On Answering the Question Related to the Legal Regulation of Working Hours in the New Era:Western Experience and Chinese Approach

The popularity of flexible working hours around the world has slowed down the historical trend of reducing working hours.It even shows signs of regression.Whether and how to guide the cur-rent society with flexible working hours to return to the historical track of reducing working hours,improve the quality of working hours,and promote a smooth transition from the era of traditional standard work-ing hours to the era of flexible working hours has become a question related to the legal regulation of working hours in the new era.In this regard,although Western countries have proposed new regulatory concepts and carried out legislative practices with distinctive charac-teristics,the limitations of legal regulation capabilities have prevented them from proposing a package of institutional solutions.The advan-tage of China in the ability of legal regulation of working hours has been gradually formed in the legislation on working hours unnder the leadership of the CPC in the past century.It enables China to break through the limitations of the West and propose a Chinese approach to answer the question of the legal regulation of working hours in the new era from three aspects:limiting the extension of working hours,improving the quality of flexible working hours,and optimizing the funnctions of the multi-funnctional regulatory system for working hours.

Work-Family Conflict in Nursing: The Role of Work Schedules, Familial Antecedents and Emotional Regulation

This paper explores the influences of Emotional Regulation (ER) and work schedules on work-family conflict (WFC) among Italian nurses, also accounting for some familial variables. The data used in this study come from a survey conducted on 191 nurses working in two public hospitals of Tuscany (Italy). Stepwise multiple regressions were applied to examine the relationships among these variables, using the WFC as dependent variable. We found that some work related dimensions had direct effects on WFC outcomes;however, these impacts on the criterion variables are modified by the effects exerted by specific ER strategies.

Legislation to Regulate the Working Hours and Labor Intensity of Practitioners in the Platform Economy

Under the employment model of online car-hailing platforms,the extension of working hours and increase of labor intensity for practitioners are driven by the orders from these platform companies and labor-related third parties.Also,they are more attributable to the internal driving force of practitioners themselves who hope to have more orders and earn more.It is impossible to apply the regulation system of the existing labor law to protect the rights and interests of employees in terms of working hours and labor intensity.The author suggests that the state should make special labor legislation to make the following targeted provisions:Online car-hailing platform companies and labor-related third parties that implement labor management and control over practitioners shall,on the premise of abiding by labor standards and industry rules,set various reasonable indicators of working hours and labor intensity through rules and take effective technical measures to control these two dimensions,so that practitioners can avoid serious overwork.Besides,by encouraging the provision of certain convenience for practitioners to take intermittent breaks,jointly building a compatibility system for different online car-hailing platforms,and establishing relevant operating rules,we can restrain practitioners from being seriously overworked.This is actually a multi-cooperative boosting legislative regulation approach.

Regulating carbon work function to boost electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction

Electronic regulation of carbon is essential for developing non-platinum electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions(ORRs).In this work,we used Cs to further regulate the electronic structure of nitrogen-doped(N-doped)carbon.The Cs atoms coordinated with the nitrogen atom in the N-doped carbon for injecting electrons into the carbon conjugate structure and reducing the work function of the carbon network.The low-work-function surface improved electron donation,facilitated O_(2) dissociation,and enhanced the adsorption of an OOH^(*) intermediate.Thus,electrocatalytic performance for the ORR was improved.The material shows potential as an ORR electrocatalyst comparable with Pt/C.

Effect of the Twin Jetties as A Regulating Structure at the Tao-er Estuary

The phase one project of the twin jetties at the Tao-er Estuary yields no effect on the flow, and there is a large area of deposition. A numerical model is employed to simulate the flow field, and the scouring and silting in the channel between the two jetties are analyzed. The results show that the effective tidal flux between the two jetties is reduced due to the notch located at the heel of the east jetty, and the effect of contraction-flush is not obvious. As for the regulation of this kind of estuary under the tide action, the capability of tidal flux should be fully used.

High-performance Si-Containing anode materials in lithium-ion batteries: A superstructure of Si@Co-NC composite works effectively

To mitigate the massive volume expansion of Si-based anode during the charge/discharge cycles,we synthesized a superstructure of Si@Co±NC composite via the carbonization of zeolite imidazolate frameworks incorporated with Si nanoparticles.The Si@Co±NC is comprised of Sinanoparticle core and N-doped/Co-incorporated carbon shell,and there is void space between the core and the shell.When using as anode material for LIBs,Si@Co±NC displayed a super performance with a charge/discharge capacity of 191.6/191.4 mA h g^(-1)and a coulombic efficiency of 100.1%at 1000 mA g^(-1)after 3000 cycles,and the capacity loss rate is 0.022%per cycle only.The excellent electrochemical property of Si@Co±NC is because its electronic conductivity is enhanced by doping the carbon shell with N atoms and by incorporating with Co particles,and the pathway of lithium ions transmission is shortened by the hollow structure and abundant mesopores in the carbon shell.Also,the volume expansion of Si nanoparticles is well accommodated in the void space and suppressed by the carbon host matrix.This work shows that,through designing a superstructure for the anode materials,we can synergistically reduce the work function and introduce the confinement effect,thus significantly enhancing the anode materials’electrochemical performance in LIBs.

Research progress and development direction of low-temperature drilling fluid for Antarctic region

By combing the characteristics of drilling in Antarctic region, performance requirements on drilling fluid for Antarctic low temperature conditions, and research progress of low temperature drilling fluid, current problems of the drilling fluid have been sorted out, and the development direction of the drilling fluid has been pointed out. Drilling in the Antarctic region mainly includes drilling in snow, ice and subglacial rock formations, and drilling in Antarctic low temperature conditions will face problems in four aspects:(1) low temperature and large temperature changes in the drilling area;(2) likely well leakage and drillstring-sticking in the snow layer, creep in the ice layer, ice chip gathering jamming in the warm ice layer, well wall collapse in the subglacial rock formations;(3) lack of infrastructure and difficulty in logistical support;(4) fragile environment and low carrying capacity. After years of development, progresses have been made on low-temperature drilling fluids for the Antarctic region. Low-temperature petroleum-based drilling fluid, ethanol/ethylene glycol-based drilling fluid, ester-based drilling fluid and silicone oil-based drilling fluid have been developed. However, these drilling fluids have problems such as insufficient low-temperature tolerance, low environmental performance and weak wellbore stability, etc. In order to meet the performance requirements of drilling fluid under low-temperature conditions in Antarctic region, the working mechanisms of low-temperature drilling fluid must be examined in depth;environment-friendly low-temperature base fluid of drilling fluid and related additives must be developed to prepare environmentally friendly low temperature drilling fluid systems;multi-functional integrated adjustment method for drilling fluid must be worked out to ensure well wall stability and improve cutting-carry capacity when drilling ice formations and ice-rock interlayers;and on-site support operation codes must be established to provide technical support for Antarctic drilling.

Exploration and development of China's large-scale blast furance

Large-scale BF is the tendency of domestic and foreign Iron-making technology.Due to the limit of resource,technology and equipment,we can not reach the planned goal after putting the big BF into production,it is of great significance to explore the key technologies again for the sound development of the large-scale BF.The paper highlights the unique advantages of large-scale BF and the practical performance of BFs in Baosteel,and explores the related parameter choice,comprehensively matched longevity technology optimization and tapping-stability improvement in terms of structure-design,longevity and equipments etc.The author stresses BF centered basic working regulation,hoping it can exert positive effect on the scientific development of large scale BF in China.

Application of Snapback Chronometry Method in Calculation of Regulation

Work study is an area of construction production rationalization in which with scientific, logical, holistic and system analysis methods of the process we gain optimum in way of work and time of work. Chronometry method is one of the work study methods which is appropriate for recording shorter cyclic processes and is based on statistical sampling theory. Determination of cyclic times and work performances of standard cyclic construction machines （SCCM） is one of key assumptions of dynamic planning of machine work on every construction site. Calculation methods of SCCM work performances arc one of basic research objects in the field of construction organization and technology. Study shows applied chronometry method in work of standard cyclic construction machine. Goal of this study is to accomplish regulation through measured time cycle and compare measured effects with effects obtained with standard methodology of calculating hydraulic excavator practical achievement for gaining regulation in order to determine main reasons which effect work performance on site.

专业社会工作赋能信访问题治理的理论基础与实践路径

引入社会力量参与信访问题治理是做好新时代信访工作的关键举措。专业社会工作凭借其理论基础和实务方法,成为赋能信访矛盾善治的重要结构性主体。本文从价值、理论、方法三个维度研讨专业社会工作赋能信访工作何以可能的理论问题,阐释专业社会工作在开展信访问题源头治理、以专业识别与干预技术赋能、推进信访矛盾全过程治理等方面的特殊治理效能。在此基础上,描摹和展望了专业社会工作赋能信访问题治理的实践路径,包括嵌入基层治理组织体系、入驻乡镇(街道)社会工作站、承接政府发包项目等。实现专业社会工作赋能信访问题治理效能的跃升,还必须注重信访社会工作的职业化与专业化发展,促进行政性社会工作与专业性社会工作的嵌合,加强党建引领并明确信访社工的角色定位,真正将专业社会工作塑造为新时代信访工作转换升级的重要依凭。

新时代高质量推进公安信访工作的思考

公安信访工作体现了公安机关践行初心、履职尽责的重要使命,是公安机关维护公平正义,让人民群众更有获得感、幸福感和安全感的一项重要工作。新时代,公安信访工作必须把高质量发展作为关键词,坚持问题导向、系统观念,把习近平总书记关于新时代新征程做好信访工作的重要指示批示精神与党中央决策部署落到实处,立足“两个经验”,创造性开展公安信访工作,着力打造高素质专业化公安信访工作队伍,推动公安信访工作高质量发展。

《科学技术档案工作条例》的内容回顾与修订建议

论文回顾了《科学技术档案工作条例》主要内容,并结合新时代科技档案事业的发展需要,提出了修订该档案行政法规的几点主要建议。

城市河网工程群多目标联合调度优化模型

城市河网工程群联合调度优化是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及多种闸、泵、堰等水利工程,是多时段、多对象、多约束、多目标非线性优化问题。基于此,提出了面向河网水环境改善目标的水工程群多目标联合调度优化模型,综合运用了“水量水质模型—优化调度模型—优化求解算法—方案优选方法”耦合方式,构建面向河网水环境改善的工程群多目标联合调度优化模型,并采用EMMOPSO算法的优化模型求解、基于AHP-TOPSIS的联合调度方案优选,以实现对河网水工程群联合调度的优化与决策支持,选择了长三角地区某城市河网开展了优化模型关键技术的数值试验与案例分析。结果表明:相较于水工程常规调度方式,本优化模型可以减少河网生态引水量23.9%~28.5%、提升河网水体水质达标度11.8%~90.4%,优化模型能够支撑平原城市河网地区取得显著的防洪除涝、水资源调配、水环境改善等多方面的综合效益。

推进兽医药品立法工作的思考及建议

自《兽药管理条例》(简称《条例》)颁布实施以来,我国兽药行业获得了极大发展。然而,随着社会发展和行业进步,现行《条例》在执行过程中逐渐显现出一些与当前工作形势不相适应的问题。本文中,从兽药研发、生产、经营、使用以及监督管理环节,介绍了《条例》颁布实施以来的成效,详细分析了其实施后出现的权威性不够、适用范围过于宽泛、事权划分不尽合理等7方面问题。基于此,提出了加快对兽药管理工作进行立法,制定《兽医药品法》的建议。通过论述立法的必要性、可行性以及指导思想和基本原则,从明确立法时间安排、工作步骤以及《兽医药品法》的适用范围和需要调整的主要内容等方面,展望了后续立法工作,以期进一步规范兽医药品的生产、经营、使用和监管等工作,促进兽药产品质量提高,保障动物源产品质量安全。

党的职能部门统一归口协调管理的党内法规制度完善

归口协调管理是中国特色社会主义政治制度下,执政党对政府和其他政权组织、社会组织的领导与分类管理相结合的分类治理机制。党的职能部门统一归口协调管理作为党的十八大以来党和国家机构改革的重大制度举措,是发挥好党总揽全局、协调各方领导核心作用的重要内容之一。现行党内法规体系中并未将归口管理列为正式制度单独予以规定,归口管理作为新时代具有创制意义的党政机构改革模式,尚处于发展期和磨合期,仍然需要结合改革实践不断调试、完善与发展。其不仅涉及党的组织对政府组织和其他政权组织、社会组织的多重领导关系和管理关系,更涉及党的组织工作层次的合理划分以及工作机制的分类推进等党和国家机构深化改革中的一些深层次问题,仍需要在理论上和实践中不断探索、逐步完善。现阶段,党的职能部门归口管理虽不具备通过制定专门党内法规进行统一规范的立规条件,但应当以《中国共产党工作机关条例》的修订工作为契机,在明确党的职能部门归口管理制度内涵的基础上,本着规范主体、规范行为的原则,完善归口管理的一般性原则规定,为其制度的体系化完善打好坚实基础。

听觉-言语认知负荷下工作记忆容量对跟车行驶影响

听觉-言语认知负荷作为一种典型的认知负荷,是驾驶人认知分心的主要来源,容易导致驾驶绩效下降,认知负荷对驾驶绩效的影响程度与个体工作记忆有关。为研究听觉-言语认知负荷下工作记忆容量对跟车驾驶绩效的影响,本文开展心理学与模拟驾驶实验。首先,设置不同听觉-言语认知负荷水平的n-back任务,构建车头时距变化和前车速度变化的跟车场景;其次,采集并预处理工作记忆容量、驾驶人操作行为与车辆运行状态数据,选择跟车速度差、绝对加速度、横向稳定性、制动反应时间及跟车间距作为分析指标,获得36名被试数据;最后,采用方差分析及事后比较,分析认知负荷和工作记忆容量在跟车时对驾驶绩效的影响,并探讨两种因素对驾驶绩效的交互和调节作用。研究表明:认知负荷增加导致驾驶人更大的加减速倾向,更长的制动反应时间;工作记忆容量较高的驾驶人具有更小的制动反应时间和更稳定的跟车间距,更频繁的方向修正和更好的车道保持水平;在工作记忆容量和制动反应时间中,听觉-言语认知负荷具有正向调节作用。本文可以为驾驶安全培训干预提供驾驶人认知特性方面的见解和理论参考。

责任共担和认知同构: 信访社会工作的作用机理探索

信访中的供需异位困境折射出公共服务的有限供给和民众多元需求之间的矛盾,根源于公共部门追求秩序和民众争取权益两者之间的张力。然而,现有主流化解思路侧重于改善供给侧或需求侧,着力于改变民众的信访行为,不仅无法化解供需两侧之间的张力,反而使社工机构陷入专业化困境。田野调查显示,社工机构的功能需要被定位于供需两侧之间的张力上,发挥责任共担和认知同构的双重作用,找到信访部门和民众两者的契合点,才能从根本上缓和供需两侧的张力,化解信访困境。本文力图阐释社会组织化解公共服务供给和需求之间矛盾的可行性及作用机理,为探索利用各类社会资源助力健全共建共治共享的社会治理制度、提升社会治理效能提供参考。

社区慢性病共病老年人述情障碍与认知情绪调节策略关系的网络分析

目的:探讨社区慢性病共病老年人述情障碍与认知情绪调节策略网络中的核心节点和桥梁节点。方法:选取社区慢性病共病老年人436名,采用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)和认知情绪调节问卷(CERQ)进行调查。基于R语言进行网络估计、中心性及可预测性测量、准确性及稳定性验证和网络比较,以识别网络中的核心节点和桥梁节点,比较不同性别和居住地的网络结构差异。结果:CERQ灾难化维度是网络中强度最高的节点(strength=1.28),被确定为核心节点。TAS情感识别障碍维度(bridge strength=0.52)的桥梁强度最高,然后是TAS外向型思维维度(bridge strength=0.48)、CERQ自我责难维度(bridge strength=0.41),被确定为桥梁节点。网络比较测试结果显示,不同性别及居住地的慢性病共病老年人述情障碍与认知情绪调节策略网络结构差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但网络内各节点均紧密连接。结论:慢性病共病老年人以灾难化作为主要的认知情绪调节策略,情感识别障碍、外向型思维和自我责难是其述情障碍与认知情绪调节策略连接的主要途径。

护士自我调节疲劳现状及与医院磁性水平的关系研究

目的了解护士自我调节疲劳现状及感知医院磁性水平,探讨医院磁性水平对护士自我调节疲劳的影响,为制定干预措施提供参考。方法2023年5-8月,采用一般资料调查表、医院磁性要素量表、自我调节疲劳量表对西安市2所三级甲等医院的825名临床护士开展调查。结果护士自我调节疲劳总分(48.22±6.62)分,感知医院磁性水平总分(103.44±14.84)分。医院磁性水平与护士自我调节疲劳呈负相关;医院磁性水平、聘用类型、每月收入、夜班频次是护士自我调节疲劳的主要影响因素(均P<0.05),医院磁性水平可解释护士自我调节疲劳16.00%的总变异。结论护士自我调节疲劳及感知医院磁性水平均处于中等水平,医院磁性水平是护士自我调节疲劳的重要影响因素。管理者可以通过改善医院磁性水平以降低护士自我调节疲劳水平。

基于最优动态功率补偿的先进绝热压缩空气储能一次调频控制策略

随着大规模新能源接入电网,新型电力系统“低惯量、弱支撑”特征凸显,电网频率调节资源日益稀缺,系统频率稳定问题愈发严峻。先进绝热压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)具有容量大、寿命长等优势而受到广泛关注,但由于其储能和释能过程涉及气-热动态耦合过程,调频特性较为复杂,调频潜力还有待挖掘。因此,首先建立AA-CAES系统全工况动态仿真模型,进而基于期望频率动态曲线设计AA-CAES系统调频传递函数,优化目标传递函数关键参数,实现AA-CAES最小动态功率补偿下满足系统频率调节需求。最后通过仿真实验,验证了所提控制策略可优化AA-CAES调频容量的同时减小系统的稳态频率偏差与频率超调量,显著改善频率响应特性,为建设电网友好型AA-CAES电站提供技术支撑。