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A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Refusal Language Strategies
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作者 Lin Tao 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第7期41-55,共15页
Using 80 short video examples about refusal language strategies on Douyin short videos as a corpus,this study explores the commonality and individuality,as well as the contradictory relationship between Chinese and Br... Using 80 short video examples about refusal language strategies on Douyin short videos as a corpus,this study explores the commonality and individuality,as well as the contradictory relationship between Chinese and British countries in the use of refusal language strategies by combining manual and graphical data analyses.It is found that Chinese people use more indirect ways of using refusal speech acts,and British and American countries use more direct ways of using refusal speech acts.In addition to this,both Chinese and British countries use non-verbal behavior to reject speech as a way of protecting the positive face of the addressee and reducing the threatening behavior to the face of the other party.This study also found that the ambivalent relationship between the emergence of refusal language strategies in both China and Britain is related to their personal psychological state,social values,and personal face.The results of this study have some values for sociology as well as pragmatics,which is conducive to the maintenance of interpersonal relationships. 展开更多
关键词 refusal language PRAGMATICS Non-verbal behavior Verbal behavior Face Theory
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Exploring the Negative Perceptions Influencing the Refusal of Flu Vaccination in the Older Adult Aged Greater than 60 Years Old: A Qualitative Systematic Review
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作者 Wa Kit Yu Elizabeth Puffett 《Journal of Biosciences and Medicines》 CAS 2022年第10期55-83,共29页
Aim: To review and investigate the negative perceptions influencing the refusal of flu vaccination in the older adult population age older than 60-year-old. Methods: This literature review focus on the qualitative stu... Aim: To review and investigate the negative perceptions influencing the refusal of flu vaccination in the older adult population age older than 60-year-old. Methods: This literature review focus on the qualitative studies or qualitative data from the mix-design research. A structural search of databases was performed for qualitative studies or mix-design research containing qualitative methods which were published in English between 2011 and 2021. There are eight studies selected in total, including 6 pure qualitative studies and 2 mixed-design studies with qualitative research methods. Only the qualitative data would be analyzed during this literature review. Results: Five descriptive themes emerged: “Insufficient promotion for influenza vaccination by healthcare professionals”, “Anti-vaccination influence”, “Insufficient local policies for encouraging influenza vaccination in elders”, “The negative personal experience of influenza vaccination” and “The negative perception of influenza vaccination from social network”. And one analytical theme was developed: “The cultural influence of influenza vaccination”. “Anti-vaccination influence” was the most significant theme out of the others, as this theme contained the greatest number of correlations to the other themes. Discussion: The six themes synthesized from the reviewed studies have correlations between them. The theme of anti-vaccine influence was the most significant theme with the evidence of the greatest number of correlations with the other theme. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors strengthen the effect of anti-vaccine perception in older adults, leading to refusal of influenza vaccination in older people population. Conclusion: The government should design new strategies for promoting influenza vaccination among older adults and acknowledge their needs culturally and financially. The cooperation of alternative medicine and mainstream western medicine maybe help for promoting influenza vaccination among older adults who adopted alternative medicine. Moreover, healthcare professionals also play a vital role in improving the influenza vaccination ratio in older adults as older adults are likely to follow the vaccination advice from healthcare professionals. 展开更多
关键词 PERCEPTIONS FLU Vaccine ELDER REFUSE
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Obstetric Anesthesia Practice Significantly Evolved: A Field for Cesarean Delivery Parturient for the Provision of Safe Anesthesia in Urgent Circumstances
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作者 Mustafa Zakaria Amal Haoudar +6 位作者 Said Makani Mariame Kabbour Oumaima Taoussi Karim Elaidaoui Yousra Rajaa Chafik El Kettani Adil Elghanmi 《Open Journal of Anesthesiology》 2024年第3期66-92,共27页
General anesthesia and Obstetric Anesthesia is the gold standard for a cesarean section but there are some cases where general anesthesia is unavoidable. The use of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery has decreas... General anesthesia and Obstetric Anesthesia is the gold standard for a cesarean section but there are some cases where general anesthesia is unavoidable. The use of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery has decreased in recent years due to the widespread use of neuraxial techniques. The choice of anesthesia techniques for cesarean delivery depends on several factors, including the patient’s psychology and the attending physician’s experience. It is chosen because of its safety profile and its benefits to the mother and fetus. It may be indicated due to emergency, maternal refusal of regional techniques, or regional contraindications. Major complications include failed intubation, gastric content aspiration, and increased bleeding risk. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a newly launched team on obstetric anesthesia practice. 展开更多
关键词 General Anesthesia Cesarean Delivery INTUBATION Maternal refusal Obstetric Anesthetists
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The Black Protests in Poland: An Example of an Anti-pastoral Revolution
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作者 Szymon Wróbel 《Philosophy Study》 2024年第2期53-62,共10页
Michel Foucault in Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978 argues, that there has never been such a thing as an anti-pastoral revolution in Western societies. Yes, we have ha... Michel Foucault in Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978 argues, that there has never been such a thing as an anti-pastoral revolution in Western societies. Yes, we have had revolutions against the disciplinary apparatus and legal devices of power (schools, hospitals, prisons) and we have had examples of revolutions against the economic foundations of social inequality, but there has never been a genuine revolution against pastoral power as a power relating to the conduct of individuals (but also entire social groups) and their disposition to “voluntary submission” to the will of external authorities. In my paper, I would like to reflect on this thesis, and taking it quite seriously, to look for examples of such revolutions. One of them is a women’s strike in Poland during the power of the conservative government of “Law and Justice”. Mainly referring to the texts of Silvia Federici and Paul Preciado, I will want to reflect on contemporary practices of reclaiming the body in contemporary capitalism. I will defend the thesis that regaining control over sexuality and reproduction means changing the material conditions of life and modern reproductive technologies. 展开更多
关键词 black protest morning-after pill primitive accumulation procreation refusal resistance voluntary submission women’s reproductive strike
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High-context and Low-context communication: A Case Study of A Chinese Refusal
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作者 吴建晓 钱敏 《海外英语》 2013年第21期305-306,309,共3页
Edward Hall offers us an effective means of examining cultural similarities and differences,that is the classification of high-context and low-context culture.The paper attempts to analyze a case of a Chinese refusal ... Edward Hall offers us an effective means of examining cultural similarities and differences,that is the classification of high-context and low-context culture.The paper attempts to analyze a case of a Chinese refusal from the perspective of highcontext and low-context communication and explores the differences between the two types of communication. 展开更多
关键词 high-context LOW-CONTEXT refusal
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A Genre——based Analysis of English Refusal Letters
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作者 费伟 《海外英语》 2014年第12X期228-229,共2页
The present study analyzes ten English refusal letters of two subcategories based on Swales' genre analysis model and finds that difference exists in the generic features of the two subcategorized types. Teachers ... The present study analyzes ten English refusal letters of two subcategories based on Swales' genre analysis model and finds that difference exists in the generic features of the two subcategorized types. Teachers should reveal the underlying rationale behind linguistic features of a specific genre so that students can not only identify genre but also apply it appropriately. 展开更多
关键词 GENRE ANALYSIS refusal LETTERS TEACHING
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The Erasure of Signifiers and Refusal of Signification in Philip Larkin's Poem“High Window”
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作者 刁俊春 《海外英语》 2013年第6X期195-197,共3页
This paper tries to analyze Philip Larkin's poem"High Window"from a deconstructive perspective. It is to show that in the poem the key words/signifiers are always under erasure, and thus the chain of sig... This paper tries to analyze Philip Larkin's poem"High Window"from a deconstructive perspective. It is to show that in the poem the key words/signifiers are always under erasure, and thus the chain of signification is endless since the poem is self-deconstructing. Then, the paper argues that the linguistic features of the poem paradoxically meaningful in the sense that it reflects the poet's skepticism and anxiety. 展开更多
关键词 "High Window" ERASURE refusal SKEPTICISM ANXIETY
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Speech Act of Refusal-A Proposal from an Interlanguage Pragmatic Perspective
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作者 邓东元 《海外英语》 2011年第13期338-340,共3页
This paper is to present a typology of refusal strategies which may be employed in the analysis of refusal performance from a discourse approach.Some previous research carried out is reviewed in order to classify non-... This paper is to present a typology of refusal strategies which may be employed in the analysis of refusal performance from a discourse approach.Some previous research carried out is reviewed in order to classify non-native speakers' production of this speech act.Then,the suggested taxonomy will be described in a systematized way from an interlanguage pragmatic perspective and within a conversational analysis framework.Finally,it is emphasized that effective communicative competence plays an important role in the production of this face-threatening speech act of refusing. 展开更多
关键词 refusals speech ACTS INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS
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The Realization of Politeness Strategies in Children's Refusal: A Case Study of Parents' Educational Background on Children's Utterances
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作者 Chusni Hadiati 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2013年第2期137-146,共10页
Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children... Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children. In producing their utterance, children are supposed to be affected by their parents. As a result of different educational background of their parents, children may produce different utterances including refusal. Children from different parents' educational background vary their refusal. The tendency that the higher parents' educational background will result the more polite refusal produced by children is not proved. 展开更多
关键词 politeness strategy CONTEXT utterances refusal CHILDREN educational background
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Politeness Strategies in Refusal
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作者 ZHAO Peng-liang GAO Min 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2013年第12期920-924,共5页
The theory of politeness and face-saving proposed by Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987) has been up to now the most influential politeness model. Brown and Levinson's politeness theory contains three basic notions: f... The theory of politeness and face-saving proposed by Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987) has been up to now the most influential politeness model. Brown and Levinson's politeness theory contains three basic notions: face, FTAs (face threatening acts), and politeness strategies. According to the authors, "face" refers to the public self-image of a person. Negative face shows the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others. Positive face shows the need to be accepted, even liked, by others, to be treated as a member of the same group, and to know that his or her wants are shared by others. It plays a leading role in the study of speech acts Brown and Levinson introduced five super strategies for politeness in relation to FTAs: bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, and don't do the FTAs. The theoretical framework of this paper is based on Brown and Levinson's politeness theory and strategies 展开更多
关键词 politeness strategies FACE face threatening face-saving refusal
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On One Model of Complex Technical Queuing System with Unreliable Devices and with Time Redundancy
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作者 Ramaz R. Shamugia 《International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences》 2014年第8期257-264,共8页
The given article deals with the development of analytical model of request service process by multichannel technical system with unreliable, repaired and reconfigured service facilities. It is assumed that the system... The given article deals with the development of analytical model of request service process by multichannel technical system with unreliable, repaired and reconfigured service facilities. It is assumed that the system is functioning in service mode of random length random request flows. The system considers the existence of time redundancy for afterservice of calls, the service of which is interrupted with refusal, non-depreciating the performed part of the task. Special probability functions are introduced which on the basis of probability reasoning allow to make the systems of integral equations describing the dynamics of request service process. 展开更多
关键词 QS—Queuing system with TIME BACKUP TECHNICAL QUEUING system with Non-Depreciating refusals Multichannel QS with TIME BACKUP QS with Non-Depreciating refusals QS with Recovered DEVICES QS Networks
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Request-Refusal Strategies in Contemporary Chinese Teledramas From the Perspective of Social Power
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作者 WANG Sheng-li 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2011年第7期425-436,共12页
This study was designed to explore the issue of request-refusal strategies in Chinese setting by establishing a corpus of vedio clips of contemporary Chinese teledramas on the basis of an overview of previous studies ... This study was designed to explore the issue of request-refusal strategies in Chinese setting by establishing a corpus of vedio clips of contemporary Chinese teledramas on the basis of an overview of previous studies on Chinese refusal strategies. In the present study, we chose 3,970 short sequences of video clips from 35 Chinese teledramas which vividly described the Chinese people's life in the contemporary times. Taking the two variables of power and distance as reference points, nine situations were designed in this study. Elaborate refusal strategies were consecutively elicited in the nine situations of the 35 contemporary Chinese teledrama serials from the perspective of social power in the study. 展开更多
关键词 REQUEST refusal STRATEGIES social power Chinese teledramas
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Exposure to TL in class and IL refusal development
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作者 ZHAO Yong-bin 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2009年第3期36-42,59,共8页
The present study aimed to account for the different degrees of IL refusal development in terms of the amount of exposure to TL in class. The refusing responses to various elicitations were collected by means of the w... The present study aimed to account for the different degrees of IL refusal development in terms of the amount of exposure to TL in class. The refusing responses to various elicitations were collected by means of the written DCT, the oral DCT and the role-play and were processed by employing component analysis. The comparison of refusal components between Group A (with full exposure) and Group B (with partial exposure) presents that the exposure in class does facilitate the development of IL refusal competence. The findings in this study bring some pedagogical implications for L2 teachers and academic inspirations to the researchers in IL pragmatic acquisition. 展开更多
关键词 the amount of exposure refusal development pragmatic competence component analysis
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The comparison between written DCT and oral role-plays in investigation upon English refusal strategies by Chinese EFL students
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作者 DUAN Ling-li Anchalee Wannaruk 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2008年第10期8-18,共11页
The present study is a comparison study of research instrument in the field of interlanguage pragmatics. Sixty-two Chinese EFL university students participated in the study. Written DCT and oral role-plays were design... The present study is a comparison study of research instrument in the field of interlanguage pragmatics. Sixty-two Chinese EFL university students participated in the study. Written DCT and oral role-plays were designed in four stimulus types of refusal strategies--refusals to invitations, suggestions, offers and requests. Chi-square test and frequency were used for quantitative data and transcription of the tests was used for the qualitative data. The results show that there is no significant difference between the two tests in terms of strategies choices, but written DCT can produce a longer sentence while oral role-plays can yield a more natural expression. 展开更多
关键词 written DCT oral role-plays English refusal strategies
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Cross-cultural Pragmatics within Speech Act:Refusal in Chinese and American Culture
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作者 李璐璐 《海外英语》 2010年第9X期183-183,196,共2页
This essay concentrates on the differences in one cross-cultural pragmatics within one speech acts-refusal in both Chinese culture and American culture.Some background theories are introduced at the beginning,followed... This essay concentrates on the differences in one cross-cultural pragmatics within one speech acts-refusal in both Chinese culture and American culture.Some background theories are introduced at the beginning,followed by specific pragmatics situations of refusal.At the end of the essay,some concepts of cross-cultural pragmatics speech acts teaching are also discussed. 展开更多
关键词 CROSS-CULTURAL PRAGMATICS speech act CHINESE and American CULTURES refusal
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Refusal Speech Acts in Chinese and American English
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作者 李洪琳 《海外英语》 2012年第12X期254-256,共3页
Refusals are frequently performed in our daily lives.Based on the speech act theory of Austin and Searle,with the theoretical frame of the politeness theory put forward by Brown and Levinson,It presents a comparative ... Refusals are frequently performed in our daily lives.Based on the speech act theory of Austin and Searle,with the theoretical frame of the politeness theory put forward by Brown and Levinson,It presents a comparative study of speech acts of refusal in Chinese and American English.The results show that refusals vary in directness with situations and cultures;On the one hand,both languages employ the three directness types,namely the direct refusal speech act,ability of negation and indirect refusal speech act,and prefer indirect refusals.The situational variability of directness in both languages follows a similar trend.On the other hand,Americans are more direct than Chinese.Furthermore,Chinese shows the lower degree of situational variation in the use of the three directness types.People' s choices of refusal strategies are influenced by social power and social distance.From all these evidence,we maintain that the cross-linguistic differences are due to basic differences in cultural values. 展开更多
关键词 refusal SPEECH ACTS CHINESE AMERICAN CULTURAL valu
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A Polite and Respectful Acceptance——Implicit Function of Refusal in Chinese from Pedagogical Perspective
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作者 Yawei Li 《汉语教学方法与技术》 2020年第2期17-33,共17页
This paper discusses the implicit function of refusal expressions that has been used by Chinese native speakers when responding to people’s offerings.By analyzing three conversations regarding how Chinese people have... This paper discusses the implicit function of refusal expressions that has been used by Chinese native speakers when responding to people’s offerings.By analyzing three conversations regarding how Chinese people have accepted people’s offerings during different time periods(1960’s,1980’s,and 2000’s),the author argues that the verbal refusal in reacting to people’s offerings(especially gifts)does not literally mean“No,I don’t want it.”Instead,it is a way to show humility,politeness,and respect to the gift giver,and it functions as an implicit form of acceptance.By referring to three excerpts chosen from The Book of Rites(Liji禮記),the author demonstrates the Chinese cultural values and cultural themes,focusing on what Chinese people say and do to show respect and politeness when dealing with gifts or other friendliness related offerings.The paper finds two pedagogical implications:1)it is the instructor’s responsibility to highlight the verbal and non-verbal behaviors that both native speakers and language learners do not ordinarily notice in language class,and 2)the repetitive contextualized performances in different levels of learning are necessary and play crucial roles in teaching and learning. 展开更多
关键词 culture performance context accept with refusal Chinese language pedagogy
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基于通信顺序进程的并发DEDS的规范和证实 被引量:1
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作者 徐林 吴智铭 +1 位作者 杨根科 孟凡英 《上海交通大学学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2002年第8期1177-1180,共4页
在实时通信顺序进程 ( TCSP)的基础上对离散事件动态系统 ( DEDS)进行建模、规范和证实 .介绍了 TCSP中与 DEDS相关的一些研究成果 ,根据离散事件的特点作了符号语义上的改进 ,就两个具体的例子——自动导引小车 ( AGV)和火车道口系统... 在实时通信顺序进程 ( TCSP)的基础上对离散事件动态系统 ( DEDS)进行建模、规范和证实 .介绍了 TCSP中与 DEDS相关的一些研究成果 ,根据离散事件的特点作了符号语义上的改进 ,就两个具体的例子——自动导引小车 ( AGV)和火车道口系统建立了 TCSP模型 ,给出了它们需要满足的特性 。 展开更多
关键词 并发DEDS 实时通信顺序进程 refusal模型 离散事件动态系统 自动导引小车 火车道口系统
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Numerical simulation on the fluidized bed gasification and CaO dechlorination of refuse derived fuel 被引量:1
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作者 王婷 金保昇 +2 位作者 牛淼淼 王晓佳 张勇 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2016年第3期317-321,共5页
A three-dimensional numerical model verified by previous experimental data is developed to simulate the fluidized bed gasification of refuse derived fuel (RDF). The CaO dechlorination model obtained by the thermal g... A three-dimensional numerical model verified by previous experimental data is developed to simulate the fluidized bed gasification of refuse derived fuel (RDF). The CaO dechlorination model obtained by the thermal gravity analysis (TGA) is coupled to investigate the process of CaO dechlorination. An Eulerian-Eulerian method is adopted to simulate the gas-solid flow and self-developed chemical reaction modules are used to simulate chemical reactions. Flow patterns, gasification results and dechlorination efficiency are obtained by numerical simulation. Meanwhile, simulations are performed to evaluate the effects of Ca/Cl molar ratio and temperature on dechlorination efficiency. The simulation results show that the presence of bubbles in the gasifier lowers the CaO dechlorination efficiency. Increasing the Ca/Cl molar ratio can enhance the dechlorination efficiency. However, with the temperature increasing, the dechlorination efficiency increases initially and then decreases. The optimal Ca/Cl molar ratio is in the range of 3. 0 to 3. 5 and the optimal temperature is 923K. 展开更多
关键词 DECHLORINATION numerical simulation bubbling fluidized bed GASIFICATION refuse derived fuel
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Autophagy and inflammation in ischemic stroke 被引量:99
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作者 Yun Mo Yin-Yi Sun Kang-Yong Liu 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第8期1388-1396,共9页
Appropriate autophagy has protective effects on ischemic nerve tissue,while excessive autophagy may cause cell death.The inflammatory response plays an important role in the survival of nerve cells and the recovery of... Appropriate autophagy has protective effects on ischemic nerve tissue,while excessive autophagy may cause cell death.The inflammatory response plays an important role in the survival of nerve cells and the recovery of neural tissue after ischemia.Many studies have found an interaction between autophagy and inflammation in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.This study outlines recent advances regarding the role of autophagy in the post-stroke inflammatory response as follows.(1)Autophagy inhibits inflammatory responses caused by ischemic stimulation through mTOR,the AMPK pathway,and inhibition of inflammasome activation.(2)Activation of inflammation triggers the formation of autophagosomes,and the upregulation of autophagy levels is marked by a significant increase in the autophagy-forming markers LC3-II and Beclin-1.Lipopolysaccharide stimulates microglia and inhibits ULK1 activity by direct phosphorylation of p38 MAPK,reducing the flux and autophagy level,thereby inducing inflammatory activity.(3)By blocking the activation of autophagy,the activation of inflammasomes can alleviate cerebral ischemic injury.Autophagy can also regulate the phenotypic alternation of microglia through the nuclear factor-κB pathway,which is beneficial to the recovery of neural tissue after ischemia.Studies have shown that some drugs such as resveratrol can exert neuroprotective effects by regulating the autophagy-inflammatory pathway.These studies suggest that the autophagy-inflammatory pathway may provide a new direction for the treatment of ischemic stroke. 展开更多
关键词 AUTOPHAGY cerebral ischemia function INFLAMMASOME INFLAMMATION ischemia/refusion ischemic stroke MACROAUTOPHAGY NEUROINFLAMMATION oxygen glucose deprivation
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