Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction: Experiences from Three Provincial Power Companies and One Regional Power Grid Company

Power industry is one of the key fields for energy conservation and emissions reduction (ECER) in China. In order to achieve the nation's overall energy consumption target and pollutant emission target set by the 11th Five-Year Plan, to build the resource-conservation and environment-friendly society during the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010), it is crucial to implement the policy of "Large (units) In and Small (units) Out (LISO)" (i.e., replacing small units with large ones) and accelerate the retirement of small thermal units. According to the statistics, the power industry has made a significant progress in SO2 emission reduction during the first half of 2007. Specifically, with 18.3% growth in power generation, the SO2 emission was reduced by 5.2% compared with the same period in 2006. By the end of July 2007, the retired small units have totaled 6950 MW, 85% of which belongs to the five major power generation groups such as Guodian and Huadian. In this article, the achievements and remaining issues in Henan, Jiangsu, Sichuan Power Companies and East China Grid Company were presented and discussed thoroughly.

The Relation between Regional Power Policies of Turkey and the Media Strategy of President Erdogan

This research investigates the relation between regional power policies of Turkey and the media strategy of President Erdogan.After the coup attempt on July 15,2016,the Justice and Development Party started to implement regional power policies,which are focusing on security affairs.The political power fell into the hands of the President.Regional power policies are used as a legitimised as a tool for the transition to authoritarianism.The main purpose of this transition is to suppress dissident voices by controlling the media.In this article,I argue that President Erdogan uses regional power policies as a tool to control the national media.The President is trying to create the image of a world leader for himself by using the pro-government media companies.Turkey's of natural gas,the Libya issue and the NATO Summit in Madrid will be discussed in terms of media's perspectives.

Engineering Geological Study of Regional Tectonic Stability in the Area of the Longyang Gorge Power Station on the Huanghe (Yellow) River

In the stability study of the regional structures in the area of the Longyang Gorge Hydroelectrical Power Station, a model of the current stress-deformation field of the area was constructed based on analyses of available data of regional surveys and historical earthquakes and field investigations of active faults and ancient earthquakes. This model was examined and verified by physical and mathematical simulation experiments, and quantitative relations and data were obtained.

Landscape Visual Environment Impact Analysis of Wind Power Project in Plain Region--Case in One Wind Power Farm Project of Zhanjiang

The construction of wind power project is conducive to saving energy,reducing emissions and regulating energy structure. But it inevitably causes some impacts on the environment in the construction process. Because that the height of wind power generator generally exceeds 100 m,and visual range in plain region is farther,it is necessary to scientifically and rationally evaluate and analyze landscape visual environment impact of wind power generator in plain region. One wind power farm project of Zhanjiang is located in typical plain region of Guangdong coast. Referring to traditional analytic method of landscape visual impact and comparing with actual situation for the same kind of project in the region,results show that it is ＂ extremely sensitive＂ area at 0- 2. 5 km from wind power generator, ＂ very sensitive＂ area at 2. 5- 5. 0 km, ＂ sensitive＂ area at 5- 10 km, ＂generally sensitive＂ area at 10- 20 km,and non-sensitive area outside 20 km.

The Power Paradigm of the King Salman Period: Building a Saudi Soft Power?

Saudi foreign policy entered into a transformation period towardsa de-militarization and de-escalation with the regional and nonregionalactors since the Al-Ula Peace in January 2021. Under thesupervision of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi decision-makers constructed a new domestic power paradigm basedon economic diversification and an ambitious Saudi nationdescribed in the 2030 Saudi Vision. Accordingly, the changingregional security perceptions of the regional actors based on diplomaticmanoeuvres awakened Saudi Arabia to invest in buildingsoft power apart from the religious leadership in the Muslimworld. Thus, the King Salman period experiences producing aSaudi soft power in cultural, social, political, and economic wayswhile silencing the religious rhetoric in foreign policy making.

Regional wind power forecasting model with NWP grid dataoptimized

Unlike the traditional fossil energy, wind, as the clean renewable energy, can reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas. To take full advantage of the environmental benefits of wind energy, wind power forecasting has to be studied to overcome the troubles brought by the variable nature of wind. Power forecasting for regional wind farm groups is the problem that many power system operators care about. The high-dimensional feature sets with redundant information are frequently encountered when dealing with this problem. In this paper, two kinds of feature set construction methods are proposed which can achieve the proper feature set either by selecting the subsets or by transforming the original variables with specific combinations. The former method selects the subset according to the criterion of minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance (mRMR), while the latter does so based on the method of principal component analysis (PCA). A locally weighted learning method is also proposed to utilize the processed feature set to produce the power forecast results. The proposed model is simple and easy to use with parameters optimized automatically. Finally, a case study of 28 wind farms in East China is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Performance Improvement of Very Short-term Prediction Intervals for Regional Wind Power Based on Composite Conditional Nonlinear Quantile Regression

Accurate regional wind power prediction plays an important role in the security and reliability of power systems.For the performance improvement of very short-term prediction intervals(PIs),a novel probabilistic prediction method based on composite conditional nonlinear quantile regression(CCNQR)is proposed.First,the hierarchical clustering method based on weighted multivariate time series motifs(WMTSM)is studied to consider the static difference,dynamic difference,and meteorological difference of wind power time series.Then,the correlations are used as sample weights for the conditional linear programming(CLP)of CCNQR.To optimize the performance of PIs,a composite evaluation including the accuracy of PI coverage probability(PICP),the average width(AW),and the offsets of points outside PIs(OPOPI)is used to quantify the appropriate upper and lower bounds.Moreover,the adaptive boundary quantiles(ABQs)are quantified for the optimal performance of PIs.Finally,based on the real wind farm data,the superiority of the proposed method is verified by adequate comparisons with the conventional methods.

Optimal redundant placement of PMUs in Indian power grid -- northern, eastern and north-eastern regions

Effective utilization of renewable energy sources and efficient management of electric energy are essential for any developing countries like India. This can be envisioned through the implementation of concepts of smart grid （SG）. One of the key requisites for SG implementation is that the grid should be completely observable. Renovation of conventional Indian power grid to a SG necessitates incorporation of the phasor measure- ment units （PMUs） in the present power grid measurement and monitoring system. Since the cost of PMU is high and any bus containing a PMU makes the neighboring connected buses observable, optimal placement of PMUs is very important for complete observability of the grid. This paper proposes optimal redundant geographical locations in the northern, eastern and north-eastern regions of Indian power grid for PMU placement. The PMUs installed in these geographical locations will make the grid completely observable and maintain the observability under the conditions of failure of some PMUs or branch outages. Integer linear programming has been used for finding the optimal PMU locations. The results proposed in this paper can be a stepping stone for revamping the Indian power grid to a SG ensuring complete observability during different contingency conditions.

Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid A case study

Efficient utilization of energy resources is essential for a developing country like India. The concept of smart grid （SG） can provide a highly reliable power system with optimized utilization of available resources. The present Indian power grid requires revolutionary changes to meet the growing demands and to make the grid smarter and reliable. One of the important requirements for SG is the instantaneous monitoring of the voltage, current and power flows at all buses in the grid. The traditional monitoring system cannot satisfy this requirement since they are based on nonlinear power flow equations. Synchro-phasor-measurement devices like phasor mea- surement units （PMUs） can measure the phasor values of voltages at installed buses. Consequently, the currents passing through all branches connected to that bus can be computed. Since the voltage phasor values at the neighboring buses of a bus containing the PMU can be estimated using Ohm＇s law, it is redundant to install PMUs at all the buses in a power grid for its complete observability. This paper proposes the optimal geographi- cal locations for the PMUs in southern region Indian power grid for the implementation of SG, using Integer Linear Programming. The proposed optimal geographical locations for PMU placement can be a stepping stone for the implementation of SG in India.

Voltage sag compensation strategy for unified power quality conditioner with simultaneous reactive power injection

Unified power quality conditioner(UPQC)holds the capability of solving power quality problems,especially shows good performance in the voltage sag compensation. In this paper, a compensation strategy based on simultaneous reactive power injection for UPQC(namely UPQC-SRI) is proposed to address the issue of voltage sag. The proposed UPQC-SRI determines the injection angle of compensation voltage with consideration of optimal configuration of UPQC current-carrying.Moreover, the compensation strategy also considers the current-carrying limit of UPQC, and then the zero active power injection region of UPQC-SRI(also called UPQCSRI region) is obtained. Under the conditions which exceed the UPQC-SRI region, the limit value of shunt current is determined by this proposed strategy. Finally, the proposed strategy and the corresponding algorithm are verified under the PSCAD/EMTDC platform. The result indicates the proposed UPQC-SRI strategy in this paper can provide more persistent voltage sag compensation than the previous strategies for the sensitive load.

China’s Three Level Game in the Middle East

How has China responded to regional tensions and conflicts in the Middle East?Broadly,it has done so in the form of a threelevel game,at the global level(involving powerful outside parties like the US,Russia and the Europeans),at the regional level(and specifically the main regional powers like Saudi Arabia,Iran,Israel and Turkey)and at the sub-regional level where smaller and weaker states are based.The existence of this multipolar and competitive environment in which no one state or group of states is sufficiently capable to overcome another means that China’s relations with the region involve a range of sometimes contrary responses,including cooperation with these states while avoiding being caught up in their differences.This strategy may be summarised as‘strategic ambiguity’or‘hedging’and while it has served China well,it may be reaching the endpoint of its current utility.