Develop hydroenergy resources and protect earth environment

Energy is a driving force behind the progress of human civilization. Mainly depend on the current human society of non-renewable fossil energy sources, such as coal and oil, its increasing demand. Gradually reduce the reserves, the contradiction between supply and demand becoming increasingly prominent. With the process of human history has moved forward with the depletion of fossil energy will eventually be unable to sustainable use. The total hydropower resources are limited, but it is renewable, clean energy, its energy is infinite. Therefore, the full use of limited water resources and slow down the depletion of fossil energy process, is to improve and protect the earth’s ecology and environment, one of the most realistic measures.

Development of Refractory Industry in China with Restricts of Resource,Energy and Environment Factors

The development of refractory industry is closely related with resource,energy and environment. In order to realize the sustainable development,China＇s refractory industry should comprehensively exploit and utilize the raw refractory materials because of the shortage of some refractory raw materials resources; adjust the structure of refractory products to meet the needs for energy-savings in high energy consumption industries and develop new energy-saving refractory materials to reduce the energy consumption during refractories manufacturing processes; adopt high performance chrome-free refractories and research the technologies of avoiding the formation of Cr6＋ to minimize the negative impact on environment; utilize comprehensively the used refractory materials and reduce the mineral resource consumption,energy consumption,and waste solid emissions.

Energy Efficient Cluster-Based Optimal Resource Management in IoT Environment

Internet of Things(IoT)is a technological revolution that redefined communication and computation of modern era.IoT generally refers to a network of gadgets linked via wireless network and communicates via internet.Resource management,especially energy management,is a critical issue when designing IoT devices.Several studies reported that clustering and routing are energy efficient solutions for optimal management of resources in IoT environment.In this point of view,the current study devises a new Energy-Efficient Clustering-based Routing technique for Resource Management i.e.,EECBRM in IoT environment.The proposed EECBRM model has three stages namely,fuzzy logic-based clustering,Lion Whale Optimization with Tumbling(LWOT)-based routing and cluster maintenance phase.The proposed EECBRMmodel was validated through a series of experiments and the results were verified under several aspects.EECBRM model was compared with existing methods in terms of energy efficiency,delay,number of data transmission,and network lifetime.When simulated,in comparison with other methods,EECBRM model yielded excellent results in a significant manner.Thus,the efficiency of the proposed model is established.

Energy conservation and environment protection technologies of the blast furnace under resources deterioration conditions

In 2009,the pig iron output of China increased dramatically up to 543.75 Mt and was 15.87%higher than that in 2008,accounting for 60.53%of the world production.The processing of pig iron must consume huge amount of iron ores and coal and consequently leads to the shortage of ores and cokemaking coals supply,with prices soaring but quality worsening remarkably.How to maintain or even improve the efficiency of blast furnace production under negative conditions of constantly worsening resources of iron ore and coal has become an important scenario the Chinese ironmaking industry must face.In this paper,the production with high coal injection rate,low fuel rate and big productivity in the Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation(Group) was introduced and revealed.The quantitative correlation between blast furnace production efficiency and diverse technical measures through combined mass-heat balances and gas-liquid counter-current flow dynamics analysis.Moreover,potential problems and countermeasures in ironmaking by feeding high Al_2O_3 and low grade iron ores were also discussed.

Study of Chinese Sustainable Developing Project for Energy Resources

Since the last half century,the world has been being in theme of peace and development,and passed through another glorious period with the rapid development of the economy,science and technology. In the energy field of the globe,as the fuel with superior quality,the petroleum and gas gradually replaced the coal of the leading role in energy resources’ consumption,after the mineral energy replaced firewood.Moreover,various types of new energy are beginning to get application。

Striving for an Energy and Resources Saving Refinery with Harmonious Development

The operating circumstances of refinery industry in China in 2005 were referred to in this paper, along with the processes for development of petrochemical industry aimed at regionalization, concentrated disposition of enterprises and construction of industrial bases. The pressure faced currently by the oil refining industry in terms of resources avalibility and environmental regulations was analyzed. The key elements associated with the refining industry restructuring to economize on all kinds of resources were discussed and presented. It is stated that the key for building an energy and materials saving oil refining industry should rely on the adoption of advanced process and engineering technology, adjustment of refinery configuration, improving the energy and resources utilization efficiency, deep processing of crude oils, optimizing all kinds of resources, reducing effluents by saving water, as well as boosting the integration of oil refining with chemical production, concentrated disposition and realization of large scale of process units.

Shale Lithofacies and Sedimentary Environment of the Third Member,Shahejie Formation,Zhanhua Sag,Eastern China

Researches into shale lithofacies,their sedimentary environments and relationship benefit understanding both of sedimentary cycle division and unconventional hydrocarbon exploration in lacustrine basins.Based on a 100~300-m-thick dark shale,mudstone and limestone encountered in the lower third member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation(Es3l member)in Zhanhua Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,eastern China,routine core analysis,thin sectioning,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),mineralogical and geochemical measurements were used to understand detailed facies characterization and paleoclimate in the member.This Es3l shale sediment includes three sedimentary cycles(C3,C2 and C1),from bottom to top,with complex sedimentary characters and spatial distribution.In terms of the composition,texture,bedding and thickness,six lithofacies are recognized in this succession.Some geochemical parameters,such as trace elements(Sr/Ba,Na/Al,V/Ni,V/(V+Ni),U/Th),carbon and oxygen isotopes(δ^(18)O,δ^(13)C),and total organic carbon content(TOC)indicate that the shales were deposited in a deep to semi-deep lake,with the water column being salty,stratified,enclosed and reductive.During cycles C3 and C2 of the middle-lower sections,the climate was arid,and the water was salty and stratified.Laminated and laminar mudstone-limestone was deposited with moderate organic matter(average TOC 1.8%)and good reservoir quality(average porosity 6.5%),which can be regarded as favorable reservoir.During the C1 cycle,a large amount of organic matter was input from outside the basin and this led to high productivity with a more humid climate.Massive calcareous mudstone was deposited,and this is characterized by high TOC(average 3.6%)and moderate porosity(average 4%),and provides favorable source rocks.

Effect of natural resource on improving indoor thermal environment in Chongqing

This paper analyzes the potential of natural resources to improve the indoor thermal environment in Chongqing through the statistical analysis of natural resources including solar energy,wind,water,and earth,etc.The building form,systems,and principle of usage of natural resources are briefly analyzed through the building site decision,building form design,and computer simula-tion,which will be the real reference for the design of building energy efficiency.

Prospect for strategic minerals exploration and development,investment environment and cooperation in Mozambique

Mozambique is an essential country in the Belt and Road Initiative,and it is also to cooperation between China and with Africa in energy resources.It is located in the critical node of the“East Africa Channel”and close to the“African Twin Ocean Railway”,which is an important strategic position.Mozambique has abundant mineral resources and vast reserves of advantageous minerals.The natural gas reserves of Mozambique ranked second in Africa.It also has world--class scale graphite and rich iron,gold,copper,niobium-tantalum and other resources.In recent years,the mining industry in this country has been rising and attracting many foreign companies to invest,including international mining giants such as Vale,Rio Tinto and large mining enterprises of China.This paper systematically studies the mineral resources endowment,exploration and development situations of natural gas,graphite,titanium-zircon placer deposits,niobium-tantalum,gold,iron and other strategic minerals in Mozambique,comprehensively analyzes the mining investment environment and the current situation of exploration and development of Chinese enterprises in Mozambique,and replans four safeguard areas of strategic mineral resources in critical short supply.Mozambique generally has good prospects of mining investment and a stable foundation for cooperation with China.Chinese enterprises can focus on oil and natural gas,graphite,titanium,zirconium,niobium,tantalum,and iron,which complement the needs of China,expand the mining capacity cooperation,and improve the ability to secure strategic mineral resources supply.

Wind Turbine Power Output Assessment in Built Environment

In future planning of the city, it is very important to consider the proper intelligent integration of renewable energy sources into the built environment for developing smart cities. Analysis of the wind velocity profile in the built environment is very important for finding out the energy content in the wind and also to analyze the performance of wind turbines in the built environment. In this study, building topologies of smart city are investigated for finding out the wind velocity profile and the wind turbine power output in the built environment. The wind velocity distribution across buildings is numerically simulated by using commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software CFD-ACE+. Wind turbine power output is estimated by using the power curve of real commercial wind turbine and wind velocity distribution simulated by CFD software. It has been observed that the wind is accelerated in the intervening space between the buildings irrespective of distance between the walls of adjacent buildings under the condition, which are investigated in this study. The wind is accelerated across buildings, and is reduced rapidly after blowing through buildings, and recovered gradually. Since the wind is accelerated in the intervening space between buildings and reduced in the area at the back of buildings, a wind turbine should be installed at the area at the back of the buildings and located on center between the buildings. In this work, it is observed that size dimensions and layout of the building are effective in realizing a smart city for utilizing renewable energy such as wind turbine in the built environment.

Promoting Alternative Energy Programs in Developed Countries: A Review

This paper presents a review of the promoting programs of solar and wind energies in different countries including Germany, Austria, France, Spain, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, USA, Australia, China and India with an emphasis on Germany as a notable example. The success of each program is discussed in detail. The results of the investigation conducted in the paper have shown that some renewable energy laws have proven to be extremely successful. Among such laws, is the Renewable Energy Act (EEG) in Germany, which guaranteed 20 years of stable prices for green power and has already brought many homeowners and businesses to install photovoltaic modules and to feed their electricity into the national grid. By the year 2010, the clean production of electricity by renewable energies in Germany has risen to around 202,000 GWh. In addition, about 70 million tons of CO2 emissions in 2009 were avoided through the use of renewable energies in electricity generation in Germany.

IRP/DSM and Sustainable Development

This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it points out the solution, i.e., to implement integrated resources planning (IRP)/demand side management (DSM), and gives some recommendations on the way of implementing IRP/DSM.

考虑生态环境影响的四川省水风光一体化开发量分析

水风光一体化多能互补成为我国能源建设必由之路,是实现碳达峰碳中和目标的重要途径。四川省水能、风能、光能资源聚集区又与生态脆弱区高度重叠,水风光一体化开发面临一系列新的生态环境问题。为此,采用地理信息数据和气象数据相结合的方法,研究了四川省内基于生态环境相容的风光资源的分布区域;根据风光资源强度分布,分析了金沙江流域、雅砻江流域、大渡河流域水风光一体化基地的风光资源开发潜力。本文研究所获结论可为四川省统筹水风光资源开发和生态环境保护提供技术参考。

雄安新区浅层地热能资源潜力及经济环境效益评价

根据雄安新区雄东片区浅层地热能的地温场和热物性等赋存条件,估算了雄东片区浅层地热能静态储量和资源潜力,评价了开发利用的经济环境效益。经计算,雄东片区150 m以浅浅层地热能热容量为4.7×10^(12)kJ/℃,静态储量为23.4×10^(12)kJ,制冷工况下资源潜力为43.3万m^(2)/km^(2),供暖工况下资源潜力为85.9万m^(2)/km^(2)从经济效益角度评价,当浅层地热能开发利用率为25%时,雄东片区全年大约可节约6077吨标准煤,全年大约可节约费用2006万元,可减排二氧化碳14501吨、减排二氧化硫103吨、减排粉尘49吨。

中国油气战略通道与能源安全

油气资源的安全供给直接影响国家的经济社会发展,也关系到国家的政治军事安全。油气资源及产量在全球呈现不平衡分布的态势,油气供求格局亦呈现出明显的不平衡,从而凸显了油气战略通道的重要性,安全的运输通道成为保障能源供应安全的关键。近年来,由于油气对外依存度持续攀升和国际地缘政治竞争愈发激烈,导致我国海外油气供应安全紧张,尤其是海上能源通道风险加剧。虽然我国已形成了横跨中国东北、西北、西南和东部的三陆一海四大能源战略通道格局,但在油气进口过程中仍面临海陆能源战略通道容量、途径地区的地理环境及地缘政治关系等诸多风险挑战。为确保海外油气供应和国家能源安全,必须加强联合国维和力量、深化双边多边合作、加快调整我国进口能源战略通道布局、加强远洋海军和其他军事力量投放,多管齐下维护中国进口能源战略通道安全。

风力发电场施工期间对周边生态环境的影响研究

风电并网规模逐渐加大,使得风力发电场建设规模也随之增大,建设施工期间诸多环节会对周边生态环境产生不利影响,提出风力发电场施工期间对周边生态环境的影响分析。制定土壤采样方法与植被调查方法,构造土壤理化性质(土壤容重、土壤有机质含量、土壤全氮与土壤全磷)与植被现状指标(植被相对密度、植被相对盖度与植被多样性指数)的测定公式。通过测定结果分析可知:随着风力发电场施工时间的增加,土壤容重与土壤全磷百分含量逐渐增加,土壤有机质含量、土壤全氮百分含量、植被相对密度、植被相对盖度与植被多样性指数逐渐下降。

给排水节能节水技术对水资源环境的影响及其发展策略

给排水节能节水技术可以有效提高水资源的利用效率,在当前的社会发展中发挥重要作用。本文从给排水节能节水技术对水资源环境的影响入手,分析了给排水节能节水技术应用在水资源环境中的不足之处,并提出了给排水节能节水技术在水资源环境中的发展策略,以期对我国水资源的保护工作提供一些参考。

绿色耐火材料的理念与实践

在全球大力提倡环境保护和发展低碳经济的形势下,发展"绿色耐火材料"势在必行,是关系到我国当前和今后耐火材料行业可持续发展的重要发展战略。因此提出践行"绿色耐火材料"的理念和对策,包括大力发展不定形耐火材料,大力发展资源节约、能源节约和环境生态友好型耐火材料,并对如何发展这类绿色耐火材料提出了具体技术途径和建议,同时还列举了国内外近年来在这些方面的实践和发展新动态。

生物质能研究现状及展望

生物质能是当前能源和生态环境领域研究的热点。该文鉴于目前能源、生态环境状况以及生物质能的利用现状、所处的战略地位,对当前生物质能研究的四个热点:生物质能开发利用潜力、生物质能利用对生态环境影响、生物质能开发利用技术研究、生物质能开发利用可行性分析及其发展前景进行了阐述,同时就发展生物质能需要解决的问题作了简要的分析,进而对生物质能开发利用研究有个全面的科学的认识。在能源需求、生态环境保护和发展经济的拉动下,生物质能在未来将具有广阔的发展前景。

重庆市自然资源在改善室内热湿环境中的作用

通过对重庆市的太阳能、风力、水、土壤能量等可再生能源的统计整理,结合重庆的地理、气候特征,分析了重庆地区利用自然资源实现建筑室内热湿状况改善的潜力,结合建筑选址、建筑构造设计,根据计算模拟,简要分析了重庆地区充分利用自然资源改善室内热湿环境舒适性的技术手段和拟采用的建筑形式、系统形式以及选用原则,为真正意义上的节能建筑设计提供了一些参考。