GIS-based Ecological Suitability Assessment for Land Use——A Case Study of an Economic Development Zone in Shenyang

Analysis indices of ecological suitability were selected through literature reviewing and expert consultation. Visualization of assessment course was achieved based on different land use functions with the help of ArcGIS9.0 and GIS layers with different properties were overlapped and computed with GIS grids. Hence, the areas were colored and reclassified（colors representing different ecological suitability degrees）. Finally, land use functions can be readjusted by the evaluation results,providing references for rational planning of economic development zones.

Ecological and Environmental Protection Requirements in China s Regional Coordinated Development Strategy in the New Era

Starting from the historical evolution of China s regional coordinated development policy and practice,three stages of"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"maturity stage",as well as the connotation,characteristics and content of implementing regional coordinated development strategy were analyzed.On this basis,from different aspects of industrial distribution,pollutant characteristics and regional environmental protection policy,the existing ecological and environmental protection problems in China s regional coordinated development in the new era were analyzed,and some suggestions for the next step were put forward.It is necessary to follow the"four ones"concept from the overall point of view,implement"three lines and one list"from the perspective of the width of the access red line,strengthen"joint prevention and control"from the perspective of the depth of regional regulation,deepen the"planning environmental impact assessment"from the perspective of the breadth of industrial distribution,and promote the"green-way model"from the perspective of ecological low carbon.

Assessment of impact of water diversion projects on ecological water uses in arid region

In arid regions, large-scale water diversion from rivers leads to significant changes in river flow regimes, which may have large impacts on ecological water uses of river-dependent ecosystems, such as river, lake, wetland, and riparian ecosystems. To assess the integrated impact of water diversion on ecological water uses, we proposed a hierarchy evaluation model composed of four layers representing the evaluation goal, sub-areas of the influenced region, evaluation criteria, and water diversion schemes, respectively. The evaluation criteria for different types of ecological water uses were proposed, and the analytical hierarchy process was used for the integrated assessment. For a river ecosystem, the percentage of mean annual flow was used to define the grade of environmental flow. For a lake ecosystem, water recharge to the lake to compensate the lake water losses was used to assess the ecological water use of a lake. The flooding level of the wetland and the groundwater level in the riparian plain were used to assess the wetland and riparian ecological water uses, respectively. The proposed model was applied to a basin in northern Xinjiang in northwest China, where both water diversion and inter-basin water transfer projects were planned to be carried out. Based on assessment results for the whole study area and two sub-areas, an appropriate scheme was recommended from four planning schemes. With the recommended scheme, ecological water uses of the influenced ecosystems can be maintained at an acceptable level. Meanwhile, economical water requirements can be met to a great extent.

Land development suitability analysis for transport planning evaluation and optimization in mountainous ecological region

Transportation planning is a critical component for creating an orderly,intensive,and sustainable pattern of land development.By comprehensively considering the potential and suitability of transport construction,a comprehensive method combining resources and environmental carrying capacity(RECC)and land development suitability(LDS)was developed by using techniques of GIS,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and threedimensional magic cube.Taking Aba prefecture in Sichuan Province of Southwest China as a case study,LDS for transportation was analyzed from three aspects,including overall planning layout,different transport modes,and transportation projects.The results showed that the transport planning scales of most counties in Aba were suitable,and the order of LDS of different transport modes was railway>highway=superhighway>tourism track,which already included 42 new transportation projects.We found that two counties(Maoxian County and Jiuzhaigou County)should improve the ecological protection level of transportation,in which the railway network construction should be encouraged,and some transportation projects with low LDS should be postponed or constructed harmlessly.We suggest the combination of RECC and LDS for transportation could enhance the territorial space optimization and sustainable transport construction.

基于AHP-EWM-TOPSIS的秦岭北麓西安段冰酒葡萄生态适宜性评价

本研究旨在评估冰酒葡萄(Ice wine grape)在秦岭北麓西安段的生态适宜性,以促进该作物种植的经济潜力并优化当地葡萄产业结构。根据冰酒葡萄生长需求和秦岭北麓自然气候特点,研究选取最冷月均温、≥10℃有效积温、生长季干燥度、坡度、土壤pH等评价因子,确立冰酒葡萄适宜性评价体系。基于秦岭北麓西安段2000—2021年逐日气象观测数据、生态数据,采用层次分析法(AHP)、改进熵值法(EWM)、TOPSIS综合评价法,本研究构建了一个冰酒葡萄种植综合区划评估模型,对影响冰酒葡萄种植的气候、地形、土壤三大指标的空间分布进行分析。经统计分析得出最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区4个等级。结果表明,所提出的方法能够有效地识别秦岭北麓西安段内冰酒葡萄种植的生态优势区域,且所得区划结果与实际情况高度一致。这一发现对冰酒葡萄种植的区域布局和科学规划提供了重要参考。

生态位视角下的中小城市常规公交系统建设适宜度评价

当前对于常规公交系统建设中所采用的线性增长指标是否能较好地贴合一个城市内公交系统的发展水平,在建设评价的过程中没有得到明确体现。同时中小城市公交系统相较于大城市有其自身的发展特点,为确保公交系统建设与城市发展相匹配,文章引入生态学的相关原理,将公交系统视作一个“活”的生态体系,结合其生态学特征,运用生态位理论,从自然质量、社会经济和综合效益三个维度,构建中小城市公交系统建设适宜度评价指标体系,并提出基于生态位适宜度理论的公交系统建设适宜度评价方法。对我国56个中小城市的公交系统建设适宜度进行计算和分类,分析不同城市公交系统建设的差异性,结果表明:公交线路、线网长度和固定资产投资等指标表现出较高的重要性;自身的建设标准仍是决定性因素,但需要与城市发展相匹配,不能忽视城市经济水平、人口需求等在公交系统建设发展中所起到的作用。

Regional differentiation of ecological conservation and its zonal suitability at the county level in China

China＇s investments, financial incentives and deductions in terms of ecological conservation are based at the county level. Therefore, the monitoring and assessment of the effects of ecological conservation at the county level is important to provide a scientific basis for the assessment of the ecological and environmental quality at the county scale. This paper quantitatively estimated the dynamics of high-quality ecosystems and vegetation coverage over the past 15 years, and their relationships with the number of ecological conservation programs at the county level were analyzed. Then, the effects of ecological conservation measures on ecological changes at the county level and their regional suitability were as- sessed and discussed. The results showed that counties with a percentage of high-quality ecosystems greater than 50% were primarily distributed in northeastern China, southern subtropical China and the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and those with a percentage lower than 20% were mostly distributed in northwestern China, the southwestern karst region and the North China Plain. In recent decades, ecological conservation has focused on ecol- ogically fragile regions; more than five ecological conservation programs have been imple- mented in most counties of the Three River Source Region in Qinghai Province, southeastern Tibet, western Sichuan, the Qilian Mountains, southern Xinjiang and other western regions, while only one or zero have been implemented in the eastern coastal area of China. Over the past 15 years, the proportional area of high-quality ecosystems has increased in approxi- mately 53% of counties. The vegetation coverage of counties in the Loess Plateau, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei （Jing-Jin-Ji）, Sichuan-Guizhou-Chongqing, and Guangdong-Guangxi provincial-level areas has increased significantly. However, it decreased in northern Xinjiang, central Tibet, central and eastern Inner Mongolia, the Yangtze River Delta and other regions. The relationships between the numbers of ecological conservation programs and the indicators of ecosystem restoration response, such as high-quality eco- system and vegetation coverage, do not show positive correlations. These results suggest that ecological conservation programs should be planned and implemented according to the distribution patterns of high-quality ecosystems and that restoration measures such as af- forestation should follow natural principles and regional differentiation under the background of climate change.

潍坊市互花米草治理区滩涂生态修复适宜性分析

互花米草治理滩涂的生态修复是防止互花米草复发的重要举措。本研究依据海岸带生态减灾修复技术等相关要求,确立互花米草治理区滩涂生态修复适宜性评估的指标,即水淹时间、底质环境(含沉积物类型、水溶性盐总量、有机碳)、乡土植被、互花米草除治和治理区开发利用情况5个指标,对潍坊市互花米草治理区滩涂生态修复适宜性进行分析。结果表明:依据5个评估指标进行适宜性评估,虞河、潍河、北胶莱河3个河口滩涂区评估结果均为“基本适宜”。本研究为潍坊沿海互花米草治理区生态修复适宜性和因地制宜开展分类修复提供了理论支撑和数据支持。

官员生态问责对河长制政策成效的影响及作用机制

根据环保权责在纵向政府之间的配置趋向,可划分为环保监管集权和环境治理分权两种实践模式;其各自呈现鲜明治理优势,却又分别存在难以规避的内在体制困境。河长制政策统一了自上而下的压力型体制和官僚控制、自下而上的治理责任明确与治理任务分工,一方面在权能下放、责任划分、社会公开等治理过程中呈现出典型的分权化治理逻辑,另一方面又以治理权责分级分域、党政领导直接定责以及地方官员显性责任即时惩戒等集权化环保监管为条件。正是因为河长制政策兼具监管集权与治理分权两种机制优势,因此成为该研究解析环保集权-分权悖论的可行政策工具。该研究以7大流域中由地级市主要官员担任河长的河流为样本,基于多期双重差分模型,实证检验了官员生态问责纠正、补充区域环保政策的效应机制。研究发现:①河长制政策施行显著降低了河流污染物浓度,实现了流域环境的整体改善;②晋升激励能够对河长制政策成效产生显著影响,即相较于以经济增长为目标的官员激励,强化官员考核中的生态问责更能提升河长制这一分权化环境治理模式的治理效能;③生态问责对河长制治理成效的促进作用,在政府环保注意力配置更低、环境治理财政投入与监管能力相对不足的区域中更为明显,表明环保集权能够在一定程度上修正和纠补治理分权下的区域间政策落差与偏差,进而能够克服地方环保治理中的政绩偏好替代、生态政策执行低效、环境治理碎片化与“搭便车”等问题。该研究发现调和了环保监管集权与环境治理分权之间的理论冲突,指出两者环境治理实践中可以呈现为互为条件、相互支撑的补充关系。

粤港澳大湾区生态海堤建设适宜性评估体系研究

由于没有成熟的标准可作为依据,生态海堤建设的应用应采取积极、慎重的态度,在实施前进行预评估非常必要。文章在分析粤港澳大湾区防灾保障能力和海堤生态功能提升潜力的基础上,旨在构建一套适合粤港澳大湾区及其他周边同类型地区的海堤生态化建设适宜性评估指标体系与方法,结合粤港澳大湾区海堤现状,对粤港澳大湾区海堤生态化建设适宜性进行评估,提出生态海堤在不同岸段建设的适宜性,研究成果可为相近地区的海堤建设适宜性评估提供参考。

城市生态环境质量评价方法

城市生态环境质量评价是城市生态学研究的重要领域,是城市区域规划、生态管理的基础,研究从城市生态系统结构、城市生态效能与城市环境各个方面出发,基于科学性、目的性、系统性与可操作性原则,提出了生态服务用地指数、人均公共绿地指数、物种丰富指数、非工业用地指数等10类城市生态环境质量评价指数,根据专家经验赋权重方法,建立了城市生态环境质量评价指标。研究选择青岛、上海、长春等7个城市作为评价对象,进行了城市生态环境质量评价,结果表明,青岛城市生态环境质量优,昆明、上海、成都、长春、重庆城市生态环境质量较好,乌鲁木齐城市生态环境一般,生态环境质量评价结果与现状基本相符,可为城市规划、城市生态环境整治和城市生态环境管理提供重要基础。

区域环评中生态适宜度分析指标体系的探讨

从城市生态学的内涵和自然与社会两大生态系统出发,结合上海城市特点,建立应用于上海市城镇区域开发建设环境影响评价的生态适宜度分析指标体系,它包括开发区居住用地和工业用地的三级指标体系,其中居住区包含环境质量、绿化景观和地理位置等6项自然生态指标,和生活设施、布局设计、人口密度和综合管理等10项人文社会生态指标;工业区包含环境质量和自然地理等8项自然生态指标,和基础设施、人力资源和综合条件等9项人文生态指标。指标体系以上海市罗店镇和庄行镇城镇作为评价对象进行实例验证分析,结果表明。

安徽省沿淮地区生态安全评价模型和指标体系

运用压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,以安徽省沿淮地区为例进行了生态安全评价研究.根据安徽省沿淮地区的经济、社会和环境特点,提出社会经济作为模型组成部分的区域生态安全综合评价模型及指标体系.采用德尔菲法、层次分析法确定了17项评价指标及其权重,分类建立评价指标数学函数,计算该地区生态安全指数,并与PSR模型的评价结果进行了比较分析.结果表明,PSR模型评价结果为0·41,增加社会经济部分后的PSR模型的评价结果为0·34,两种评价结果同属较不安全等级,但相差为20·6%.区域生态安全评价模型和指标体系的建立应当结合区域特点,采用多模型进行评价,分析差异原因,以确定影响生态安全的主要要素.

生态居住小区评价指标体系的不确定性研究

针对目前我国生态居住小区构建评价指标体系时面临的种种不确定性问题,分析其产生的原因,确立了以弹性原则为主的评价指标体系构建原则,提出了一套建立符合我国国情的、定性与定量结合的、考虑不确定性的评价指标体系的方法。并结合实际设计项目,在温岭市生态居住小区详细规划中,按照弹性、层次性以及可操作性原则,采用AHP法,得出一个三层次的包括生态住宅、生态景观、生态技术、基础设施和社区管理、生态文化5大系统和2 4个指标项的生态居住区评价指标体系,并对各项指标及其权重进行量化。

区域生态安全评价指标体系选取的概念框架研究

在全球区域和我国范围内,生态安全形势越来越严峻,局部地区的生态安全态势甚至已经损坏了社会经济与农业生产可持续发展的基础,但是从学术层面上的区域生态安全研究,尚未真正开展起来。本文研究建立的区域生态安全评价指标体系选取的概念框架和提出的区域生态安全评价指标体系,将为区域生态安全评价研究和生态环境管理实践提供理论基础。

生态敏感区旅游开发适宜性评价及生态制图方法

生态适宜性分析尽管在城市和区域生态规划中得到了广泛应用,然而在自然保护区、风景名胜区等涉及重要生态敏感区诸如旅游开发的空间布局和选址,以及规划和项目生态环境影响评价问题上,由于缺少系统的评价技术方法体系,却没有得到较好的推广。因此,提出了一种适用于山岳型生态敏感区旅游开发空间适宜性评价及生态制图的方法体系,并以内蒙古五当召风景旅游区为例,通过对地形地势、坡度坡向、土壤环境、植被覆盖、水文水系、地质岩性等因子及其反映出的水土流失、地质灾害、生物多样性和防洪排涝4种典型生态敏感要素的分析,开展了该方法的案例研究。最后,在以上单因子和综合因子的生态敏感性分析及空间适宜性制图基础上,通过与案例研究区各项旅游开发活动的空间布局进行叠合,针对性地提出了项目规划布局的调整建议和具体的生态保护措施。此外,该方法由于系统综合的考虑了影响山岳型生态敏感区开发建设活动中的各种生态敏感因子,并通过生态制图的方式在空间上得以显示,将有助于涉及生态敏感区项目的决策和管理部门更加有效地开展生态风险的防治并制定相应的监管措施,同时也为涉及该类型区域的生态环境影响评价提供科学有效的技术方法。

市域环境区划和用地生态适宜度分析方法——以晋江市市域环境区划为例

本文探讨了市域环境区划和用地生态适宜度分析的方法 ,提出了适合市域环境区划用地生态适宜度分析的生态指标 ,并将此结果应用于晋江市环境区划中 ,可为市域环境规划调整功能区提供参考。

主成分及聚类分析在水生态系统区划中的应用

根据武汉市15个湖泊、水库的浮游生物、底栖动物调查结果及理化性质监测数据,选择12个量化指标进行主成分分析,提取出6个主成分,运用回归分析算出15个样本在主成分上的标准得分,据此进行聚类分析,将评价水体划分为4种生态类型,并对之进行讨论分析,得出了每一类生态水体的水生生物群落结构特征、水质状况、富营养化状况、污染类型等.

中国省级区域环境绩效评价方法研究

采用主题框架法与DPSIR模型,构建了4层次中国省级区域环境绩效评价指标体系,对2010年30个省(市、自治区)的区域环境绩效进行了评价与分析。结果表明,北京、广东达到优秀水平;山西、甘肃、贵州、宁夏、青海、新疆的区域环境绩效水平较差。中国省级区域环境绩效表现出明显的地域性。西部地区的总体水平较差;中部地区总体在良好以下;东部地区基本处于良好及其以上水平。其中,环境质量的主要制约因子为区域环境噪声、城市居民粪便处理率和工业固体废物处置率;生态保护的主要制约因子为人均公园绿地面积、农药使用强度、植被覆盖指数和森林覆盖率;资源可持续利用的主要制约因子为水资源缺乏指数和城市再生水利用率;环境治理的主要制约因子为环境治理投资占GDP的比例和环境保护机构人员占地区总人口的比例。

平原河网地区土地利用生态适宜性评价——以上海市张江功能区域为例

以上海市张江功能区域为研究对象,借助于ArcGIS和Fragstats的统计分析功能,研究2000～2006年区域土地利用和景观格局动态变化特征,表现为区域工业用地增长过快,水域等自然下垫面明显减少,绿色廊道建设不足,区域景观格局空间分布有待优化。运用生态适宜性评价方法,划分了生态适宜性评价等级及标准,从自然生态和人文生态两个维度,构建了以工业用地,居住用地和河流廊道为主体的土地利用生态适宜性评价指标体系。评价结果表明:生态适宜性综合评价值为0.82,三种用地类型得分处于0.79～0.84之间,均为中度适宜等级;工业和居住用地自然生态建设不足,生物资源保护、环境质量和绿地建设是主要自然限制因子;河流廊道生态效应未能充分发挥,河岸建筑密度、河岸带舒适性、河流廊道连续性和植被结构完整性是主要限制因子。