Influence of Osteopontin Short Hairpin RNA on the Proliferation and Invasion of Human Renal Cancer Cells

The influence of short hairpin RNA(shRNA)-mediated osteopontin(OPN)gene silencing on the proliferation and invasion of human renal cancer ACHN cells was investigated.Four types of OPN shRNA recombinant plasmids were constructed and RT-PCR assays were used to screen the most highly functional shRNA recombinant plasmids,which were transferred into the cultured ACHN cells by LipofectamineTM 2000.The cells transfected by shRNA expression vectors(ACHN/OPN)were visualized under an inverted microscope and screened...

miR-206 Inhibits Renal Cell Cancer Growth by Targeting GAK

Renal cell cancer(RCC)remains one of the most lethal types of cancer in adults.Micro RNAs(mi RNAs)play key roles in the pathogenesis of RCC.The role of mi R-206 in RCC has not been fully understood.The purpose of this study was to examine the role of mi R-206 in the regulation of proliferation and metastasis of RCC and the possible mechanism.mi R-206 expression was detected by reverse transcription?quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)in RCC cell lines(786-O and OS-RC-2 cells)and clinical samples.MTS[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium]method,colony formation and transwell assay were used to detect the tumor-suppressing ability of mi R-206 in RCC.Luciferase assay was performed to verify the precise target of mi R-206.The results showed that the expression of mi R-206 was significantly down-regulated in RCC tissues and cells.The expression level of cyclin G-associated kinase(GAK),a master regulator of tumor proliferation and metastasis,was up-regulated with the decrease in mi R-206 in RCC tissues as well as RCC cell lines.In addition,the mi R-206 inhibitor promoted the proliferation,migration and invasion of 786-O and OS-RC-2 cells.Bioinformatics combined with luciferase and Western blot assays revealed that mi R-206 inhibited the expression of GAK.Moreover,mi R-206 regulates RCC cell growth partly through targeting GAK.Our study indicated that mi R-206 functions as a tumor suppressor in regulating the proliferation,migration and invasion of RCC by directly targeting GAK,and it holds promises as a potential therapeutic target for RCC.

Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 suppresses renal cell cancer proliferation and metastasis by regulating the miR-200c-SCD axis

Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2(TET2)acts as an antioncogene that is investigated in different cancers.But the effects of TET2 in renal cell cancer(RCC)is still known little.Here,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),Western blot,and immunofluorescence were performed to exam gene and protein expression.Cell proliferation was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8).Transwell assay was performed to detect cell metastasis viability.Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell cycle and cell apoptosis.The effects of TET2 on RCC growth in vivo was analyzed using a mouse xenograft model.We found that TET2 and miR-200c were decreased in RCC tissues,and hypermethylation of miR-200c promoter was found.Overexpression of TET2 promoted miR-200c expression by reducing miR-200c promoter methylation.Additionally,overexpression of TET2 or miR-200c suppressed cell growth and metastasis.Also,knockdown of miR-200c could moderate TET2 mediated cell growth inhibition.Furthermore,we found miR-200c directly regulates Stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)gene expression.Moreover,in vivo experiment results confirmed that TET2 inhibited tumor growth.In conclusion,TET2 acts as an antioncogene in RCC by regulating the miR-200c-SCD axis and providing a potential target for RCC diagnosis and treatment.

Concurrent renal cell carcinoma and hematologic malignancies: Nine case reports

BACKGROUND The presence of renal cell carcinoma(RCC)and hematologic malignancies(HM)in the same patient is rarely observed.Three primary findings have been described in these patients,including male gender and lymphoid malignancy predominance,and the HM are usually diagnosed before or simultaneously with the RCC.There is a lack of evidence about clinical outcomes in this setting.We report the common characteristics of 9 patients diagnosed with concurrent RCC and HM and their clinical course and response to treatment.CASE SUMMARY Four(44%)patients were diagnosed with RCC prior to the HM,the diagnosis was simultaneous in 4(44%)patients,and 1(11%)patient was diagnosed with the HM prior to the RCC.No patients were treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation between the diagnosis of RCC and HM.Several unique features were seen in our case series,such as 3 simultaneous cancers in 1(11%)patient,a splenectomy leading to remission of diffuse large B cell lymphoma without the use of chemotherapy in 1(11%)patient,chemotherapy and rituximab for lymphoma resulting in a complete response in primary RCC in 1(11%)patient,and immunotherapy providing an excellent response for primary renal leiomyosarcoma in 1(11%)patient.CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential role of immune system dysregulation in patients with the diagnosis of RCC and HM whereby the first malignancy predisposes to the second through an immunomodulatory effect.HM have the potential of being confused with lymph node metastasis from kidney cancer.Lymph node biopsy may be necessary at the time of initial diagnosis or in cases of mixed response to therapy.Long-term medical surveillance is warranted when a patient is diagnosed with RCC or HM.Clinicians should be aware of the higher prevalence of male gender and lymphoid malignancy with concurrent RCC and HM and that either of these conditions may be diagnosed first or they may be diagnosed simultaneously.

A Case Report: Metastasis of Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer in Morrison’s Pouch as Differential Diagnosis to Exophytic Kidney Tumor

A 62-year-old woman with a history of curatively treated mucinous ovarian cancer, presented with dyspnea, anorexia and right-upper-quadrant pain at consultation with her general practitioner. A CT scan revealed several lymph node metastases in lungs and abdomen as well as a tumor in Morrison’s pouch and biopsy revealed renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, she was referred to Department of Urology. The multidisciplinary team could not immediately reject that there could be an exophytic tumor in the right kidney but discrepancy between histology and imaging, led to several biopsies including laparoscopic procedure. Re-examination of the primary ovarian cancer showed that one percent was classified as clear cell carcinoma. The final diagnose was metastatic clear cell ovarian carcinoma. The patient was terminal and suffered of cachexia and pleural effusion. The patient deceased four months after first consultation.

Comparative Effectiveness of Median Sternotomy vs Minimal Access Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Circulatory Arrest for Resection of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Inferior Vena Caval Extension

Introduction: The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is an adjunctive surgical technique that can be employed for the resection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous thrombus extension superior to the level of the hepatic veins. Median Sternotomy (MS) or Minimal Access (MA) incisions may be used to establish CPB during the resection of these extensive tumors. We review our experience with both incisional approaches and compareoperative details, perioperative complications, and recurrence free survival. Materials and Methods: From 1986 to 2012, 70 radical nephrectomies with concomitant inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomies were performed at our institution using MS (23 patients) and MA (47 patients) techniques. Preoperative patient characteristics, pathologic data, and organ specific postoperative complications and follow-up data were compared between groups. Estimates of overall and recurrence-free survival were constructed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using log-rank testing. Results: There were no significant differences with respect to patient demographics or preoperative comorbid conditions between the MA and MS groups. The MA group showed a significant reduction (p 0.05) in the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, length of stay, operative time, and number of blood transfusions compared to MS patients. Overall and organ-system specific complications demonstrated a decreased incidence of wound infection (37.9% v. 12.5%, p = 0.0135) and sepsis (14.3% v. 0%, p = 0.0137) in patients undergoing MA approach. Perioperative mortality was significantly reduced in the MA group (30.4% v. 8.5% p = 0.0179). Recurrence-free survival in the MS group was 0.59 years and 1.2 years in the MA group (p = 0.06). Conclusions: Minimal access surgical approaches for CPB and DHCA during the resection of RCC with extensive tumor thrombus provide similar oncologic control with decreased duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay and infection related complications. Our findings suggest that MA techniques provide significant advantages over MS.

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase protein expression in renal cell cancer

Objective: To understand the function of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) protein as tumor biomarker in renal carcinoma. Methods: Recombinant NNMT protein was used to prepare monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technique. The diagnostic and prognostic function of NNMT protein in renal carcinoma was evaluated by analyzing 74 renal cancer tissues through immunohistochemical staining for NNMT by using the prepared antibodies. Results: Two hybridomas named 2F8 and 1E7 stably secreting the monoclonal antibodies were isolated successfully, and characters such as isotypes and specificity were determined. NNMT protein was significantly up-regulated in renal cancer and significantly associated with tumor histology and ages. The univariate survival analysis demonstrated that the pT-status, high levels of NNMT, and distant metastasis were significant prognosticators. Conclusion: NNMT is over-expressed in a large proportion in renal cell cancers. High NNMT expression is significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. However, the prognostic value of NNMT needs further verification in larger sample sizes.