Contribution of Water and Lipid Soluble Substances in the Relaxant Effects of Tymus Vulgaris Extract on Guinea Pig Tracheal Smooth Muscle in Vitro

Objective： To examine the relaxant effects of hydro-ethanolic, macerated aqueous （MA） and lipid- free macerated aqueous （LFMA） extract of Tymus vulgaris on tracheal chains of guinea pigs. Methods： The relaxant effects of five cumulative concentrations of each extract （0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 g/100 mL） were compared with saline as negative control and five cumulative concentrations of theophylline （0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mmol/L） on precontracted tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig with 60 mmol/L KCl （group 1） and 10 μmol/L methacholine （group 2, n=6 for each group）. Results： In group 1 all concentrations of theophylline, three higher concentrations of hydro-ethanolic, two concentrations of LFMA and last concentration of MA extracts showed significant relaxant effects compared with that of saline （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Two lower concentrations of LFMA and all concentrations of MA except higher one caused contraction compared with saline （P〈0.05 or 0.01）. In group 2 experiments, all concentrations of theophylline, hydro-ethanolic, MA and LFMA extracts showed significant relaxant effects compared to that of saline （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. In both groups, the relaxant effect of all concentrations of hydro-ethanolic extract were significantly higher than most concentrations of others （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The relaxant effect of different concentrations of three extracts were significantly greater in group 2 compared with group 1 experiments （all P〈0.01）. There were significantly positive correlations between the relaxant effects and concentrations for theophylline and all extracts in both groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Hydro-ethanolic extract has a potent weaker relaxant effect for other extracts from Tymus vulgaris on tracheal chains of guinea pigs.

Relaxant Effect of Bioactive Component Compatibility of San-ao Decoction on In vitro Guinea Pig Airway Smooth Muscle:A Dose-Response Relationship Study

Background:Component compatibility is important to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.Studies have shown that San-ao decoction(SAD)can treat respiratory diseases by relaxing airway smooth muscle(ASM)and reducing airway hyper-responsiveness.However,whether its bioactive components and compatibility also present with similar relaxant effects remains unknown.This study aims to explore the potential relaxant property,dose-response relationship,and underlying mechanisms of the bioactive component compatibility in SAD.Methods:Network pharmacology was primarily used to identify the bioactive components of SAD and uncover its underlying mechanisms.ASM tension force measuring technique was utilized to verify the relaxant and dose-response effects on in vitro guinea pig ASM.Results:We postulated pseudoephedrine hydrochloride(PH),amygdalin(AM),and diammonium glycyrrhizate(DG)to be the bioactive components of SAD,which could effectively relax ASM in a dose-dependent manner on both acetylcholine-induced and spontaneous contraction.Both PH and AM could lead to DG dose–response curve shift.The regression equation of these three bioactive components was Y=-2.048×X_(1)+0.411×X_(2)+14.052×X_(3)(X_(1),X_(2),X_(3)representing PH,AM,and DG,respectively).The underlying mechanisms of these components might be associated with the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.Conclusions:PH,AM,and DG are the bioactive components of SAD,which can relax ASM in a dose–response manner and exert a synergistic effect.Clinically,compatibility of these three bioactive components may serve as a new complementary and alternative treatment for respiratory diseases.

Slow Relaxation and Memory Effect in Ti_(50)Ni_(47)Fe_3 Shape Memory Alloy

The slow relaxation of resistance and memory effect in TisoNi_(47)Fe_3 shape memory alloy(SMA) are found for the first time.An evidence for CDW mechanism of incommensurate and commensurate phases in SMA was provided.

Main Melody Configuration and Chord Algorithm for Relaxing Music Generation

This study applies the diatonic chord in music theory,utilization rate,and the close relationship between the main chord system,the dominant chord system,and the subordinate chord system.From the perspective of music theory,the computer can automatically and quickly analyze the music,and establish a set of algorithms for configuring the chord accompaniment for the main melody,called the symmetrical circle offifths algorithm,SCFA(Symmetrical Circle of Fifths Algorithm).SCFA can immediately confirm the key,perform harmony analysis,configure chord accompaniment for the main melody,and effectively and correctly complete any given melody or interval.It can also quickly analyze and correctly configure the chord accompaniment for any MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface)music,enriching the musicality of the music.It can also allow scorers or computer music creators to quickly deconstruct the harmony configuration of the melody.Through the measurement of bio-feedback sensor HRV(Heart Rate Variability),it can achieve a relaxing music healing effect.

Synthesis and Their Endothelium Vascular Relaxation of Arecoline Derivatives Containing Oxadiazoline

Ten novel 1, 1-dimethyl-3-(2-or 5-aryl-4-acetyl-2, 3-dihydro-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoline-5-or- 2-yl)-1, 2, 5, 6- tetrahydropyridinium iodides were synthesized from starting material nicotinalde- hyde or nicotinic acid by two different synthetic methods respectively. The preliminary bioactive tests indicate som compounds exhibit potent relaxing effect on endothelial cells, comparable to Ach or arecoline.

Probing the interseismic locking state of the Xianshuihe fault based on a viscoelastic deformation model

The interseismic locking state of tectonic faults is essential for regional seismic hazard assessments.However,it is challenging to obtain this parameter reliably due to the weak deformation and complex model configurations.To better probe the fault locking state,more reliable physical models and well-covered observations are required.Here we investigate the locking state of the Xianshuihe fault based on a new-developed viscoelastic deformation model.Meanwhile,we combine GPS velocities from 13 new near-field stations and existing stations in this region to improve the spatial resolution.Similar to the theoretical predictions,our results indicate that the elastic model will clearly overestimate the fault locking depth and seismic moment accumulation rate,and the fault slip rate inferred from the elastic model is slightly lower than that from the viscoelastic model.Relying on the locking distribution inferred from the viscoelastic model,we identify four potential asperities on the Xianshuihe fault.More importantly,we find a clear spatial correlation between the fault locking distribution and the rupture extent of historical earthquakes,which indicates that the fault locking state may control the rupture extent and thus the magnitude of earthquakes.In addition,our results show that the 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake only ruptured the south part of a potential asperity,and the accumulated energy in the northern unruptured area is equivalent to an Mw6.9 earthquake,where the seismic hazard deserves special attention.

Medium effect on dielectric relaxation behaviors of 4A zeolite bulk dispersion system

Dielectric spectra of 4A zeolite particles bulked in deionized water（4A/W） or cyclohexane（4A/C） were measured respectively under different temperatures, and two dielectric relaxations were found in both of 4A/W and 4A/C. Because of existence of water molecules in pores, both low and high frequency relaxation times（t LFR and t HFR） of 4A/W decreased more sharply than 4A/C with increasing temperature.According to the temperature dependence of t LFR and t HFR, the activation energies of Na＋interacting with framework under hydrated and dehydrated environments were calculated respectively, and the original properties of Na＋in dehydrated zeolite were obtained by analyzing the dielectric properties of 4A/C.Furthermore, a transient state of Na＋motion with temperature was found in 4A/C system.