Relationship between the Local Vibration Mode Characteristics and the Charge State of Carbon Acceptor in GaAs

The local vibration mode(LVM)of carbon acceptor in GaAs is studied by measuring directly the change in LVM absorption with a NIC-170 SX FT-IR spectrometer.The change in the charge state of carbon acceptor and the temperature dependence of the LVM absorption were investigated also.The contents of the impurities other than carbon were estimated by secondary ion mass spectrometry.It is observed that the frequency,the spectral form and the integrated absorption of the LVM are not affected by the change in charge state of car- bon acceptor.

Activation of silicon quantum dots and coupling between the active centre and the defect state of the photonic crystal in a nanolaser

A new nanolaser concept using silicon quantum dots （QDs） is proposed. The conduction band opened by the quantum confinement effect gives the pumping levels. Localized states in the gap due to some surface bonds on Si QDs can be formed for the activation of emission. An inversion of population can be generated between the localized states and the valence band in a QD fabricated by using a nanosecond pulse laser. Coupling between the active centres formed by localized states and the defect states of the two-dimensional （2D） photonic crystal can be used to select the model in the nanolaser.

A Note on the Relationship Between Temperature and Water Vapor over Oceans, Including Sea Surface Temperature Effects

An ideal and simple formulation is successfully derived that well represents a quasi-linear relationship found between the domain-averaged water vapor, Q （ram）, and temperature, T （K）, fields for the three tropical oceans （i.e., the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans） based on eleven GEOS-3 [Goddard Earth Observing System （EOS） Version-3] global re-analysis monthly products. A Q - T distribution analysis is also performed for the tropical and extra-tropical regions based on in-situ sounding data and numerical simulations [GEOS-3 and the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble （GCE） model]. A similar positively correlated Q - T distribution is found over the entire oceanic and tropical regions; however, Q increases faster with T for the former region. It is suspected that the tropical oceans may possess a moister boundary layer than the Tropics. The oceanic regime falls within the lower bound of the tropical regime embedded in a global, curvilinear Q - T relationship. A positive correlation is also found between T and sea surface temperature （SST）; however, for one degree of increase in T, SST is found to increase 1.1 degrees for a warmer ocean, which is slightly less than an increase of 1.25 degrees for a colder ocean. This seemingly indicates that more （less） heat is needed for an open ocean to maintain an air mass above it with a same degree of temperature rise during a colder （warmer） season [or in a colder （warmer） region]. Q and SST are also found to be positively correlated. Relative humidity （RH） exhibits similar behaviors for oceanic and tropical regions. RH increases with increasing SST and T over oceans, while it increases with increasing T in the Tropics. RH, however, decreases with increasing temperature in the extratropics. It is suspected that the tropical and oceanic regions may possess a moister local boundary layer than the extratropics so that a faster moisture increase than a saturated moisture increase is favored for the former regions. T, Q, saturated water vapor, RH, and SST are also examined with regard to the warm and cold ＂seasons＂ over individual oceans. The Indian Ocean warm season dominates in each of the five quantities, while the Atlantic Ocean cold season has the lowest values in most categories. The higher values for the Indian Ocean may be due to its relatively high percentage of tropical coverage compared to the other two oceans. However, Q is found to increase faster for colder months from individual oceans, which differs from the general finding in the global Q - T relationship that Q increases slower for a colder climate. The modified relationship may be attributed to a possible seasonal （warm and cold） variability in boundary layer depth over oceans, or to the small sample size used in each individual oceanic group.

Insight into the Relationship Between Local Coordination of Isolated Pt Atoms and Chemical Reactivity

The supported isolated Pt atoms(Pt iso)and other rare metals have attracted intensive concern due to their maximized metal utilization efficiency,unique reactivity or selectivity,connection to organometallic catalysis and the potential for making well-defined active sites[1-3].As catalytic active sites,oxide-supported isolated Pt-group metal atoms are well known for their unique reactivity and efficient metal utilization[4-6].Even continuous efforts have been made,it is still challenging to characterize the intrinsic ca-talytic activity of these dispersed active sites on oxide supports at a level that relates local electronic and geometric structure to function,because of their atomic dispersion,heterogeneity in the local coordination,dynamic changes in local coordination under reactive environments and low loading of metal[7-9].

THE RELATION BETWEEN CHRONIC HBsAg CARRIER STATE AND GENETIC FACTOR

HBsAg positive families including 375 indiduals were investigated in genetic epidemiology.The results showed the HBsAg carrier rate of the blood relatives was significantly higherthan that of the non-blood relatives(P<0.01).The HBsAg carrier rate decreased with the degreeof relatives,that is,the HBsAg carrier rate of the lst degree relatives was higher than that of the 2nddegree relatives and the HBsAg carrier rate or the 2nd degree relatives wus higher than that of the3rd degree relatives(P<0.01).The HBsAg carrier rate of the individuals living together with theprobands was higher than that of those living apart (P<0.01).But the other two marker of HBVinfectivity,anti-HBs and anti-HBc didn't show significant difference mentioned above.The resultsanalysed by means of Logistic Regression model showed blood relationship played an important rolein HBsAg carrier state.In addition,the history of common environment was associated with HBsAgcarrier state.The average of heritability in the 1st,2nd,3rd degree relatives was 88.80%.Analysis.of genetic model showed HBsAg carrier saute corresponded to the ckaracteristic of multifactorial genetic disease,excluding the possibility of single gene genetic disease.

Observation of flat-band localized state in a one-dimensional diamond momentum lattice of ultracold atoms

We investigated the one-dimensional diamond ladder in the momentum lattice platform. By inducing multiple twoand four-photon Bragg scatterings among specific momentum states, we achieved a flat band system based on the diamond model, precisely controlling the coupling strength and phase between individual lattice sites. Utilizing two lattice sites couplings, we generated a compact localized state associated with the flat band, which remained localized throughout the entire time evolution. We successfully realized the continuous shift of flat bands by adjusting the corresponding nearest neighbor hopping strength, enabling us to observe the complete localization process. This opens avenues for further exploration of more complex properties within flat-band systems, including investigating the robustness of flat-band localized states in disordered flat-band systems and exploring many-body localization in interacting flat-band systems.

The Structure of Essential Spectra and Discrete Spectrum of Three-Electron Systems in the Impurity Hubbard Model—Quartet State

We consider a three-electron system in the Impurity Hubbard model with a coupling between nearest-neighbors. Our research aim consists of studying the structure of essential spectrum and discrete spectra of the energy operator of three-electron systems in the impurity Hubbard model in the quartet state of the system in a v-dimensional lattice. We have reduced the study of the spectrum of the three-electron quartet state operator in the impurity Hubbard model to the study of the spectrum of a simpler operator. We proved the essential spectra of the three-electron systems in the Impurity Hubbard model in the quartet state is the union of no more than six segments, and the discrete spectrum of the system is consists of no more than four eigenvalues.

Quantization of Action for Elementary Particles and the Principle of Least Action

The uncertainty principle is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics, but its exact mathematical expression cannot obtain correct results when used to solve theoretical problems such as the energy levels of hydrogen atoms, one-dimensional deep potential wells, one-dimensional harmonic oscillators, and double-slit experiments. Even after approximate treatment, the results obtained are not completely consistent with those obtained by solving Schrödinger’s equation. This indicates that further research on the uncertainty principle is necessary. Therefore, using the de Broglie matter wave hypothesis, we quantize the action of an elementary particle in natural coordinates and obtain the quantization condition and a new deterministic relation. Using this quantization condition, we obtain the energy level formulas of an elementary particle in different conditions in a classical way that is completely consistent with the results obtained by solving Schrödinger’s equation. A new physical interpretation is given for the particle eigenfunction independence of probability for an elementary particle: an elementary particle is in a particle state at the space-time point where the action is quantized, and in a wave state in the rest of the space-time region. The space-time points of particle nature and the wave regions of particle motion constitute the continuous trajectory of particle motion. When an elementary particle is in a particle state, it is localized, whereas in the wave state region, it is nonlocalized.

Localized states of flattened quantum elliptic rings and their optical properties

A flattened elliptic ring containing an electron is studied. The emphasis is placed on clarifying the effect of the flattening. The localized states are classified into four types according to their inherent nodes. When the ring becomes more flattened, the total probability of dipole absorption of each state is found to be reduced. Furthermore, each spectral line of absorption is found to shift towards red and may split into a few lines, and these lines as a whole become more diffusive.

Local Perception on the Exploitation, the Current State and Taboos Related to Pangolins (Pholidota, Mammalia) by the Communities Living in the Tayna Nature Reserve and Its Surroundings (RNT) North Kivu DRC

Pangolins are currently considered the most endangered mammal species due to their high rank in local and international traffic. This species is protected in DRC and worldwide, unfortunately it is threatened by numerous human actions. The objective of this study is to identify the different reasons for which these animals are exploited, to provide information to determine from the opinions of the respondents the current state of the population from 2015 to today and to identify their hunting techniques by the local populations. We carried out surveys in the households of hunters, farmers and people practicing other professions in 12 villages, located within the RNT and surroundings areas. Two interview techniques were used: the individual interview and the participatory diagnostic technique. 175 people were interviewed individually. Nearly 97% of our respondents are motivated to consume pangolin as bush meat obtaining by hunting. The main reason for eating pangolin meat is 44% preference and 33% habit. The zone does not know the foreign solicitation of the exploitation of pangolins and its derivatives. The opinions of the population regarding the current state of pangolin in the Tayna Nature Reserve indicate that from 2015 to the present day the common pangolin “Manis tricuspis” has been abundant. Hunters use different hunting techniques, dominated by pickup for the Manis tricuspis, digging burrow, fire at the entrance of the burrow for Manis gigantea and the shotgun for the Manis tetradactyla.

弯曲时空下的Aubry-André-Harper动量态链

Anderson局域化是凝聚态物理中一个影响深远的现象,它代表了由无序引发的本征态的根本性转变.本文提出了一个基于超冷原子动量态晶格系统的实验方案,用以实现弯曲时空下的Aubry-André-Harper(AAH)模型,并研究其中的Anderson局域化.得益于每对相邻动量态之间耦合的单独可操控性,动量态晶格中的耦合强度可以被编辑成幂律位置依赖的形式J_(n)∝n^(σ),从而能够有效模拟弯曲时空.动量态晶格中波包演化的数值计算结果表现出初始格点依赖的局域化性质,符合理论预测的相分离现象.通过分析波包演化动力学数据,可以观测到相分离临界格点的移动.同时,本文还提出了通过调制时空弯曲参数σ来制备本征态的方案,并在动量态晶格中进行了数值仿真.最后,在不同准周期调制相位下制备能谱中所有本征态,分析了本征态的局域化性质,验证了在能谱中共存的局域相、延展相和摇摆相.本文为在实验中研究弯曲时空下的Anderson局域化物理提供了新的可行途径.

QSAR Study of the Action Strength of DOM of Phenyl-isopropyl-amine Dopes Using MLR and BP-ANN

Based on Hall et al. electrotopological state indices（EK） of atom types, two quantitative structure-activity relationship（QSAR） models were developed to estimate and predict the action strength（W） of D（OM）（dimethoxy-methyl-amphetamine） for 18 phenyl-isopropyl-amine dopes（PPAD） through linear method（multiple linear regression, MLR） and non-linear method（Back propagation artificial neural network, BP-ANN）. On the basis of EK, the optimal three-parameter（E14, E9, E7） QSAR model of W for 18 PPAD was constructed. The traditional correlation coefficient（R^2） and cross-validation correlation coefficient（Rcv^2） are 0.878 and 0.815, respectively. The result demonstrates that the model is highly reliable（from the point of view of statistics） and has good predictive ability by using R^2, Rcv^2, VIF, FIT, AIC and F tests. Form the three parameters of the model, it is known that the dominant influence factors of inhibited activity are the molecular structure fragments： =CH–（secondary carbon）, =C〈（tertiary carbon atom） in aromatic ring and –O–（phenol ether bond）. The results showed that the structure parameters E14, E9 and E7 have good rationality and efficiency for the W of phenyl-isopropyl-amine dope（PPAD） analogues. A BP-ANN with 3-3-1 architecture was generated by using three electrotopological state index descriptors（E14, E9, E7） appearing in the MLR model, the above descriptors were inputs and its output was action strength（W）. The nonlinear BP-ANN model has better predictive ability compared to the linear MLR model with R^2 and Rcv^2 of leave-one-out（LOO） to be 0.995 and 0.994, respectively. The regression method gave support to the neural network with physical explanation, which offers a more accurate model for QSAR. Those models can be used in the rational design of higher stimulating extent PPAD, which provide meaningful reference information to improve the detection methods of PPAD.

Localization Algorithm of Indoor Wi-Fi Access Points Based on Signal Strength Relative Relationship and Region Division

Precise localization techniques for indoor Wi-Fi access points(APs)have important application in the security inspection.However,due to the interference of environment factors such as multipath propagation and NLOS(Non-Line-of-Sight),the existing methods for localization indoor Wi-Fi access points based on RSS ranging tend to have lower accuracy as the RSS(Received Signal Strength)is difficult to accurately measure.Therefore,the localization algorithm of indoor Wi-Fi access points based on the signal strength relative relationship and region division is proposed in this paper.The algorithm hierarchically divide the room where the target Wi-Fi AP is located,on the region division line,a modified signal collection device is used to measure RSS in two directions of each reference point.All RSS values are compared and the region where the RSS value has the relative largest signal strength is located as next candidate region.The location coordinate of the target Wi-Fi AP is obtained when the localization region of the target Wi-Fi AP is successively approximated until the candidate region is smaller than the accuracy threshold.There are 360 experiments carried out in this paper with 8 types of Wi-Fi APs including fixed APs and portable APs.The experimental results show that the average localization error of the proposed localization algorithm is 0.30 meters,and the minimum localization error is 0.16 meters,which is significantly higher than the localization accuracy of the existing typical indoor Wi-Fi access point localization methods.

Classical Communication and Entanglement Cost in Preparing a Class of Multi-qubit States

Recently, several similar protocols [J. Opt. B 4 （2002） 380; Phys. Lett. A 316 （2003） 159; Phys. Lett. A 355 （2006） 285; Phys. Lett. A 336 （2005） 317] for remotely preparing a class of multi-qubit states （i.e, α[0...0〉 ＋β[1... 1〉） were proposed, respectively. In this paper, by applying the controlled-not （CNOT） gate, a new simple protocol is proposed for remotely preparing such class of states. Compared to the previous protocols, both classical communication cost and required quantum entanglement in our protocol are remarkably reduced. Moreover, the difficulty of identifying some quantum states in our protocol is also degraded. Hence our protocol is more economical and feasible.

Rapid State Augmentation for Compressed EKF-Based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

A new method for speeding up the state augment operations involved in the compressed extended Kalman filter-based simultaneous localization and mapping （CEKF-SLAM） algorithm was proposed. State augment usually requires a fully-updated state eovariance so as to append the information of newly observed landmarks, thus computational volume increases quadratically with the number of landmarks in the whole map. It was proved that state augment can also be achieved by augmenting just one auxiliary coefficient ma- trix. This method can yield identical estimation results as those using EKF-SLAM algorithm, and computa- tional amount grows only linearly with number of increased landmarks in the local map. The efficiency of this quick state augment for CEKF-SLAM algorithm has been validated by a sophisticated simulation project.

Vortex bound states influenced by the Fermi surface anisotropy

The spatial distribution of vortex bound states is often anisotropic,which is correlated with the underlying property of materials.In this work,we examine the effects of Fermi surface anisotropy on vortex bound states.The large-scale calculation of vortex bound states is introduced in the presence of fourfold or twofold Fermi surface by solving the Bogoliubov–de Gennes(BdG)equations.Two kinds of quasiparticles’behaviors can be extracted from the local density of states(LDOS)around a vortex.The angle-dependent quasiparticles will move from high energy to low energy when the angle varies from curvature maxima to minima of the Fermi surface,while the angle-independent quasiparticles tend to stay at a relatively higher energy.In addition,the weight of angle-dependent quasiparticles can be enhanced by the increasing anisotropy degree of Fermi surface.

Local-State Routing in Satellite Constellation Networks from the Perspective of Complex Network

Routing algorithms in satellite constellation networks usually make use of the local state information to adapt to the topology and traffic dynamics,since it’s difficult to obtain the global states in time due to the spatial large-scale feature of constellation networks.Furthermore,they use different range of local states and give these states distinct weights.However,the behind design criterion is ambiguous and often based on experience.This paper discusses the problem from the perspective of complex network.A universal local-state routing model with tunable parameters is presented to generalize the common characteristics of local-state routing algorithms for satellite constellation networks.Based on this,the impacts of localstate routing algorithms on performance and the correlation between routing and traffic dynamics are analyzed in detail.Among them,the tunable parameters,the congestion propagation process,the critical packet sending rate,and the network robustness are discussed respectively.Experimental results show that routing algorithms can achieve a satisfactory performance by maintaining a limited state awareness capability and obtaining the states in a range below the average path length.This provides a valuable design basis for routing algorithms in satellite constellation networks.

Analytical criteria for local activity of CNN with five state variables and application to Hyper-chaos synchronization Chua's circuit

The analytic criteria for the local activity theory in one-port cellularneural network (CNN) with five local state variables are presented. The application to a Hyper-chaossynchronization Chua's circuit (HCSCC) CNN with 1125 variables is studied. The bifurcation diagramsof the HCSCC CNN show that they are slightly different from the smoothed CNN with one or two portsand four state variables calculated earlier. The evolution of the patterns of the state variables ofthe HCSCC CNN is stimulated. Oscillatory patterns, chaotic patterns, convergent or divergentpatterns may emerge if the selected cell parameters are located in the locally active domains butnearby or in the edge of chaos domain.

State vector evolution localized over the edges of a square tight-binding lattice

We study thc time evolution of a state vector in a square tight-binding lattice, focusing on its evolution localized over the system surfaces. In this tight-binding lattice, the energy of atomic orbital centred at surface site is different from that at the interior （bulky） site by an energy shift U. It is shown that for the state vector initially localized on a surface, there exists an exponential law （y = ae^x/b ＋ Y0） determined by the absolute value of the energy shift, ｜U｜, which describes the transition of the state evolving on the square tight-binding lattice, from delocalized over the whole lattice to localized over the surfaces.

One-dimensional method of investigating the localized states in armchair graphene-like nanoribbons with defects

In this paper we propose a type of new analytical method to investigate the localized states in the armchair graphene-like nanoribbons. The method is based on the tight-binding model and with a standing wave assumption. The system of armchair graphene-like nanoribbons includes the armchair supercells with arbitrary elongation-type line defects and the semi-infinite nanoribbons. With this method, we analyze many interesting localized states near the line defects in the graphene and boron-nitride nanoribbons. We also derive the analytical expressions and the criteria for the localized states in the semi-infinite nanoribbons.