A long-term simulation for the period 1990–2010 is conducted with the latest version of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics＇ Regional Climate Model（RegCM4）, driven by ERA-Interim boundary conditions a...A long-term simulation for the period 1990–2010 is conducted with the latest version of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics＇ Regional Climate Model（RegCM4）, driven by ERA-Interim boundary conditions at a grid spacing of 25 km. The Community Land Model（CLM） is used to describe land surface processes, with updates in the surface parameters,including the land cover and surface emissivity. The simulation is compared against observations to evaluate the model performance in reproducing the present day climatology and interannual variability over the 10 main river basins in China,with focus on surface air temperature and precipitation. Temperature and precipitation from the ERA-Interim reanalysis are also considered in the model assessment. Results show that the model reproduces the present day climatology over China and its main river basins, with better performances in June–July–August compared to December–January–February（DJF）.In DJF, we find a warm bias at high latitudes, underestimated precipitation in the south, and overestimated precipitation in the north. The model in general captures the observed interannual variability, with greater skill for temperature. We also find an underestimation of heavy precipitation events in eastern China, and an underestimation of consecutive dry days in northern China and the Tibetan Plateau. Similar biases for both mean climatology and extremes are found in the ERA-Interim reanalysis, indicating the difficulties for climate models in simulating extreme monsoon climate events over East Asia.展开更多
黑碳(BC)气溶胶(简称黑碳)对区域和全球气候变化具有重要影响。为了进一步认识亚洲地区黑碳的区域气候效应,本文使用新一代的区域气候—化学模式RegCM4,研究了来自印度和中国内地的黑碳排放对东亚冬季气候的影响。结果表明:来自中国内...黑碳(BC)气溶胶(简称黑碳)对区域和全球气候变化具有重要影响。为了进一步认识亚洲地区黑碳的区域气候效应,本文使用新一代的区域气候—化学模式RegCM4,研究了来自印度和中国内地的黑碳排放对东亚冬季气候的影响。结果表明:来自中国内地和印度的黑碳排放可导致东亚地区黑碳的区域平均柱含量、大气顶和地表有效辐射强迫分别变化了+1.78 mg m^(−2)、+1.98 W m^(−2)和−2.17 W m^(−2)。中国内地和印度黑碳对东亚气候的影响机制相同。印度黑碳对东亚冬季气候的影响主要通过对大气动力过程的调整来实现,由此造成的散射气溶胶浓度增加可导致该区域850 hPa附近和地表气温降低,而中国内地的黑碳还可直接影响东亚气候,其加热效应可导致该区域大部分地区850 hPa附近的气层变暖。由于中国内地黑碳在东亚地区占主导,其在影响东亚区域气候变化方面发挥着更重要的作用。总体而言,两地总的黑碳会造成850 hPa高度附近云量减少和气温升高;地表日照时数减少,气温、感热通量和地表蒸发量下降;边界层高度降低和散射气溶胶的柱含量上升。研究结果还进一步反映了东亚冬季气候对不同排放黑碳的响应表现出了一定的非线性。展开更多
Biogeophysical effects of land use and land cover （LULC） changes play a significant role in modulating climate on various spatial scales. In this study, a set of recent LULC products with a spatial resolution of 500...Biogeophysical effects of land use and land cover （LULC） changes play a significant role in modulating climate on various spatial scales. In this study, a set of recent LULC products with a spatial resolution of 500 m was developed in China for update in RegCM4 （regional climate model version 4）. Two sets of comparative numerical experiments were conducted to study the effects of LULC changes on near-surface temperature simulation. The results show that after LULC changes, areas of crops and mixed woodlands as well as urban areas increase over entire China, accom- panied with greatly expanded mixed farming and forests/field mosaics in southern China, and reduced areas of 1） ir- rigated crops and short grasses in northern China and the Tibetan Plateau, and 2） semi-desert and desert in northwest-em China. Improvements in the LULC data clearly result in more accurate simulations of the near-surface temperat-ure. Specifically, increasing latent heat and longwave albedo due to enhanced LULC in certain areas lead to reduc-tion in land surface temperature （LST）, while changes in shortwave albedo and sensible heat also exert a great influ- ence on the LST. Overall, these parameter adjustments reduce the biases in near-surface temperature simulation.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0600704)the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.41375104)the Climate Change Specific Fund of China(Grant Nos.CCSF201626 and CCSF201509)
文摘A long-term simulation for the period 1990–2010 is conducted with the latest version of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics＇ Regional Climate Model（RegCM4）, driven by ERA-Interim boundary conditions at a grid spacing of 25 km. The Community Land Model（CLM） is used to describe land surface processes, with updates in the surface parameters,including the land cover and surface emissivity. The simulation is compared against observations to evaluate the model performance in reproducing the present day climatology and interannual variability over the 10 main river basins in China,with focus on surface air temperature and precipitation. Temperature and precipitation from the ERA-Interim reanalysis are also considered in the model assessment. Results show that the model reproduces the present day climatology over China and its main river basins, with better performances in June–July–August compared to December–January–February（DJF）.In DJF, we find a warm bias at high latitudes, underestimated precipitation in the south, and overestimated precipitation in the north. The model in general captures the observed interannual variability, with greater skill for temperature. We also find an underestimation of heavy precipitation events in eastern China, and an underestimation of consecutive dry days in northern China and the Tibetan Plateau. Similar biases for both mean climatology and extremes are found in the ERA-Interim reanalysis, indicating the difficulties for climate models in simulating extreme monsoon climate events over East Asia.
文摘黑碳(BC)气溶胶(简称黑碳)对区域和全球气候变化具有重要影响。为了进一步认识亚洲地区黑碳的区域气候效应,本文使用新一代的区域气候—化学模式RegCM4,研究了来自印度和中国内地的黑碳排放对东亚冬季气候的影响。结果表明:来自中国内地和印度的黑碳排放可导致东亚地区黑碳的区域平均柱含量、大气顶和地表有效辐射强迫分别变化了+1.78 mg m^(−2)、+1.98 W m^(−2)和−2.17 W m^(−2)。中国内地和印度黑碳对东亚气候的影响机制相同。印度黑碳对东亚冬季气候的影响主要通过对大气动力过程的调整来实现,由此造成的散射气溶胶浓度增加可导致该区域850 hPa附近和地表气温降低,而中国内地的黑碳还可直接影响东亚气候,其加热效应可导致该区域大部分地区850 hPa附近的气层变暖。由于中国内地黑碳在东亚地区占主导,其在影响东亚区域气候变化方面发挥着更重要的作用。总体而言,两地总的黑碳会造成850 hPa高度附近云量减少和气温升高;地表日照时数减少,气温、感热通量和地表蒸发量下降;边界层高度降低和散射气溶胶的柱含量上升。研究结果还进一步反映了东亚冬季气候对不同排放黑碳的响应表现出了一定的非线性。
基金Supported by the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(GYHY201506001)Gansu Provincial Meteorological Bureau Key Research Project(GSMAZd2017-10)
文摘Biogeophysical effects of land use and land cover （LULC） changes play a significant role in modulating climate on various spatial scales. In this study, a set of recent LULC products with a spatial resolution of 500 m was developed in China for update in RegCM4 （regional climate model version 4）. Two sets of comparative numerical experiments were conducted to study the effects of LULC changes on near-surface temperature simulation. The results show that after LULC changes, areas of crops and mixed woodlands as well as urban areas increase over entire China, accom- panied with greatly expanded mixed farming and forests/field mosaics in southern China, and reduced areas of 1） ir- rigated crops and short grasses in northern China and the Tibetan Plateau, and 2） semi-desert and desert in northwest-em China. Improvements in the LULC data clearly result in more accurate simulations of the near-surface temperat-ure. Specifically, increasing latent heat and longwave albedo due to enhanced LULC in certain areas lead to reduc-tion in land surface temperature （LST）, while changes in shortwave albedo and sensible heat also exert a great influ- ence on the LST. Overall, these parameter adjustments reduce the biases in near-surface temperature simulation.
