Relative floatability as a criterion for evaluating the separation performance of phosphate from iron

This work was aimed to study the relative floatability of phosphate flotation by means of kinetic analysis.The relative floatability is important to determine how selectively the phosphate is separated from its impurities. The effects of pulp pH, solid content, reagents dosage(depressant, collector and co-collector) and conditioning time were investigated on the ratio of the modified rate constant of phosphate to the modified rate constant of iron(relative floatability). The results showed that a large dosage of depressant associated with a low value of collector resulted in a better relative floatability. Increasing the co-collector dosage, conditioning time and pH increased the relative floatability up to a certain value and thereafter resulted in diminishing the relative floatability. Meanwhile, the results indicated that increment of solid concentration increased the relative floatability in range investigated. It was also found that that maximum relative floatability(16.05) could be obtained in pulp pH, 9.32, solid percentage, 30,depressant dosage, 440 g/t, collector dosage, 560 g/t, co-collector dosage, 84.63 g/t and conditioning time,9.43 min.

PDRK:A General Kinetic Dispersion Relation Solver for Magnetized Plasma

A general,fast,and effective approach is developed for numerical calculation of kinetic plasma linear dispersion relations.The plasma dispersion function is approximated by J-pole expansion.Subsequently,the dispersion relation is transformed to a standard matrix eigenvalue problem of an equivalent linear system.Numerical solutions for the least damped or fastest growing modes using an 8-pole expansion are generally accurate;more strongly damped modes are less accurate,but are less likely to be of physical interest.In contrast to conventional approaches,such as Newton＇s iterative method,this approach can give either all the solutions in the system or a few solutions around the initial guess.It is also free from convergence problems.The approach is demonstrated for electrostatic dispersion equations with one-dimensional and twodimensional wavevectors,and for electromagnetic kinetic magnetized plasma dispersion relation for bi-Maxwellian distribution with relative parallel velocity flows between species.

DIFFUSIVE-DISPERSIVE TRAVELING WAVES AND KINETIC RELATIONS IV. COMPRESSIBLE EULER EQUATIONS

The authors consider the Euler equations for a compressible fluid in one space dimensionwhen the equation of state of the fluid does not fulfill standard convexity assumptions andviscosity and capillarity effects are taken into account. A typical example of nonconvex con-stitutive equation for fluids is Van der Waals' equation. The first order terms of these partialdifferential equations form a nonlinear system of mixed (hyperbolic-elliptic) type. For a class ofnonconvex equations of state, an existence theorem of traveling waves solutions with arbitrarylarge amplitude is established here. The authors distinguish between classical (compressive) andnonclassical (undercompressive) traveling waves. The latter do not fulfill Lax shock inequali-ties, and are characterized by the so-called kinetic relation, whose properties are investigatedin this paper.

Deriving a kinetic uncertainty relation for piecewise deterministic processes:from classical to quantum

From the perspective of Markovian piecewise deterministic processes(PDPs),we investigate the derivation of a kinetic uncertainty relation(KUR),which was originally proposed in Markovian open quantum systems.First,stationary distributions of classical PDPs are explicitly constructed.Then,a tilting method is used to derive a rate functional of large deviations.Finally,based on an improved approximation scheme,we recover the KUR.These classical results are directly extended to the open quantum systems.We use a driven two-level quantum system to exemplify the quantum results.