Disharmonious Ventricular Relationship and Topology for the Given Atrioventricular Connections.Contemporary Diagnostic Approach Using 3D Modeling and Printing

In the last issue,two case reports separately present examples of the extremely rare and complex congenital heart diseases that show concordant atrioventricular connections to the L-looped ventricles in the presence of situs solitus.Both cases highlight that the relationship between the two ventricles within the ventricular mass is not always harmonious with the given atrioventricular connection.Such disharmony between the connections and relationships requires careful assessment of the three basic facets of cardiac building blocks,namely their morphology,the relationship of their component parts,and their connections with the adjacent segments.3D imaging and printing can now facilitate an otherwise difficult diagnosis in such complex situations.Rotation of either the 3D images or the models permit accurate assessment of the ventricular topologic pattern by creating the right ventricular en-face septal view,thus facilitating placement of the observer’s hands.As we now emphasize,an alternative approach,which might prove more attractive to imagers,is to rotate the ventricular mass to provide the ventricular apical view,thus permitting determination of the ventricular relationship without using the hands.

Adaptive Control of the Structural Balance for a Class of Complex Dynamical Networks

In social networks,the structural balance is a state of a group of individuals(nodes)with established mutual relationships(connection relationships)between them.It is easy to see that a social network can be described by a complex dynamical network model composed of the nodes subsystem(NS)and the connection relationships subsystem(CS),where the two subsystems are usually coupled with each other.It implies that the dynamic changes of nodes'states may cause the structural balance in CS.However,few papers have discussed the relationship between the structural balance and the specific dynamic changes of the nodes'states.This paper proposes a model of complex dynamical networks,and mainly focuses on the dynamic changes of states in NS which can lead to the structural balance in CS.It is proved that if each state in NS is doing a specific dynamic motion via the controller with the parameter adaptive law,then the CS can track a given structural balance matrix via the effective coupling and the structural balance can be achieved.Such a result can be regarded as an explanation of the relationship between the structural balance and the specific dynamic changes of the nodes'states.Finally,the simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.