This paper mainly studies the attitude and supervision mode of various countries towards digital tokens.The strength and methods of supervision in various countries are different.There are cross-border transaction tok...This paper mainly studies the attitude and supervision mode of various countries towards digital tokens.The strength and methods of supervision in various countries are different.There are cross-border transaction tokens and other chaotic situations.It is difficult to supervise and protect the interests of investors,which is not conducive to the healthy development of financial economy in various countries.In addition,with the development of globalization,digital tokens are going to the world and need to circulate among countries.Therefore,a recognized regulatory principle is needed to ensure the healthy development of digital finance worldwide.With the goal of single independent law,with the help of“regulatory sandbox”and“white list”,we explore regulatory principles.展开更多
In Arabidopsis thaliana, multiple genes involved in shoot apical meristem （SAM） transitions have been char- acterized, but the mechanisms required for the dynamic attainment of vegetative, inflorescence, and floral ...In Arabidopsis thaliana, multiple genes involved in shoot apical meristem （SAM） transitions have been char- acterized, but the mechanisms required for the dynamic attainment of vegetative, inflorescence, and floral meristem （VM, IM, FM） cell fates during SAM transitions are not well understood. Here we show that a MADS-box gene, XAANTAL2 （XAL2/AGL14）, is necessary and sufficient to induce flowering, and its regula- tion is important in FM maintenance and determinacy, xal2 mutants are late flowering, particularly under short-day （SD） condition, while XAL2 overexpressing plants are early flowering, but their flowers have vege- tative traits. Interestingly, inflorescences of the latter plants have higher expression levels of LFY, AP1, and TFL1 than wild-type plants. In addition we found that XAL2 is able to bind the TFL1 regulatory regions. On the other hand, the basipetal carpels of the 35S：：XAL2 lines lose determinacy and maintain high levels of WUS expression under SD condition. To provide a mechanistic explanation for the complex roles of XAL2 in SAM transitions and the apparently paradoxical phenotypes of XAL2 and other MADS-box （SOCl, AGL24） over- expressors, we conducted dynamic gene regulatory network （GRN） and epigenetic landscape modeling. We uncovered a GRN module that underlies VM, IM, and FM gene configurations and transition patterns in wild- type plants as well as loss and gain of function lines characterized here and previously. Our approach thus provides a novel mechanistic framework for understanding the complex basis of SAM development.展开更多
文摘This paper mainly studies the attitude and supervision mode of various countries towards digital tokens.The strength and methods of supervision in various countries are different.There are cross-border transaction tokens and other chaotic situations.It is difficult to supervise and protect the interests of investors,which is not conducive to the healthy development of financial economy in various countries.In addition,with the development of globalization,digital tokens are going to the world and need to circulate among countries.Therefore,a recognized regulatory principle is needed to ensure the healthy development of digital finance worldwide.With the goal of single independent law,with the help of“regulatory sandbox”and“white list”,we explore regulatory principles.
文摘In Arabidopsis thaliana, multiple genes involved in shoot apical meristem （SAM） transitions have been char- acterized, but the mechanisms required for the dynamic attainment of vegetative, inflorescence, and floral meristem （VM, IM, FM） cell fates during SAM transitions are not well understood. Here we show that a MADS-box gene, XAANTAL2 （XAL2/AGL14）, is necessary and sufficient to induce flowering, and its regula- tion is important in FM maintenance and determinacy, xal2 mutants are late flowering, particularly under short-day （SD） condition, while XAL2 overexpressing plants are early flowering, but their flowers have vege- tative traits. Interestingly, inflorescences of the latter plants have higher expression levels of LFY, AP1, and TFL1 than wild-type plants. In addition we found that XAL2 is able to bind the TFL1 regulatory regions. On the other hand, the basipetal carpels of the 35S：：XAL2 lines lose determinacy and maintain high levels of WUS expression under SD condition. To provide a mechanistic explanation for the complex roles of XAL2 in SAM transitions and the apparently paradoxical phenotypes of XAL2 and other MADS-box （SOCl, AGL24） over- expressors, we conducted dynamic gene regulatory network （GRN） and epigenetic landscape modeling. We uncovered a GRN module that underlies VM, IM, and FM gene configurations and transition patterns in wild- type plants as well as loss and gain of function lines characterized here and previously. Our approach thus provides a novel mechanistic framework for understanding the complex basis of SAM development.
