Mechanisms of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in treating diabetic nephropathy complicated with depression based on network pharmacology

Objective To predict the molecular mechanism of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN)complicated with depression based on network pharmacology.Methods The components of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)were identified from the Integrated Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCMIP),Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),and relevant literature.The component targets were detected by combining the SwissTargetPrediction and Pub Chem databases.Disease targets were collected from the Therapeutic Target Database(TTD),Dis Ge NET,and Ensembl databases with“diabetic nephropathy”and“depression”as keywords.The disease-component targets were mapped using Venny 2.1.0 to obtain potential targets.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins(STRING)database and Cytoscape 3.7.2.The co-expression genes of the key targets were collected based on the COXPRESdb 7.3.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis were performed for potential targets using R language.Target-component docking was verified and evaluated using Discovery Studio 4.5.Results According to the databases and literature reports,Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)contained 65 active components,and had 155 related targets for the treatment of DN complicated with depression.PPI screening showed that the key targets included serine/threonine protein kinase 1(AKT1),signal transducer and activator transcription 3(STAT3),interleukin 6(IL-6),mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA),etc.GO enrichment analysis mainly involved biological processes,such as lipid metabolism,protein secretion regulation,cell homeostasis,and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activity.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis included the role of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complements,insulin resistance(IR),neurotrophin signal path,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,relaxin signaling pathway,epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs),etc.Molecular docking showed that the target had high affinity for stachyose,manninotriose,verbascose,nigerose,etc.Conclusion Based on network parmacology,this study preliminarily predict the effects of Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix)in treating DN complicated with depression by regulating inflammation,glucose metabolism,nution nerve,etc.

Effects of Radix Puerariae, Radix Rehmanniae and Their Compatibility on Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effects of the compatibility of Radix Puerariae and Radix Rehmanniae on blood glucose and blood lipids in diabetic mouses.[Methods]Diabetic mouse model was established.The body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured after 7 and 14 d of administration,and the biochemical indicators of blood lipids(TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C)were detected after 14 d of administration.[Results]Compared with the Radix Puerariae group and Radix Rehmanniae group,the compatibility group(1:2)had the best hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and TC and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly decreased(P<0.05),while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)significantly increased(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Radix Puerariae,Radix Rehmanniae and their combination can reduce the blood glucose of diabetic mice.The compatibility group(1:2)had a significant hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly declined,while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)rose significantly.

The dynamic changes and mechanisms of Rehmanniae radix processing based on Maillard reaction

Background:Traditional Chinese medicines are usually processed before they are used for clinical treatment.This is done in a way associated with the Maillard reaction.Methods:Based on the Maillard reaction,this paper analyzed the degree of processing of rehmannia root(Rehmanniae radix)relative to the dynamic variation rules of Maillard reaction index parameters,including pH,A420,amino acids,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Furthermore,this study introduced thermal analysis techniques and pyrolysis kinetics to assess the influence of the correlation between processing raw rehmannia root and the Maillard reaction during carbonization.It then went through the whole process of transforming the raw material to end-product in order to explain the scientific connotation of processing it.Results:The results showed that each time rehmannia root was processed,its pH value and amino acid content decreased,while the A420 value and 5-HMF increased.Processing with wine shows a significant difference in these experimental indexes.The position and intensity of the maximum thermal weight loss rate peak of processed rehmannia root at different degrees of processing are different.Comprehensive quantitative 221±0.2°C for processed rehmannia root carbonization was the processing temperature limit.Moreover,the kinetic solution verified that the activation energy corresponding to the carbonization temperature was close to the maximum value of the activation energy of the whole carbonization process,and the optimal mechanism function was g(α)=((1−α)−1/3−1)2.Conclusion:The Maillard reaction occurred during the processing of rehmannia root mixed with carbonization.With each increase of the number of steaming and drying cycles involved in the processing,the level of Maillard reaction increased significantly.The wine-steaming method had a significant effect on the quality of the processed product.

Determination of Benzoylaconitine Compounds in the Decoctions of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Heishun Pieces),Trichosanthis Fructus and Their Combination

[Objectives]This study was conducted to determine the contents of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the decoctions of Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination.[Methods]Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination were extracted for different time periods,and then grouped.HPLC was performed using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C 18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)and acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a column temperature of 30℃,and the sample volume was 20μL.The detection wavelength was 230 nm.[Results]The total amounts of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the single decoction group of Heishun pieces were all significantly different from those in the combined decoction group at corresponding time.[Conclusions]The total content of the benzoylaconitine type increased significantly after the combined decoction of Heishun pieces and Fructus Trichosanthis,which proves the scientificity of"eighteen incompatible medicaments,19 counteraction"in traditional Chinese medicine to some extent.

Protective mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba against chemical liver injury based on network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vitro experiments

Objective:To explore and validate the potential targets of Paeoniae Radix Alba(P.Radix,Bai Shao)in protecting against chemical liver injury through network pharmacology,molecular docking technology,and in vitro cell experiments.Methods:Network pharmacology was used to identify the common potential targets of P.Radix and chemical liver injury.Molecular docking was used to fit the components,which were subsequently verified in vitro.A cell model of hepatic fibrosis was established by activating hepatic stellate cell(HSC)-LX2 cells with 10 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1.The cells were exposed to different concentrations of total glucosides of paeony(TGP),the active substance of P.Radix,and then evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 assay,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and western blot.Results:Analysis through network pharmacology revealed 13 key compounds of P.Radix,and the potential targets for preventing chemical liver injury were IL-6,AKT serine/threonine kinase 1,jun protooncogene,heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90AA1),peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(PPARG),PTGS2,and CASP3.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of response to drugs,membrane rafts,and peptide binding.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis revealed that the main pathways involved lipid and atherosclerosis and chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation.Paeoniflorin and albiflorin exhibited strong affinity for HSP90AA1,PTGS2,PPARG,and CASP3.Different concentrations of TGP can inhibit the expression of COL-I,COL-III,IL-6,TNF-a,IL-1β,HSP-90a,and PTGS2 while increasing the expression of PPAR-γand CASP3 in activated HSC-LX2 cells.Conclusion:P.Radix primarily can regulate targets such as HSP90AA1,PTGS2,PPARG,CASP3.TGP,the main active compound of P.Radix,protects against chemical liver injury by reducing the inflammatory response,activating apoptotic proteins,and promoting the apoptosis of activated HSCs.

制何首乌的炮制工艺、化学成分和药理活性研究进展

制何首乌是何首乌Polygonum multiforum Thunb.的炮制加工品,主要成分包括二苯乙烯苷类、蒽醌类、黄酮类、生物碱类、酚酸类等,具有抗氧化、补血、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗炎等药理作用,临床上使用广泛。炮制工艺主要为黑豆汁炖制、蒸制、九蒸九制和炆制,炮制后颜色加深,成分含量也会发生变化。通过查阅国内外文献,发现对制何首乌的研究相较于何首乌而言不够全面,因此对近20年来报道的制何首乌炮制工艺、化学成分、药理活性的研究进行系统综述,为进一步开发制何首乌提供参考。

Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata aqueous extract improves hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by restoring intracellular iron homeostasis

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury(HIRI)is a common pathophysiological condition occurring during or after liver resection and transplantation,leading to hepatic viability impairment and functional deterioration.Recently,ferroptosis,a newly recognized form of programmed cell death,has been implicated in IRI.Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata(RRP),extensively used in Chinese herbal medicine for its hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant properties,presents a potential therapeutic approach.However,the mechanisms by which RRP mitigates HIRI,particularly through the regulation of ferroptosis,remain unclear.In this study,we developed a HIRI mouse model and monocrotaline(MCT)-and erastin-induced in vitro hepatocyte injury models.We conducted whole-genome transcriptome analysis to elucidate the protective effects and mechanisms of RRP on HIRI.The RRP aqueous extract was characterized by the presence of acteoside,rehmannioside D,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Our results demonstrate that the RRP aqueous extract ameliorated oxidative stress,reduced intracellular iron accumulation,and attenuated HIRI-induced liver damage.Additionally,RRP significantly inhibited hepatocyte death by restoring intracellular iron homeostasis both in vivo and in vitro.Mechanistically,the RRP aqueous extract reduced intrahepatocellular iron accumulation by inhibiting ZIP14-mediated iron uptake,promoting hepcidin-and ferroportin-mediated iron efflux,and ameliorating mitochondrial iron aggregation through upregulation of Cisd1 expression.Moreover,siRNA-mediated inhibition of hamp synergistically enhanced the RRP aqueous extract's inhibitory effect on ferroptosis.In conclusion,our study elucidates the mechanisms by which RRP aqueous extracts alleviate HIRI,highlighting the restoration of iron metabolic balance.These findings position RRP as a promising candidate for clinical intervention in HIRI treatment.

Deciphering the potential mechanism of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata for treating cancer-related anemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology

Background:Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata(RRP,Shu Dihuang in Cinese)is a traditional Chinese herb with multiple pharmacological effects and is commonly used to treat blood deficiency syndrome,such as cancer-related anemia(CRA),alone or in combination with other herbs.However,its main active ingredients and mechanisms of action in treating CRA remain unknown.This study aims to elucidate RRP’s potential mechanism and main active components in treating CRA by using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology system.Methods:The main components of RRP were obtained by the TCMSP database and literature search,and active components and potential targets were obtained by the SwissADME and SwissTargetPridiction databases.CRA targets were collected through GeneCards,DisGeNET,and DrugBank databases.Protein-protein interaction networks of potential targets were constructed via STRING 11.5 and analyzed visually with Cytoscape 3.9.1.The Metascape platform was used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,which were subsequently visualized with Cytoscape 3.9.1 or SangerBox platform.Moreover,Autodock Vina was used for the molecular docking of potential targets and main active ingredients that were visualized with PyMOL software.Results:In this study,31 main active ingredients of PPR were screened,and 155 related targets related to CRA were unearthed.Protein-protein interaction results showed that PPR’s core proteins for CRA intervention correlate to STAT3,SRC,MAPK3,MAPK1,PIK3R1,PIK3CA,and AKT.Multiple signaling pathways were closely related to the treatment of CRA intervened by PPR,including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway,TNF-αsignaling,cytokine signaling pathway and NF-kappB signaling pathway,which are closely involved in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cell and inflammatory response.Molecular docking results showed that these potential targets had good conformation with the core active components of RRP for treating CRA.Conclusion:This study revealed RRP’s main active components and potential molecular mechanisms in treating CRA,providing a reference for subsequent basic research.

川乌和制川乌中单酯及双酯型生物碱成分的含量测定

目的:建立川乌和制川乌中单酯及双酯型生物碱成分的高效液相色谱含量测定方法。方法:采用DiamonsilTM C18 5μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm色谱柱,流动相A[乙腈-四氢呋喃(25:15)]-流动相B[0.1 mol·L-1醋酸铵(1000 mL含冰醋酸 0.5 mL)]梯度洗脱,流速:0.8 mL·min-1,检测波长:235 nm。结果:乌头碱、次乌头碱、新乌头碱、苯甲酰新乌头碱和苯甲酰次乌头碱分离良好,各成分浓度与HPLC峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性范围分别是:乌头碱0.01-0.36(r=0.9996),0.32 -5.16μg(r=0.9999);次乌头碱0.01-1.06(r=0.9999),0.05-1.32 μg(r=0.9999),1.29-20.60μg(r=0.9999);新乌头碱0.22-3.59μg(r=0.9999);苯甲酰新乌头碱0.02-0.10(r=0.9997),0.13-2.04μg(r=0.9998);苯甲酰次乌头碱 0.02-0.12(r=0.9996),0.15-2.41μg(r=0.9999)。平均回收率分别为105.0%(RSD=4.4%),104.9%(RSD=1.8%), 100.4%(RSD=3.0%);107.6%(RSD=3.3%),104.2%(RSD=1.5%),102.9%(RSD=1.9%);112.2%(RSD=3.2%), 106.3%(RSD=1.5%),103.5%(RSD=2.3%);104.1%(RSD=2.2%);100.8%(RSD=2.9%)。结论:建立的HPLC法专属,准确,耐用性良好。采用本法测定了23批不同产地及不同炮制方法得到的川乌和制川乌药材中新乌头碱、次乌头碱、乌头碱、苯甲酰新乌头碱和苯甲酰次乌头碱的含量,为川乌及饮片质量标准的建立提供了依据。

龙胆斑枯病有效调控及其与药材产量和质量的相关性研究

龙胆斑枯病是龙胆栽培过程中的主要病害。本文通过田间试验及实验室研究,探讨了龙胆斑枯病的发病规律及病害对产量和质量的影响,并从农业措施、土壤与种苗处理、化学农药防治和中药防治等角度提出了有效防治措施。研究表明:黑龙江龙胆斑枯病的病原菌为Septoria mi- crospora speg．和Septoria gentianae Thum．;农学措施防治研究表明优质健壮种苗、较高的栽培密度、与高杆作物间作可有效缓解龙胆斑枯病;就有效成分而言,獐牙菜苦苷含量与病情之间无明显规律性,但龙胆苦苷含量随病情指数增加而呈现下降趋势;植物新农药防治龙胆斑枯病药效试验表明,9种中药乙醇提取物对龙胆斑枯病病菌(Septoria microspora Speg．)均有不同程度的抑制作用。

Puerariae Radix protects against ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a common inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has long been used in Asia as a treatment for UC and Puerariae Radix(PR)is a reliable anti-diarrheal therapy.The aims of this study were to investigate the protective effect of PR using the dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)-induced UC model in mice and identify molecular mechanisms of PR action.The chemical constituents of PR via ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and identified potential PR and UC targets using a network pharmacology(NP)approach were obtained to guide mouse experiments.A total of 180 peaks were identified from PR including 48 flavonoids,46 organic acids,14 amino acids,8 phenols,8 carbohydrates,7 alkaloids,6 coumarins and 43 other constituents.NP results showed that caspase-1 was the most dysregulated of the core genes associated with UC.A PR dose of 0.136 mg/g administered to DSS treated mice reversed weight loss and decreased colon lengths found in UC mice.PR also alleviated intestinal mucosal shedding,inflammatory cell infiltration and mucin loss.PR treatment suppressed upregulation of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases-1(caspase-1),apoptosis-associated speck-like(ASC)and gasdermin D(GSDMD)at both the protein and m RNA expression levels.The addition of a small molecule dual-specificity phosphatase inhibitor NSC 95397 inhibited the positive effects of PR.These results indicated that PR exerts a protective effect on DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice.

Multi-layered effects of Codonopsis Radix on the immune system

Recent research has highlighted the potential of Codonopsis Radix to modulate the immune system,making it a promising candidate for treating chronic inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases,tumors,and aging.However,because of the complex immune activities of its various components,a comprehensive understanding of Codonopsis Radix immune-regulating properties is still lacking.This knowledge gap hinders its widespread utilization in clinical practice.Therefore,this review aimed to assess the impact of Codonopsis Radix on the immune system and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Additionally,we compared the immunomodulatory effects of different active ingredients derived from Codonopsis Radix to provide a theoretical basis for future investigations on immunomodulation.

国医大师禤国维治疗儿童特应性皮炎用药规律的挖掘

【目的】采用数据挖掘技术挖掘国医大师禤国维教授治疗儿童特应性皮炎的组方用药规律。【方法】收集禤国维教授门诊治疗儿童特应性皮炎的有效病例的病案资料,采用频数统计、关联规则分析、聚类分析等方法对录入的病案数据进行统计分析。【结果】共收录处方242首,涉及中药101味。常用药物为23味,高频药物(频数>100次)共16味,分别为甘草、防风、北沙参、紫苏叶、麦冬、徐长卿、布渣叶、白鲜皮、玄参、薏苡仁、蝉蜕、百合、生地黄、地肤子、茯神、芡实。药物的性味归经分析显示,药物大多偏甘寒,主要归脾、胃、肝经。关联规则分析得到常用药物组合24个,关联规则20条。聚类分析得到2个核心药物组合。【结论】禤国维治疗儿童特应性皮炎以“清、补、和”三法为主,“扶正御邪,平调阴阳”的用药原则贯穿治疗始终。

Antidepressant effects of Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix) extract on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in rats: modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway

Objective To investigate the antidepressant effects of Yuanzhi(Polygalae Radix;PR)aqueous extract on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression rat models and the underlying mechanisms.Methods A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into control;model;low dose of PR(PR-L;0.5 g/kg);high dose of PR(PR-H;1 g/kg);and fluoxetine(10 mg/kg)groups;with 8 rats in each group.Except for the rats in control group;those in the other four groups underwent CUMS-induced depression modeling.PR and fluoxetine were administered intragastrically once daily;30 min prior to the CUMS procedure;for 14 consecu-tive days until the behavioral tests were performed.After CUMS modeling;the sucrose prefer-ence test(SPT);open field test(OFT);novelty-suppressed feeding test(NSFT);forced swim test(FST);and tail suspension test(TST)were employed to assess the pharmacological ef-fects of PR on the mitigation of depressive-like behaviors in rat models.Additionally;the en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was utilized to quantify the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α;interleukin(IL)-6;and IL-1βin the rats.Western blot analysis was al-so conducted to evaluate the protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB);in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS);cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2);nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3);apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain(ASC);and caspase-1 in the hippocampal tissues of the rats.Immunofluorescence staining was per-formed to observe the morphological changes in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 positive(Iba-1+)cells in the dentate gyrus(DG)of rats with CUMS-induced depression.Results(i)Treatment with PR-H and fluoxetine resulted in significant enhancements in both the total distance and time the rats moved during tests(P<0.01 and P<0.05;respectively).Post-administration of PR-H and fluoxetine also led to statistically significant increase in su-crose preference among rats(P<0.05).Besides;PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine treatment markedly decreased the latency of ingestion(P<0.05;P<0.05;and P<0.01;respectively).As observed from the FST;PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine presented antidepressant effects on rats with CUMS-induced depression;leading to the reduction in time of their immobility(P<0.05;P<0.01;and P<0.01;respectively).The results of TST indicated reduced immobility time in rats receiving PR-H and fluoxetine treatment as well(P<0.01).(ii)Rats in model group showed an increase in the levels of Iba-1+microglia in their left and right brains in compari-son with control group(P<0.01).However;such increase was negated post PR treatment(P<0.01).Treatment with PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine considerably reduced the levels of inflam-matory factors(TNF-α;IL-1β;and IL-6;P<0.01).In addition;treatment of PR-L and PR-H ef-fectively counteracted the elevated levels of NLRP3;ASC;and caspase-1;and markedly down-regulated the expression levels of phosphorylated p65(p-p65);COX-2;and iNOS in rats’hip-pocampus(P<0.01).Conclusion Collectively;these findings indicate that PR exerts an antidepressant effect on rats with CUMS-induced depression partially through the modulation of the NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Potential application of Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma-Rhubarb for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology and cell culture experimental verification

BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus,and the existing treatments cannot meet the needs of today's patients.Traditional Chinese medicine has been validated for its efficacy in DKD after many years of clinical application.However,the specific mechanism by which it works is still unclear.Elucidating the molecular mechanism of the Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma-rhubarb drug pair(NRDP)for the treatment of DKD will provide a new way of thinking for the research and development of new drugs.AIM To investigate the mechanism of the NRDP in DKD by network pharmacology combined with molecular docking,and then verify the initial findings by in vitro experiments.METHODS The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP)database was used to screen active ingredient targets of NRDP.Targets for DKD were obtained based on the Genecards,OMIM,and TTD databases.The VENNY 2.1 database was used to obtain DKD and NRDP intersection targets and their Venn diagram,and Cytoscape 3.9.0 was used to build a"drug-component-target-disease"network.The String database was used to construct protein interaction networks.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology analysis were performed based on the DAVID database.After selecting the targets and the active ingredients,Autodock software was used to perform molecular docking.In experimental validation using renal tubular epithelial cells(TCMK-1),we used the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay to detect the effect of NRDP on cell viability,with glucose solution used to mimic a hyperglycemic environment.Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle progression and apoptosis.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of STAT3,p-STAT3,BAX,BCL-2,Caspase9,and Caspase3.RESULTS A total of 10 active ingredients and 85 targets with 111 disease-related signaling pathways were obtained for NRDP.Enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways was performed to determine advanced glycation end products(AGEs)-receptor for AGEs(RAGE)signaling as the core pathway.Molecular docking showed good binding between each active ingredient and its core targets.In vitro experiments showed that NRDP inhibited the viability of TCMK-1 cells,blocked cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase,and reduced apoptosis in a concentrationdependent manner.Based on the results of Western blot analysis,NRDP differentially downregulated p-STAT3,BAX,Caspase3,and Caspase9 protein levels(P<0.01 or P<0.05).In addition,BAX/BCL-2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratios were reduced,while BCL-2 and STAT3 protein expression was upregulated(P<0.01).CONCLUSION NRDP may upregulate BCL-2 and STAT3 protein expression,and downregulate BAX,Caspase3,and Caspase9 protein expression,thus activating the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,inhibiting the vitality of TCMK-1 cells,reducing their apoptosis.and arresting them in the G0/G1 phase to protect them from damage by high glucose.

中医药治疗失眠研究简况

失眠不是一个单纯简单疾病,单纯控制症状,即使指标改善,也难以达到治疗目的。中药治疗:虚证,扶阳抑阴、运转枢机-乌菟汤、十味温胆汤、归脾汤;火扰心神-大补阴丸、二阴煎、龙胆泻肝汤、丹栀逍遥散、黄连温胆汤、六味地黄丸;痰浊上犯,阻遏心窍,扰动心神-温胆肠加枣仁;瘀阻脉络,心失所养,失眠胶着难愈-血府逐瘀汤、逐瘀安神汤;失眠与情志变化最为相关,情志抑郁-逍遥散、柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤。辅助疗法有针灸、耳针、耳穴压豆、埋线、推拿按摩等。中医药治疗可规避西药缺点,经验总结多,创新治疗方式及手段、新理念少。国外针灸、耳针研究多单纯、片面、表浅及固化,缺乏辨证论治理念。针灸及相关辅助疗法无毒副作用,更适用原发性失眠及顽固性失眠;耳针效果微弱,穴位埋线效果及持效程度优于体针。临床离不开辨证论治,应重调理轻指标,重治本轻治标;治疗原发疾病,辅以抗失眠类中药调理效果更佳;针药结合为未来主攻方向,既有利于原发疾病治疗,又可规避药物毒副作用,减轻耐受性、依赖性及反跳现象。

登革热中医证治规律的数据挖掘

【目的】采用R语言数据可视化技术挖掘登革热的中医证治规律,为登革热的中医辨治用药提供参考。【方法】检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、维普中文期刊服务平台(VIP)中收录的中医药治疗登革热的相关文献,运用R Studio对中药内服方涉及的登革热中医证型、治法、方剂、中药进行描述性统计分析,基于Apriori算法进行关联规则挖掘、聚类分析,以探讨登革热的中医证治规律。【结果】共提取得到176条有效处方数据,涉及29个证型,73种中医治法,56首经方与时方及35首自拟方,179味中药。其中卫气同病证、气营两燔证是中药内服方治疗登革热的高频证型;清热、解毒、凉血、化湿为高频治法;清瘟败毒饮为高频运用方剂;甘草、连翘、黄芩、石膏、金银花等为高频用药;含赤芍、牡丹皮、生地黄的药物组合共有3项,且其相关性最高。水牛角、牡丹皮、赤芍、生地黄、金银花、连翘、石膏、黄芩、知母、甘草是治疗登革热的核心中药。【结论】登革热中医证型分布以卫气同病证、气营两燔证为多,中医治疗登革热以清气分之热邪、凉营血之实热,兼化湿邪、养气阴为原则,治疗重在气血两清,同时重视化瘀在热病中的运用,见势及时阻断疾病进展。

Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and bioactive components of Radix Hedysari on increasing the peak bone mass of rat

The traditional Chinese medicine of Radix Hedysari plays an important role in invigorating gas for ascending, benefiting blood for promoting production of fluid, and promoting circulation for removing obstruction in collaterals, which is consistent with the principle of treatment for osteoporosis. This study is designed to investigate the bioactive components on increasing peak bone mass (PBM) by exploring the spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and effect. Multiple indicators are selected to evaluate the pharmacological activity. In fingerprints, 21 common peaks are obtained, five of which are identified. Furthermore, gray relational analysis (GRA) is a quantitative method of gray system theory and is used to describe the correlation degree of common peaks and pharmacological activities with relational value. 21 components are then divided into three different regions, of which ononin and calycosin play an extremely significant role in increasing PBM. In addition, factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) are used to screen the optimal producing area for Radix Hedysari. This provides a comprehensive and efficient method to improve the quality evaluation of Radix Hedysari, confirming the bioactive components for PBM-enhancement and further develop its medicinal value.

铁死亡与骨质疏松症及中医药通过铁死亡机制防治骨质疏松症的研究进展

铁死亡是一种不同于细胞凋亡、细胞坏死的新型细胞程序性死亡方式,其机制涉及铁代谢异常所致的铁超载及脂质过氧化和活性氧生成。铁死亡与原发性骨质疏松症及继发性骨质疏松症如类固醇诱导的骨质疏松症、糖尿病性骨质疏松症和绝经后骨质疏松症的形成有关。通过铁死亡机制防治骨质疏松症的中药主要涉及中药复方如杜仲-续断药对、金天格胶囊、补骨生髓方等,以及单味中药如牛膝及中药有效成分如淫羊藿苷、天麻素、槲皮素、青蒿琥酯等。中药单体以及中药复方防治骨质疏松症可通过多靶点、多通路抑制铁死亡,目前中药在防治绝经后骨质疏松症方面较有优势。通过调节铁死亡机制而防治骨质疏松症可为未来中药防治骨质疏松症的研究提供方向。

中药治疗幽门螺旋杆菌感染的研究进展

幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)是一种革兰氏阴性菌,主要定植于胃和十二指肠,可引起胃炎、消化性溃疡和胃癌等疾病。Hp相关的胃癌是人类最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,是全球癌症相关死亡的第四大原因,严重威胁着人类的健康,因此Hp的根除显得尤为重要。但随着抗生素的滥用,该菌的耐药性也大大提升,以往的研究方案逐渐显露出弊端,而中药治疗具有复发率低、不良反应少、不易产生耐药性等独特优势。充分发挥中药优势,不断研究新的治疗方案对Hp的根除具有重大意义。该文主要对Hp的病理机制和治疗进展、中药治疗进行综述。