land change in southeast China during 2000-2008. In general, farmland and rural housing land transition in China is driven by socio-economic, bio-physical and managerial three-dimensional driving factors through the interactions among rural population, farmland and rural housing land. However, the spatio-temporal coupling phenomenon and mechanism of farmland and rural housing land transition in China are largely due to the ＂dual-track＂ structure of rural-urban development.

Influence of Rural Land Institutional Reform on Urbanization During the 13^(th) Five-Year Plan Period:A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

The rural land institutions have confined the process of China's urbanization for a long time. During the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, the Chinese government will push forward a new round of rural land institutional reform, so as to promote the restructuring of current rural land use pattern, change related elements concerning urbanization, and realize the transformation of the urbanization mode. Taking Jiangsu Province, a comprehensive pilot site of new urbanization at the provincial level in China, as an example, the paper summarizes the practical experience of rural land institutional reform in Jiangsu during recent years. Further, through analyzing the influence of rural land institutional reform on the urbanization process of Jiangsu Province during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, the paper puts forward some policy measures, with the hope of providing a lasting impetus for the new urbanization in Jiangsu Province as well as a reference for other provinces in China.

中国式现代化视域下农村土地制度的优势、困境与改革方略

农村土地制度是国家的基础性制度,其变革关系到资源配置、百姓福祉和社会稳定,中国式现代化的发展离不开农村土地制度的支持与保障。回顾中国式现代化发展历程,农村土地制度这一根本性、基础性生产关系的变革与调适,对不同阶段主要发展任务的完成起到了至关重要的作用。在中国式现代化视域下农村土地制度具有五大独特优势,分别是能够在人口规模巨大条件下保障我国的粮食安全和社会稳定,能够以释放土地财产收益为抓手夯实全体农民共同富裕的物质基础,能够以赓续农耕文明、改善乡村公共文化服务为载体支持农村精神文明建设,能够以退耕还林还草还湖工程、发展生态农业、防治耕地污染、农村人居环境整治为路径促进人与自然和谐共生,能够以支撑内生型发展模式为手段保证我国走和平发展道路。面对当前农村土地制度的发展困境,需要进一步深化农村土地制度改革,着力加强农村土地的粮食安全保障、财产性收益提升、精神文明和生态文明建设、社会秩序稳定功能。

土地政策松绑与县域新型城镇化——来自农村宅基地改革的经验证据

以县域为重要载体的新型城镇化是实现中国式现代化的必由之路,但随着农村剩余劳动力的不断外流,土地粗放利用、宅基地闲置甚至抛荒问题日益凸显。宅基地改革是促进土地要素与新型城镇化协调发展的重要举措,基于宅基地改革试点政策,运用多期双重差分法构造准自然实验,检验农村宅基地改革能否促进县域新型城镇化。研究发现:农村宅基地改革可以显著提升县域新型城镇化水平。政策路径识别发现,农村宅基地改革从非农就业、产业结构升级和激发市场潜能三方面提升县域新型城镇化水平。异质性研究表明,行政区划上,农村宅基地制度改革对于县、县级市和市辖区的新型城镇化水平提升能力呈现递增趋势;地区差异上,农村宅基地制度改革的政策效应在东部、中部地区县域得到有效发挥,对西部地区县域新型城镇化水平提升效果有限。通过土地政策改革推进以县域为载体的新型城镇化提供了经验证据,同时也从经验上就如何稳慎推进农村宅基地改革试点提供政策启示。

粮食安全视角下农村乱占耕地建房执法问题研究——基于400个典型案例的实证分析

粮食安全关乎国运民生。当前,我国农村乱占耕地建房问题突出,对粮食安全造成一定威胁,国务院及其相关部门虽多次加大对农村乱占耕地建房的执法力度,但执法效果仍存在较大提升空间。文章通过对筛选的400个农村乱占耕地建房典型案例进行实证分析,认为当前农村乱占耕地建房执法仍存在执法权横向划分不明确、基层执法权纵向配置不合理、综合执法力度不足、执法队伍业务水平不高等问题,并提出明确划分执法权限、推进部门综合执法、下放行政执法权、提高执法队伍业务水平是突破农村乱占耕地建房执法困境、守牢耕地红线、夯实粮食安全根基的因应之策。

宅基地使用权依托农房转让的制度沿革、司法裁判与实践创新

宅基地使用权依托农房转让的制度沿革经历了从允许到限制的转变,体现了政府政策的强制驱动和利益诱导的结合。宅基地使用权依托农房转让的司法裁判具有明显的被动性,农户在集体经济组织外部转让农房时,法院一般会认定该转让合同无效,但司法政策又为宅基地改革预留了政策空间,体现了原则性与灵活性的统一。在宅基地使用权依托农房转让的实践创新中,国家并没有直接废除宅基地使用权依托农房限制转让的既有路径,径行允许转让,而是秉持审慎原则,独辟蹊径。试点地区宅基地使用权依托农房转让下受让人范围拓展,与集体经营性建设用地入市衔接,与宅基地资格权退出耦合及与宅基地入股、合作打通,均体现了对宅基地使用权权能受限的克服。

论农村土地制度改革的整体性

农村土地制度改革的整体性体现为两方面,即实现地权平等和地权体系具有适应实践发展需要的有效性、开放性与包容性。家庭承包地“三权分置”政策的法律化和承包期延长,土地征收规则的更新、集体经营性建设用地入市和建设用地指标化交易,以及农村宅基地“三权分置”政策的实施,是农村土地制度改革整体性推进的主要体现。土地利用规划及其实施,以及政府在地权交易中的法律地位,是分析地权交易规则科学性的两个基本因素。为进一步整体性地推进农村土地制度改革,实现其既定政策目标,需要建立科学的农村集体产权制度,深化土地收益分配机制,以市场需求为导向完善土地利用规划机制和土地指标交易机制。

走向一体化的城乡土地市场:制度变迁与动态效率

建设全国统一大市场必须优化土地要素市场化配置,土地要素市场化配置是推动实体经济发展的基础支撑,是深化供给侧结构性改革的内在要求,是促进城乡区域协调发展的客观需要。本文研究我国城乡土地市场一体化改革的效率问题,并从制度变迁视角考察其内在逻辑及特征,通过构建土地经济的世代交叠基准模型,提出动态有效率的充分条件,并根据我国城乡土地市场的实际情况,对上述基准模型的假设条件进行调整,分别论证市场分割及一体化制度下各经济部门的动态效率,然后运用诺思的制度变迁理论,对我国城乡土地市场从市场分割到一体化改革的路径、渐进性及经济绩效予以阐释。本文认为市场分割的城乡土地经济均是动态无效率的,市场一体化的土地经济则是动态有效率的,促进制度变迁的根本原因是相对价格的变化。因此,建立城乡统一的建设用地市场有助于提升经济效率,该制度变迁具有渐进性及路径依赖性特点。

学习贯彻落实党的二十届三中全会精神笔谈

2024年7月15日至18日,中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第三次全体会议胜利召开。全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的决定》(以下简称《决定》)对新时代进一步全面深化改革开放、推进中国式现代化作出了全局性、系统性的部署。为学习贯彻落实全会精神,《安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版)》邀请中国人民大学孔祥智教授组织专家,围绕深化土地制度改革、巩固和完善农村基本经营制度、健全推进新型城镇化体制机制、完善强农惠农富农支持制度等议题进行深入学习和讨论,为进一步全面深化农业农村改革、推进中国式农业农村现代化提供学理性阐释和实践启示。

宅基地有偿使用制度探索:问题、挑战与应对

始于1988年在山东德州等地开展的宅基地有偿使用制度试点,1993年被全面取消;2015年首轮农村宅基地制度改革试点再次被提上日程。2020年新一轮宅改试点方案启动后,各试点地区采取稳慎态度稳妥推进,取得初步成效的同时,也暴露出一些共性问题,包括有偿使用收费范围扩大化、收费对象瞄准错位化、收费标准存在一定的随意性、收费起征点“一刀切”等。究其原因,既有对宅基地有偿使用的性质和法理依据的认识不清,也有对宅基地政策变迁的历史节点把握不准,以及基础性工作不扎实、不到位。未来应顺应城镇化、非农化不可逆转的态势及建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制的内在要求,强化有利于增进最广大农民利益的指导思想,强化有利于构建城乡住房保障一体化体系的顶层设计,将有偿使用的重点瞄准非农经营性宅基地和一些发达地区新增宅基地的分配,有偿使用的标准应坚持于法有据,分区域、分人群稳步推进。