Anisotropy of Stable Single Domain Ferrimagnetic Particles in a Rock Sample from Gyroremanent Magnetization and Comparison with Other Anisotropy Methods

The orientation of stable single domain (SSD) ferrimagnetic particles in an igneous rock sample was determined by a sensitive technique utilizing gyroremanent magnetization (GRM). Components of GRM were measured in the sample upon exposure to an alternating field (AF) at various orientations in 3 orthogonal planes. The major components of GRM exhibited a sin(2θ) dependence on AF orientation in the respective perpendicular planes. This was in accordance with theory [1] and contrary to some previously reported experimental results on magnetic recording tape, which produced a distorted sin(2θ) dependence of the GRM [1]. The explanation is likely due to the SSD ferrimagnetic particles in the rock sample being more dispersed (less interacting) compared to the highly interacting SSD particles in the magnetic tape sample of the previous study. The GRM results were consistent with another remanence anisotropy method, anisotropy of isothermal remanent magnetization (AIRM). This method again measures the anisotropy of the remanence carrying ferrimagnetic particles, but the IRM is also acquired by larger multidomain (MD) particles as well as by the SSD particles. The results were also consistent with the visible rock anisotropy (petrofabric), the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), and the shear wave velocity anisotropy. A comparison of all the methods demonstrated that the fine SSD particles, which make up only a small proportion of the rock, were aligned in quite a similar orientation to that of the main rock forming minerals that constituted the bulk of the sample.

Measurement of remanent magnetic moment using a torsion pendulum with single frequency modulation method

In Tian Qin spaceborne gravitational-wave detectors, the stringent requirements on the magnetic cleanliness of the test masses demand the high resolution ground-based characterization measurement of their magnetic properties. Here we present a single frequency modulation method based on a torsion pendulum to measure the remanent magnetic moment mr of 1.1 kg dummy copper test mass, and the measurement result is(6.45 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.07(syst)) × 10^(-8)A · m^(2). The measurement precision of the mr is about 0.9 n A · m^(2), well below the present measurement requirement of Tian Qin. The method is particularly useful for measuring extremely low magnetic properties of the materials for use in the construction of space-borne gravitational wave detection and other precision scientific apparatus.

High repetition granular Co/Pt multilayers with improved perpendicular remanent magnetization for high-density magnetic recording

Thanks to the strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA), excellent processing compatibility as well as novel spintronic phenomenon, Co/Pt multilayers have been attracting massive attention and widely used in magnetic storage.However, reversed magnetic domains come into being with the increasing layer repetition ‘N’ to reduce magneto-static energy, resulting in the remarkable diminishment of the remanent magnetization(Mr). As a result, the product of Mrand thickness(i.e., the remanent moment-thickness product, Mrt), a key parameter in magnetic recording for reliable data storing and reading, also decreases dramatically. To overcome this issue, we deposit an ultra-thick granular [Co/Pt]80multilayer with a total thickness of 68 nm on granular SiNxbuffer layer. The Mrt value, Mrto saturation magnetization(Ms) ratio as well as out of plane(OOP) coercivity(Hcoop) are high up to 2.97 memu/cm^(2), 67%, and 1940 Oe(1 Oe = 79.5775 A·m^(-1)),respectively, which is remarkably improved compared with that of continuous [Co/Pt]80multilayers. That is because large amounts of grain boundaries in the granular multilayers can efficiently impede the propagation and expansion of reversed magnetic domains, which is verified by experimental investigations and micromagnetic simulation results. The simulation results also indicate that the value of Mrt, Mr/Msratio, and Hcoopcan be further improved through optimizing the granule size, which can be experimentally realized by manipulating the process parameter of SiNxbuffer layer. This work provides an alternative solution for achieving high Mrt value in ultra-thick Co/Pt multilayers, which is of unneglectable potential in applications of high-density magnetic recording.

Remanence Characteristic of Nanostructure of Hard／Soft Magnetic Multilayered Systems

The relation between microscopic properties (e.g., layer thickness, easy axis orientation) and the macroscopic magnetic properties such as remanent magnetization of the ferromagnetic multilayer system is investigated based on a simple micromagnet approach. We concentrate on a multilayer design with periodic boundary condition, where alternating soft/hard layers build a nanostructured multilayer. For any easy axis direction in the soft and hard layers a simple explicit expression of remanence of the system has been derived analytically. We find that the remanence clearly depends on the thickness of the soft magnetic layer and is nearly independent of the thickness of hard magnetic layer. On the other hand, the remanence increases upon reducing the angle enclosed by the saturation magnetization and the easy axis directions of soft magnetic layer. However, it is unsensitive to the easy axis direction of hard magnetic layer, but there exists a maximum remanence for a certain easy axis direction of hard magnetic layer.

Remanence characteristic of nanostructure of hard/soft magnetic multilayered systems with random easy axis orientations

The macroscopic magnetic properties such as remanent magnetization of the ferromagnetic multilayer system with random easy axis orientations is investigated by using a effective micromagnet approach. The multilayer, which alternating soft/hard layers in which their easy axis orientations is random build a nanostructured multilayer, is considered to meet periodic boundary condition, the dependence of remanence on thickness has been analytical derived. Author find that the remancence clearly depends on the thickness of the soft magnetic layer nearly independence of thickness of hard magnetic layer. this analytical results are in excellent agreement with previous numerical results.

Jürgen Remane （1934-2004）

With the passing of Jürgen Remane, the geological institute in the University of Neuchǎtel and geoscience in general, lost a scientist of international reputation, a gifted teacher, and—above all—a good friend.

Magnetic Method Surveying and Its Application for the Concealed Ore-Bodies Prospecting of Laba Porphyry Molybdenum Ore Field in Shangri-La, Northwestern Yunnan Province, China

Recently, a number of large molybdenum (-copper) deposits have been discovered successively in the Laba area, Shangri-La county, northwestern Yunnan province. The investigation confirmed that there is a superlarge porphyry-skarn hydrothermal vein type molybdenum-polymetallic- metallogenic system with the total prediction reservoir of more than 150 mt molybdenum. The porphyry intrusions contributed to the mineralization closely, the superficial little vein molybdenum (-copper, lead, silver) ore-bodies are usually located in faults and fractures, and the deep porphyry type ore-bodies occurred in the granodiorite porphyries, the skarn type ore-bodies occurred in the contact zone intrused into Triassic limestone or Permian basalts. Laba ore block is a new exploration area with great prospecting potential. In order to reduce the target area and guide the further exploration work, the magnetic method measurement about 3.3 square kilometres was carried out in the ore field. This paper presents an application of analyzing the horizontal and vertical derivative, using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) filter (FFT high-pass, low-pass, cosine roll-off, suscepbility), calculated spectra frequency energy to predict the depth and intensity of the apparent remanence magnetization of source (Hilbert). The calculated results and magnetic anomalous show that the remanence anomaly is caused by the intrusions into the Triassic limestone and Permian basalts with small anomalies, and the depth of located source is not great. We have identified a number of positions to the three drilled well, the drilled result specify interpretation with very high accuracy. The magnetic method is helpful to identify porphyry mineralization, and judge the shape and depth of the concealed ore-bearing intrusive bodies under the similar geological condition.

Application of Audio-Magnetotelluric Method for Exploration the Concealed Ore-Bodies in Yuele Lead-Zinc Ore Feild, Daguan County, NE Yunnan Province, China

The results of recent mineral exploration in the Yuele lead-zinc mining area of Daguan County, northeastern Yunnan province, showed that there are much early Paleozoic strata under thick late Paleozoic strata in northeastern Yunnan province, where developed some hidden salt structures (SSs), often with lead-zinc polymetallic mineralization varying degrees along the tension torsional fault (belts) or fracture (joint). The ore-bodies belong to the epigenetic hydrothermal filling vein-type deposit, and the prospecting potential is great. In this area, the superficial mineralization information displayed clear, but the deep mineralization is unknown, so the exploration work is restricted. The audio-megnetotelluric (AMT) surveying is an advantageous method to characterize the size, resistivity and skin depth of the polarizable mineral deposit concealed beneath thick overburden. This paper presents the surveying results using AMT method to evaluate the concealed lead-zinc mineralization in Yuele lead-zinc ore field, Daguancounty, NE Yunnan province, China. After comparing the interpretation result of AMT surveying data with the geological data and the drilling data, it is found that there is some distinct difference in resistivity and polarizable between ore-bodies hosted strata, upper strata and gypsum strata. The results show that AMT method is helpful to identify lead-zinc mineralization under this geological condition.

扬子地块西北缘侏罗纪重磁化及其大地构造意义

造山过程通常伴随着重磁化的广泛发生,因而造山带的重磁化研究有助于厘定其构造定型的时间.为了确定扬子地块西北缘逆冲推覆构造的定型时间,本文对大巴山弧形逆冲带西北端的西乡地区和龙门山逆冲带北段的宁强至广元地区成冰纪—寒武纪多个岩石单元开展了古地磁学、岩石磁学和岩相学研究,揭示出广泛的侏罗纪重磁化作用.样品的退磁特征、岩石磁学和扫描电镜观察结果显示,该重磁化分量为化学剩磁,载磁矿物为自生磁铁矿和赤铁矿,其形成与造山作用引发的流体迁移有关.结合研究区已发表的侏罗纪重磁化数据,大巴山弧形逆冲带和西乡—宁强地区记录了一致的侏罗纪重磁化方向,表明这一带逆冲构造格架的形成不晚于侏罗纪,而广元地区青林乡和陈家坝剖面的重磁化方向相对发生了~60°的逆时针旋转,表明该地区逆冲构造格架的形成晚于侏罗纪,但该区灌县—安县断层以东的近四川盆地区域未受影响,没有发生旋转.

电气化铁路钢轨消磁系统的设计及试验研究

为消除钢轨的异常剩磁,考虑铁路的工作环境,基于永磁体消磁法的原理设计了针对钢轨的永磁体消磁阵列,并通过仿真和试验验证了消磁阵列的可靠性。基于消磁阵列、钢轨结构及铁路环境研制出适用于钢轨的永磁体消磁装置,并进行功能验证试验。试验结果表明:永磁体消磁装置可将钢轨表面磁场从100 Gs降至5 Gs以内,低于机车车感器的感应阈值36 Gs,表明消磁效果达到要求。

星载材料极弱剩磁测量方法研究

为解决科学探测卫星星载材料微弱磁性测量难题,本文提出了一种卫星部件极弱剩磁的测量方法,并研制了测量系统。利用屏蔽技术去除外界磁场干扰,在屏蔽系统内搭建了测量系统,使用零场原子磁力仪采集旋转试件的磁场频谱信息,通过小波多分辨分析方法处理得到试件的磁特征数据。研究表明:本文方法可有效提取极弱剩磁信号,且系统稳定度优于1×10^(-12) T/30 min,磁场分辨率优于1×10^(-12) T,磁矩提取分辨量级可达10^(-6) A·m^(2),为整星磁洁净控制和空间磁场高精度探测提供了途径。

电气化铁路牵引回流对钢轨磁化的影响研究

针对钢轨产生异常剩磁的现象,建立机车牵引回路三维有限元模型,对钢轨磁化原因进行仿真分析。研究结果表明:机车正常运行时,接触线在钢轨处产生的磁场及钢轨之间互相耦合产生的磁场均小于0.05 mT,远小于实地测量的钢轨剩磁10 mT,影响可以忽略不计;机车牵引电流幅值突变时,钢轨表面产生的磁场可达0.66~0.68 T,该磁场大小经等效计算接近自动过分相区地面磁钢的最小磁场大小1.1 T,从而可能导致机车主断路器异常跳变。

胶东地区重磁场特征及地质解释

本文系统统计了山东胶东地区各地层、岩浆岩的磁化率、剩余磁化强度及密度等物性参数特征,从地质、物性两个角度对区域重磁场特征进行了综合分析。研究结果表明:重、磁场总体走向呈NE—NNE,宏观上反映了胶东地区的地层分布、构造格架和岩浆活动;重力场强度变化较大,跨越(-40~40)×10^(-5)m/s^(2)区间,在胶莱盆地南北两侧表现为重力低,盆地内则反映为重力高;磁场以低缓磁场为主,北、中部场强低、变化小,东南部场强高、变化大。胶东地区重磁场特征反映了该区南部、北部岩浆活动较强烈,中部壳层变薄,基底构造以近EW向、局部构造呈NE向,以及较高密度、较强磁性的古老结晶基底呈带、呈块分布的总体格局。

一种卫星功率继电器剩磁补偿方法

卫星使用功率继电器进行锂离子蓄电池的放电控制,实现了卫星的功率隔离和供电安全,但继电器中的磁性材料可能引起卫星剩磁指标超差。文章针对卫星用继电器引起的剩磁超差情况,开展了继电器在不同安装方式下的剩磁测试,分析了测试数据和超差原因,计算得出了继电器剩磁数值,提出了一种继电器剩磁超差的补偿方法,确认了工艺实施的可行性和可靠性,满足了卫星对剩磁指标的要求,可以为卫星用功率继电器剩磁设计提供参考。

基于铷原子系综的等温剩磁检测系统研究

等温剩磁(isothermal remanent magnetization,IRM)是物质磁性测量分析的重要研究内容之一.然而,常用的等温剩磁测量系统因测量灵敏度低、体积庞大且维护成本高等问题无法满足实际使用要求.因此,设计并研制测量精度高且便于使用的小型化等温剩磁检测系统成为必然,其中,基于铷原子系综的磁场测量技术具有灵敏度高、易小型化等优点.利用该磁场检测技术,设计并搭建了等温剩磁检测系统,着重介绍了磁化装置、剩磁检测装置等核心部件的设计方案,并成功地对采自华东师范大学闵行校区樱桃河附近表层土壤进行了检测,实现了该土壤等温剩磁曲线的测量.研究表明,该系统操作容易且便于维护,在环境磁学、地质勘探和生物磁场测量领域有很重要的应用前景。

基于剩磁技术的管道应力解析方法研究

油气管道是国家重要的能源基础设施,管道的受力状态是影响管道安全运行的重要因素。对管道应力的有效检测可以预知管道破坏的风险。以铁磁性材料微观磁学理论为基础,建立应力与材料剩磁场之间的数学模型,分析了剩磁与应力之间的对应关系,对不同应力作用下铁磁性材料的剩磁效应进行了解析。通过有限元软件对应力与剩磁之间的关系进行了仿真分析。结果表明,应力与剩磁信号之间具有线性对应关系,铁磁性材料的磁滞回线随应力增大而偏移,在较低应力范围内,剩余磁场强度随应力增大而增大,之后随应力增大呈线性下降趋势,剩磁随应力的变化趋势存在一个反转点。通过对管道材料进行受力拉伸试验,验证了理论分析的正确性。

基于空间分辨率的钢制管道裂纹剩磁信号检测方法

针对传统漏磁检测(magnetic flux leakage,MFL)技术难以满足钢制油气管道裂纹检测需求,提出一种剩磁检测(residual magnetic flux leakage,RMFL)技术,直接利用漏磁检测后管壁的剩磁状态实现小开口裂纹的有效检测。相较于漏磁信号,剩磁信号信噪比较低,对传感器的采样频率有更高的要求,因此提出一种空间分辨率方法优化剩磁信号采样频率。首先通过有限元仿真建立管道动态磁化模型,提取裂纹特征数据,并分析其分布规律。其次采用频域分析方法,优化剩磁信号采样频率。最终通过实验验证了基于空间分辨率的裂纹剩磁检测方法的有效性。结果表明,基于空间分辨率的剩磁信号与原始信号高度吻合,在信号波形的极点处均有不失真采样点,保存了原始信号的关键特征,为裂纹尺寸的量化提供了重要的数据基础。该技术可实现管道小开口裂纹的有效检测,工程实用的可操作性强,有助于油气管道裂纹内检测技术的进一步发展。

基于直流源充磁的改进选相合闸策略

电力变压器合闸时可能产生的励磁涌流会严重影响电力系统的稳定运行,现有合闸策略下选相合闸的实现受限于控制精度和剩磁测定方法。依据变压器合闸角改变时的励磁电流变化规律,存在一剩磁范围,使变压器在较大的合闸角范围合闸而不出现励磁涌流,利用直流充磁电路配合改进后的控制策略能够使变压器剩磁处于该范围。利用Pscad中的J-A磁滞模型仿真得出剩磁处于额定剩磁的0.7到0.8时,有最大的合闸角范围,利用直流充磁电路充磁0.021 s到0.022 s可以使变压器剩磁处于上述范围。结果表明该方法能够调整变压器铁心剩磁到指定范围,充磁电路无需依据实际调整控制参数,较大范围的合闸角降低了选相合闸的控制精度并且能够有效抑制励磁涌流。

基于数据残留时间的SRAM-PUF预选算法

静态随机存取存储器(Static Random-Access Memory,SRAM)物理不可克隆函数(Physical Unclonable Function,PUF)利用参数设计完全相同的晶体管在制造过程中存在的工艺偏差,生成每块芯片无法克隆的密钥响应.由于SRAM-PUF内部错误分布的随机性,密钥重构需要使用纠错码,而纠错电路的面积与其纠错能力呈正相关,为了降低SRAM-PUF错误分布,减小纠错电路面积,本文通过对SRAM数据残留特性的研究,提出一种数据残留预选算法,对SRAM单元进行筛选,提高PUF响应稳定性,使用区块择优算法筛选SRAM区块,减小响应的分散度,以更短的时间和资源消耗生成SRAM-PUF响应,测试结果表明,在不同温度(-40℃~80℃)和±10%电压波动下,256位SRAM-PUF响应拥有99.8%的稳定性及1.9×10^(-8)的误码率,相对于通用的临时多数表决(Temporal Majority Voting,TMV)算法提升了1.7%的稳定性,降低2.1×10^(5)倍误码率,与1000次TMV相比,时间复杂度从O(2000n)线性降低到O(900n).经过72小时老化测试后,采用数据残留算法预选的SRAM-PUF稳定性仅下降0.2%.

不同纬度地区航磁三分量矢量解释技术应用研究

我国的航磁三分量勘查系统于2017年研制成功,但是利用大面积性航磁三分量数据开展地质解释研究尚处于起步阶段,通过研究认为垂向分量、东向分量和北向分量数据需要进行化极,虽然相关文献和教材开展了航磁三分量中三个分量的化极理论公式的推导但并不是最终结果,本文经过深入的理论公式推导首次获得了三个分量的化极理论公式,同时将化极后的三个分量数据得到的磁异常总强度矢量数据的相关意义进行了深入分析,得出磁异常总强度矢量图可以较好地指向磁性地质体的赋存位置,在此基础上设计了单一异常体的简单模型和4个异常体的复杂模型开展理论分析,对不同纬度的三个分量数据化极效果进行了分析,得出虽然在低纬度地区三个分量的化极效果并不理想,但是所绘制的磁异常总强度矢量箭头图却可以不受低纬度化极效果不好的影响,在纬度1°-90°的三个分量数据经过化极后绘制的磁异常总强度矢量箭头总能指向磁性地质体,而且汇聚的矢量箭头的位置还可以反映地质体的埋藏深度,然后将该思路应用于中国北部某地区的航磁三分量数据,所绘制的磁异常总强度矢量箭头图出现了指上和指下的现象,通过研究认为箭头图指上的现象是由于该区域的磁性地质体存在有剩磁现象,通过对比地质资料并得到了验证。