Mechanical Properties and Stress Strain Relationship Models for Bamboo Scrimber

In order to investigate the basic mechanical properties and stress strain relationship model for bamboo scrimber manufactured based on a new technique,a large quantities of experiments have been carried out.Based on the analysis of the test results,the following conclusions can be drawn.Two main typical failure modes were classified for bamboo scrimber specimens both under tension parallel to grain and tension perpendicular to grain.Brittle failure happened for all tensile tests.The slope values for the elastic stages have bigger discreteness compared with those for the specimens under tensile parallel to grain.The failure modes for bamboo scrimber specimens under compression parallel to grain could be divided into four.Only one main failure mode happened both for the bending specimens and the shear specimens.With the COV values of 28.64 and 25.72 respectively,the values for the strength and elastic modulus under tensile perpendicular to grain have the largest discreteness for bamboo scrimber.From the point of CHV values,the relationship among the mechanical parameters for bamboo scrimber were proposed based on the test results.Compared with other green building materials,bamboo scrimber manufactured based on a new technique has better mechanical performance and could be used in construction area.Three stress strain relationship models which are four-linear model,quadratic function model,and cubic function model were proposed for bamboo scrimber specimens manufactured based on a new technique.The latter two models gives better prediction for stress strain relationship in elastic plastic stage.

Precipitation-Surface Temperature Relationship in the IPCC CMIP5 Models

Precipitation and surface temperature are two important quantities whose variations are closely related through various physical processes. In the present study, we evaluated the precipitation-surface temperature （P-T） relationship in 17 climate models involved in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） for the IPCC Assessment Report version 5. Most models performed reasonably well at simulat- ing the large-scale features of the P-T correlation distribution. Based on the pattern correlation of the P-T correlation distribution, the models performed better in November-December-January-February-March （NDJFM） than in May-June-July-August-September （MJJAS） except for the mid-latitudes of the North- ern Hemisphere, and the performance was generally better over the land than over the ocean. Seasonal dependence was more obvious over the land than over the ocean and was more obvious over the mid- and high-latitudes than over the tropics. All of the models appear to have had difficulty capturing the P-T correlation distribution over the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere in MJJAS. The spatial variabil- ity of the P-T correlation in the models was overestimated compared to observations. This overestimation tended to be larger over the land than over the ocean and larger over the mid- and high-latitudes than over the tropics. Based on analyses of selected model ensemble simulations, the spread of the P-T correlation among the ensemble members appears to have been small. While the performance in the P-T correlation provides a general direction for future improvement of climate models, the specific reasons for the discrep- ancies between models and observations remain to be revealed with detailed and comprehensive evaluations in various aspects.

Modeling of the height–diameter relationship using an allometric equation model:a case study of stands of Phyllostachys edulis

Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.

Numerical Method for Modeling the Constitutive Relationship of Sand under Different Stress Paths

A numerical method was used in order to establish the constitutive relationship of sands under different stress paths, Firstly, based on the numerical method modeling the constitutive law of sands, the elastoplastic constitutive relationship of sand was established for three paths： the constant proportion of principle stress path, the conventional triaxial compression （CTC） path, and the p=constant （TC） path. The yield lines of plastic volumetric strain and plastic generalized shear strain were given. Through visualization, the three dimensional surface of the stress-strain relationship in the whole stress field （p, q） obtained under the three paths was plotted. Also, by comparing the stress-strain surfaces and yield locus of the three stress paths, the differences were found to be obvious, which demonstrates that the influence of the stress paths on constitutive law was not neglected. The numerical modeling method overcame the difficulty of finding an analytical expression for plastic potential. The results simulated the experimental data with an accuracy of 90% on average, so the constitutive model established in this paper provides an effective constitutive equation for this kind of engineering, reflecting the effect of practical stress paths that occur in sands.

Seismic ground motion relationships in southern China based on stochastic finite-fault model

The characteristics of seismic ground motions in southern China are difficult to determine statistically due to a lack of strong ground motion data.In this study,a stochastic finite-fault ground motion model was adopted to simulate the seismic ground motions at bedrock for southern China,based on parameters derived from small and medium earthquakes that have occurred in the region.From these,the response spectra was estimated.A set of ground motion attenuation relationships was then developed based on simulated peak ground motions and response spectral parameters through regression,which would be applicable for use in engineering practice.Through comparisons,it was demonstrated that the proposed ground motion relationships are generally consistent with those obtained from other reported ground motion attenuation models for southern China.

GIS-Based Urbanization Prediction Model Considering Neighborhood Relationship of the Unit of the “Block” in the Outskirts of Metropolitan Area

On the outskirts of the metropolitan areas in Japan, the rapid development of urban areas and the improvement in transportation networks have brought various land use problems in their wake, including urban diffusion and the phenomenon of urban sprawl. There is a strong need for accurate predictions of land-use change and future urbanization, as well as investigation of the appropriateness of present land use controls and the land use controls that will be required in the future. This study took as its object the outskirts of the Keihanshin (Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe) Metropolitan Area, the second largest conurbation in Japan after the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and used the digital maps and spatial analysis offered by GIS. It aimed to: 1) describe the characteristics of land use controls, land use and urbanization;2) develop an urbanization prediction model that considers the neighboring relationship of neighboring areas on a 100 m mesh unit;3) apply this model to the study area and verify its validity regarding the conditions of present land use;4) compare urbanization prediction results by this model with the present land use controls;and 5) make predictions for future urbanization and propose remedial measures for future land use controls.

基于深度学习的塑性变形理论建模研究进展

传统塑性理论模型由于引入了适当的假设和简化,面对复杂变形机制和复杂变形条件时具有局限性。基于深度学习的理论建模作为数据驱动的建模新范式,具有精度高、通用性强的特点,是塑性理论建模的重要方向。介绍了深度学习的建模方法,如传统神经网络模型、物理启发式神经网络模型和神经算子网络,分析了各个模型的特点。总结了近年来基于深度学习的塑性理论建模方法在本构关系、损伤断裂模型、微观组织模型和多尺度模型等方面应用的研究进展,并分析了提高模型精度、泛化能力和可解释性的方法。最后提出了基于深度学习的塑性理论建模方法面临的挑战和未来发展方向。

海域地震动强度包络模型研究

人工模拟地震动是目前开展海洋工程结构抗震分析的主要地震输入分析。强度包络函数是人工模拟地震动的重要参数,决定了地震动的强度非平稳性特性,并对地震动持时起控制作用。目前的地震动强度包络模型均是基于陆域地震动记录统计分析得出,无法准确反应海域地震动的强度特性。因此,基于日本K-Net强震动观测台网的实测地震数据库,分析海域地震动在时域中强度分布特性;提出适用于海域地震动的三段式强度包络模型,回归得到震级M、震中距R及关键参数上升段t_(1)、强震平稳段ts、下降段衰减率c(无量纲)的计算表达式;研究震级、震中距对海域地震动强度包络模型的影响规律,并探讨海域地震动与陆域地震动强度包络模型的异同。研究结果表明:海域地震动强度包络模型中关键参数上升段t_(1)、强震平稳段ts、下降段衰减率c的取值范围分别为[13~52 s],[12~79 s],[0.037~0.173];震级对关键参数(t_(1)、t_(s)、c)的影响要大于震中距;与陆域地震动相比,海域地震动的强度包络模型的下降段衰减率c相差显著,且各关键参数的分布范围更大。

生态型县域生态系统服务时空格局及其协同关系——以国家全域旅游示范区江西省武宁县为例

[目的]分析生态型县域生态系统服务的时空变化及协同关系,为促进国家生态文明建设,实现生态保护和社会经济协调发展提供理论参考。[方法]以江西省武宁县为例,结合野外实测数据,运用InVEST模型评估了该区2000—2020年水源涵养、土壤保持、碳储存和粮食供给4种典型生态系统服务,在此基础上探讨了生态系统服务间的协同关系及其时空变化特征。[结果]①2000—2020年,武宁县单位栅格年平均水源涵养量从173.14 mm提升至283.92 mm,单位栅格年平均粮食供给量从3.52 kJ提升至5.34 kJ,两者均呈现增长趋势;土壤保持功能呈先减少,后增长,再减少的波动趋势;20 a间土壤保持功能下降了15.71%,而碳储存功能呈现微弱增长的趋势。②武宁县南部和北部的林地是水源涵养、土壤保持和碳储存的高值区;水域、建设用地及未利用地分布区域是水源涵养、土壤保持和碳储存的低值区;4种生态系统服务中,林地和耕地是生态系统服务功能发展的关键用地。③武宁县水源涵养、土壤保持和碳储存3者之间是协同关系,与粮食供给是权衡关系;“高—高”和“低—低”集聚的协同关系主要分布在高海拔的林地及水域,“高—低”和“低—高”集聚的权衡关系主要分布在耕地。[结论]2000—2020年武宁县生态系统服务功能整体呈上升趋势,未来应重点关注生态调节服务功能向资源价值的转化。

老年人家庭代际关系模式及其影响因素研究——基于代际双向报告的K均值聚类分析

在传统的代际关系模式研究中,数据往往来自家庭中父母或子女一方的报告,然而仅凭借“一面之词”对代际关系进行测量真的准确吗?这一问题的背后透视出当前国内相关研究中双向报告视角的缺失。利用2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,运用K均值聚类分析及多层Logistic回归方法,探究当前中国老年人家庭中代际关系的双向报告状况、代际关系模式及其影响因素。研究结果表明:首先,老年父母的代际关系报告平均得分要略低于成年子女的报告平均得分,但两者间并不存在显著差异,代际利益假说未获支持。其次,基于双向报告的聚类结果,可将老年人家庭代际关系具体划分为结构维度上的“亲子一致型”、“亲近子疏型”、“亲疏子近型”模式与水平维度上的“亲子和睦型”、“亲子有隙型”、“亲子疏离型”模式。最后,从代际关系模式的影响因素来看,代际结构、老年父母特征及成年子女特征均会在结构维度与水平维度上产生显著影响,而家庭特征仅在水平维度上产生显著影响。简言之,两代人的年龄差距越大、父母年龄越小、子女年龄越大,越可能形成评价一致的代际关系;两代人的年龄差距越大、两代人的性别一致、父母年龄越小、父母获得子女支持以及在城镇家庭中,越可能形成和睦的代际关系。

人水关系学的基本方程及模型构建

人水关系是人类与自然界关系中最重要的关系之一,人水关系学是研究人水关系的一门新交叉学科,构建其基本方程和模型是深入研究人水关系的核心内容之一。基于前期研究工作和不同学科成果梳理,提出了人水系统“四大过程”(水循环过程、物质循环过程、生物过程、人文过程),总结给出了“四大过程”的基本方程及其耦合与计算方法,提出了考虑“四大过程”的分布式人水关系模型构建框架与人水关系模拟器的构建设想,并介绍了沁河流域分布式人水关系模型应用研究实例。人水系统“四大过程”是表征人水关系的重要基础,其基本方程是研究人水关系学的基础方程,由基本方程耦合构建的模型是模拟人水关系问题的重要工具,可为进一步完善人水关系学奠定基础,为深入研究人水关系模型提供思路。

早龄期机制砂混凝土抗压强度与弹性模量时效关系及本构模型试验研究

为了研究早龄期机制砂混凝土在单轴受压状态下抗压强度与弹性模量的时效关系和本构模型,通过对8组不同龄期的C60机制砂混凝土试件进行立方体抗压强度试验、静力受压弹性模量试验和单轴受压应力-应变曲线试验,并参考多种已有研究模型,建立了早龄期机制砂混凝土在单轴受压状态下的抗压强度与弹性模量时效关系模型和分段式应力-应变本构模型。结果表明,采用的抗压强度与弹性模量时效关系模型和分段式应力-应变本构模型与试验数据吻合效果理想,能够较好地描述早龄期C60机制砂混凝土在单轴受压状态下的力学性能。

因果关系表示增强的跨领域命名实体识别

跨领域命名实体识别在现实应用中,尤其在目标领域数据稀缺的小样本场景中具有重要价值。然而,现有方法主要是通过特征表示或模型参数共享实现的跨领域实体能力迁移,未充分考虑由于样本选择偏差而引起的虚假相关性问题。为了解决跨领域中的虚假相关性问题,提出一种因果关系表示增强的跨领域命名实体识别模型,将源域的语义特征表示与目标域的语义特征表示进行融合,生成一种增强的上下文语义特征表示。通过结构因果模型捕捉增强后的特征变量与标签之间的因果关系。在目标域中应用因果干预和反事实推断策略,提取存在的直接因果效应,从而进一步缓解特征与标签之间的虚假相关性问题。该方法在公共数据集上进行了实验,实验结果得到了显著提高。

基于截面配筋率的钢筋混凝土统一本构关系研究

为避免数值化分析中直接处理钢筋与混凝土之间的复杂关系,推导出钢筋混凝土构件轴心受压统一理论公式,做了不同配筋率与不同混凝土强度等级下的钢混棱柱体轴心受压试验,利用试验量测的荷载位移数据,结合Matlab曲线拟合工具的线性回归与拟合功能,建立了一种基于截面配筋率的能够描述钢筋混凝土材料力学性能的统一本构关系。对试验梁进行数值化分析表明,所建立的数值化模型应力应变特征与试验结果吻合较好,证明了该模型在钢筋混凝土实际运用过程中的可行性与适用性。

中国加入CPTPP的农产品贸易效应研究--基于WITS-SMART模型

粮食安全是国家安全的基石,面对国际市场不稳定性,加入CPTPP有望为中国夯实农产品贸易韧性提供新契机。在考察中国与CPTPP国家农产品贸易竞合关系的基础上,运用WITS-SMART模型建立局部均衡分析框架,研究中国加入CPTPP的农产品贸易效应,结果发现:第一,中国农产品竞争力整体不强,但与CPTPP国家依存关系较高,双边贸易潜力在关税完全削减时充分释放。第二,零关税情境下,贸易创造效应普遍大于转移效应,中国对CPTPP多数国家农产品贸易规模大幅扩张,进口增长主要源自种植业、畜牧业部门以及加拿大、澳大利亚、英国、日本等国家,出口增长主要集中于种植业部门以及日本、英国、马来西亚、墨西哥等国家。第三,加入CPTPP显著改善了双边经济福利,不过关税损失较为严重。因此,中国应破除部门利益障碍,加强与墨西哥、日本、英国等国经贸联系以充分挖掘CPTPP国家市场潜力,释放贸易自由化福利,持续提高农产品出口质量和国际竞争力以应对加入CPTPP带来的挑战。

岩浆通道成矿核心内涵“两深一浅一通道”及其找矿意义

岩浆通道成矿模型的建立深刻改变了岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床成因研究的范式,成为该领域的研究前沿,而且已经成功地应用于找矿勘查中。该模型揭示了硫化物熔离与聚集成矿在空间上的不一致性以及成矿与相关玄武岩铂族元素强烈亏损的成因联系,很好地解释了为什么很多含矿岩体围岩贫硫化物的现象。笔者将该模型的核心内涵概括为“两深一浅一通道”,“两深”指成矿物质来源于地幔、硫化物熔离发生在深部,“一浅”指硫化物的聚集成矿主要发生在较浅的岩浆房,“一通道”指较稳定的岩浆通道更有利于成大矿。结合对典型矿床和成矿带的分析,笔者提出侵位较浅的、规模相对较大的岩体,其成矿潜力好于深部的岩浆通道相。因此,认为地表矿化并不是唯一可靠的、甚至不能作为最重要的找矿标志,要提高找矿效率(特别是隐伏矿床),首先要全面分析成矿带岩浆通道系统在不同区域的埋藏、剥蚀和暴露状况,目标岩体地质产状及其与围岩时代差异等宏观地质要素,查明深部通道相与浅部岩体空间分布和形成深度的差异,在此基础上,判断浅部岩体的位置、合理部署重点勘查区域、选择有效的勘查技术、定位目标岩体,进行钻探验证。

基于ChatGLM和提示微调的旅游知识图谱构建

为缓解旅游领域知识分散、信息碎片化的问题,提出一种基于ChatGLM(chat generative language model)和提示微调的实体关系抽取模型ChatGLM-ppt(ChatGLM with prompt and p-tuning)。该模型借助ChatGLM以对话形式完成实体关系抽取任务,并通过P-Tuning v2微调和添加提示模板的方法应对实体关系抽取中错误传播、实体冗余和关系重叠等问题。实验建立在自建的旅游领域数据集上,结果表明:在旅游领域实体关系抽取问题上ChatGLM-ppt模型F 1为92.19%,在处理重叠关系问题中F 1均大于90%,优于目前主流的实体关系抽取模型,证明该模型可有效提高实体关系抽取的准确率。进一步运用Neo4j图数据库构建旅游知识图谱,整合分散的旅游信息资源,对促进旅游业的数字化转型和智能化发展具有一定的参考意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地蟠龙地区长6储层四性关系研究

针对蟠龙地区长6储层四性关系的研究与认识不足,利用蟠龙地区的测井数据、录完井数据、岩心分析和化验资料等资料进行整理与分析,对研究区储层岩性、物性、电性与含油性特征及其相互间的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,①蟠龙地区长6油层组以长石砂岩为主;②储层平均孔隙度为8%,平均渗透率为0.79×10-3μm 2,属于低孔特低渗至低孔超低渗储层;③录井中岩心以油迹含油级别为主;④结合岩心测试资料建立了储层参数测井解释模型,并最终确定有效储层物性下限为:渗透率0.15×10^(-3)μm^(2),孔隙度5.5%,电阻率20Ω·m,声波时差215μs/m。研究了储层四性基本特征及其关系,并得出了蟠龙地区储层物性和含油性的电性解释图版,为后续蟠龙地区油层解释以及探明储量参数的确定提供了依据。

浮动基多机悬吊系统动力耦合响应分析

为了研究浮动基多机悬吊系统在不规则波作用下的动力耦合关系,首先利用动量定理和动量矩定理建立了浮动基机器人动力学模型,其次利用达朗贝尔原理建立了悬吊系统的动力学模型,并提出了系统动力学的耦合关系分析步骤;最后结合实例,仿真分析了浮动基多机器人协调悬吊系统在不同波高、不同波长比和不同起吊速度下动力耦合响应过程。结果表明,该系统的理论研究进行了补充和完善,同时也为浮动基多机悬吊系统在实际的吊运过程中,判断安全的吊运环境提供技术支撑。

旅游产业集聚与旅游生态安全的互动关系研究——以长江中游城市群为例

系统审视旅游产业集聚与旅游生态安全的互动关系对促进旅游高质量发展与生态可持续性发展具有重要意义。以长江中游城市群的26个城市为研究对象,基于区位熵和模糊物元模型分别测度2010—2021年各城市旅游产业集聚水平和旅游生态安全,并运用PVAR模型探讨旅游产业集聚与旅游生态安全的互动关系。研究结果表明:时间序列上,长江中游城市群旅游产业集聚水平和旅游生态安全整体呈现稳步上升的态势,旅游产业集聚水平的区域差异随时间变化不断提升,而旅游生态安全的区域差异则不断下降。空间分布上,长江中游城市群旅游产业集聚中高水平区占据主导地位,呈现出“环鄱阳湖城市群>环长株潭城市群>武汉城市圈”的格局;旅游生态安全呈现出以武汉市、南昌市与长沙市为主的“三足鼎立”的分布格局。长江中游城市群旅游产业集聚和旅游生态安全存在显著的互促关系,方差分解结果表明,旅游产业集聚和旅游生态安全受自身影响最大,且旅游产业集聚对旅游生态安全的影响远大于旅游生态安全对旅游产业集聚的影响。