TGF-beta1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Thoracic Irradiation: Modulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the Lung Tissue

To investigate the effects of TGF-β1 on the two gelatinases （MMP-2 and MMP-9）, and their roles in lung remodeling after irradiation-induced lung injury. Expressions of TGF-β1 were measured with western blot, and expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed with zymography in a TGF-β1 transgenic mouse model after thoracic irradiation with 12 Gy. We found expressions of TGF-β1 in the lung from the transgenic mice were three folds as compared to those from control mice. With densitometrical analysis, we found a significant decrease in MMP-9 activity in lung homogenates from the transgenic mice as compared with those from non-transgenic control mice 8 weeks after sham-irradiation （relative MMP-9 activity： C： 1. 000±0. 1091; TG： 0. 4772±0. 470 （n=8, P〈0.05）. But MMP-2 was constitutively expressed in the lung homogenates from the transgenic mice as compared to those from control mice 8 weeks after sham-irradiation （relative MMP-2 activity 8 weeks after sham-irradiation： C： 1. 000±0. 1556, TG： 1. 0075±0. 1472）. Eight weeks after thoracic irradiation with 12 Gy, we observed a significant increase of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in lung homogenates from both transgenic and normal mice. In TGF-β1 transgenic mice relative MMP-9 activity was increased to 1. 5321±0. 2217 folds 8 weeks after thoracic irradiation with 12 Gy as compared to those after sham-irradiation （1. 000±0. 2153）, and relative MMP-2 activity was increased to 1. 7142 ± 0. 4231 folds. Our results show that TGF-β1 itself down-regulates activity of MMP-9, thereby decreases ECM degradation in lungs of TGF-β1 transgenic mice. Also we find that ionizing irradiation upregulates both MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Over-expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 after lung irradiation are involved in the inflammatory response associated with radiation-induced lung injury, and maybe further in radiation-induced lung fibrosis.

EFFECTS OF TGF-β_1 ON CELLULAR PROLIFERATION ANDEXPRESSION OF TYPE Ⅲ COLLAGEN BY CULTURED RATRENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROBLASTS

Objective To investigate the effects of TGF- β1 on proliferation and type N collagen mRNAexpression of rat renal interstitial libroblasts in vitro for elucidating the role of fibroblasts in renal interstitialfibrosis. Methods The cells were cultured in media containing various concentrations of TGF- β1. Theproliferation and the type Ⅲ collagen mRNA expression of the cells were assayed with MTT method andRT- PCR respectively. Results TGF- β1, has a stimulating proliferation effect with dose- dependence and aincreasing expression of type Ⅲ collagen mRNA with both dose- and time- dependence to the renal fibroblasts. Conclusion It is suggested that TGF- β, is involved in proliferation of renal fibroblasts and their type Ⅲcollagen mRNA expression, and may play an important role in renal interstitial fibrosis.

Study on the Expression and Significance of TGF-β1, p-ERK1/2and K-ras in Colorectal Cancer Using Tissue Microarray Technique

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the expression and significance of transforming growth factor β1（TGF-β1）,extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 （ERK1/2）, and K-ras in colorectal cancer （CRC） using tissue microarray technology.METHODS The expressions of TGF-β1, ERK1/2, and K-ras in colon cancer cells taken from the specimens of 92 CRC patients （stage Ⅰ： 16 cases, stage Ⅱ： 28 cases, stage Ⅲ： 24 cases, and stage Ⅳ：24 cases） were analyzed using tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemistry, and compared with those of 20 normal colon tissue samples.RESULTS High immunoreactive scores （IRS） of TGF-β1,p-ERK1/2, and K-ras protein in CRC were obtained, which were 66.3% （61/92）, 59.8% （55/92）, and 48.9% （45/92）, respectively, and those in normal epithelial cells of colon were 10% （2/20）, 20% （4/20）, and 30% （6/20）, respectively （P 〈 0.05）. The expressions of TGF-β1 and ERK1/2 in CRC at stage Ⅰwere 37.5% and 31.3%,respectively, and those in CRC at stage Ⅳ were 83.3% and79.3%, respectively, with statistically significant differences. No significant relationship was found between K-ras expression and tumor stages （P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION High level expressions of TGF-β1 and ERK1/2 are closely related to the clinical stages of colon cancer and crosstalk may exist between the 2 signal pathways.

血清TGF-β_1、MMP-9/TIMP-1在不同分期慢性肾衰竭患者的表达

目的探讨慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者不同分期血清转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)表达状况及其与肾脏纤维化的关系。方法60例CRF患者按估计肾小球滤过率(eG-FR)的不同被分为:第3期10例(eGFR30-59ml/min),第4期21例(eGFR15-29ml/min),第5期29例(eGFR<15ml/min),采用ELISA法检测不同分期的CRF患者和20例正常对照组血清TGF-β1、MMP-9及TIMP-1水平,分析这些指标与肾功能之间的相关性。结果TGF-β1在CRF组与对照组并没有统计学差异。MMP-9、TIMP-1在CRF组明显升高,MMP-9/TIMP-1比值则明显降低。随着eGFR的下降,MMP-9、TIMP-1呈同向性降低,而MMP-9/TIMP-1比值却逐渐升高。相关性分析显示,TIMP-1与血清肌酐(SCr)、eGFR分别呈负相关和正相关(r=-0.625,0.638,均P<0.001);MMP-9/TIMP-1比值与SCr、eGFR分别呈正相关和负相关(r=0.505,-0.516,均P<0.001)。结论血清MMP-9、TIMP-1参与了CRF的进展,血清TIMP-1水平或MMP-9/TIMP-1比值能较好地反映肾脏纤维化的程度。

Role of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

In order to investigate the effects of connective tissue growth factor （CTGF） antisense oligodeoxynucleotide （ODN） on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAI-1） expression in renal tubular cells induced by transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） and to explore the role of CTGF in the degradation of renal extracellular matrix （ECM）, a human proximal tubular epithelial cell line （HKC） was cultured in vitro. Cationic lipid-mediated CTGF antisense ODN was transfected into HKC. After HKC were stimulated with TGF-β1 （5 μg/L）, the mRNA level of PAI-1 was detected by RT-PCR. Intracellular PAI-1 protein synthesis was assessed by flow cytometry. The secreted PAI-1 in the media was determined by Western blot. The results showed that TGF-β1 could induce tubular CTGF and PAI-1 mRNA expression. The PAI-1 mRNA expression induced by TGF-β1 was significantly inhibited by CTGF antisense ODN. CTGF antisense ODN also inhibited intracellular PAI-1 protein synthesis and lowered the levels of PAI-1 protein secreted into the media. It was concluded that CTGF might play a crucial role in the degradation of excessive ECM during tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and blocking the biological effect of CTGF may he a novel way in preventing renal fibrosis.

Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in Rats and Its Pathogenic Role

Summary： In order to explore the role of connective tissue growth factor （CTGF） in the pathogenesis of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operated and unilateral ureteral obstruction （UUO） group. On the postoperative day 1, 3, 7 and 14, the rats were killed and the kidneys were removed. The renal tubulointerstitial injury index was evaluated according to the MASSON staining. The mRNA levels of CTGF, transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1）. collagen [ （col I ）, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAI 1） were detected using rexerse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction （RT PCR）. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluale the protein expression of the above factors, and the relations among them were analyzed. Quantitative expression of CTGF protein in the kidneys was also assessed using Western blot. The results showed that TGF-β1 mRNA level was increased at first day after UUO, followed by a marked elevation of CTGF mRNA level, which began to increase 3 days after UUO （P〈0.01）. With the progression of the disease, the mRNA expression of CTGF, col I and PAI-1 was increased progressively. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the CTGF protein expression was significantly increased in fibrotic areas and tubular epithelial cells 3 days after UUO. On the post-UUO day 7, the protein level of CTGF was positively related to the renal tubulointerstitial injury index （r =0.62, P〈0.01）, the expression of TGF-β1 （r=0.85, P〈0.01）, colI （r=0.78, P〈0.01）, and PAI-1（r=0.76, P〈0.01）. Upon Western blot analysis, CTGF protein expression began to increase 3 days after UUO, and appeared progressively throughout the time course （P〈0.01, as compared with sham-operated group）. It is concluded that CTGF can be induced by TGF-β and mediate various profibrotic actions of this cytokine, such as increasing extracellular matrix （ECM） synthesis and decreasing ECM degradation. The increased expression of CTGF may play a crucial role in the development and progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

Ganoderic acid A ameliorates renalfibrosis by suppressing the expression of NPC1L1

Objective: The study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of Ganoderic acid A (GAA) in renal fibrosisand to verify that GAA can ameliorate renal fibrosis by regulating the Niemann-pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) gene. Methods:Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) was used to treat Human Kidney-2 (HK-2) cells to establish a renal fibrosismodel. The differentially expressed genes in the control (CTRL) group, TGF-β1 group, and TGF-β1 + GAA group werescreened via transcriptome sequencing technology and verified by qPCR and Western blot experiments. The NPC1L1gene overexpression plasmid was constructed. The expression levels of N-cad, E-cad, and Slug-related proteins inCTRL, TGF-β1, TGF-β1+GAA (25 μg/mL), and TGF-β1+GAA (25 μg/mL) + NPC1L1 Overexpression (OE) groupswere detected by qPCR and Western blot analysis. Western blot analysis was used to identify the extracellular matrixassociated proteins Tenascin-C, α-SMA, and fibrosis-related protein Collagen I. Fibrosis marker protein Fibronectinwas detected and quantified by immunofluorescence. Results: Transcriptomic sequencing revealed that TGF-β1stimulation led to 267 differentially regulated genes, with 118 up-regulated and 149 down-regulated, while furthermodulation of 213 genes, comprising 112 up-regulated and 101 down-regulated genes, was observed in the GAAintervention group. The target gene in these processes was found to be NPC1L1 by investigations using GeneOntology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). qPCR and Western blot resultsconfirmed that TGF-β1 increased NPC1L1 expression, which was attenuated by GAA. Additionally, TGF-β1upregulated N-cad and Slug. However, GAA reversed this effect and NPC1L1 overexpression partially rescued theGAA effect. TGF-β1 also decreased E-cad expression, reversed by GAA, and NPC1L1 overexpression antagonized thisreversal. Furthermore, TGF-β1 promoted Collagen I, α-SMA, and Tenascin-C expression, and GAA reduced theselevels, effects that were reversed by NPC1L1 overexpression. Immunofluorescence results showed that TGF-β1increased fibronectin expression, which was decreased by GAA, and increased by NPC1L1 overexpression.Conclusion: GAA ameliorates renal fibrosis by antagonizing NPC1L1 gene expression inhibiting epithelialmesenchymal transition and reducing extracellular matrix formation.

Niaoduqing granules inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells

Objective Chronic renal failure(CRF)is a worldwide public health burden.Niaoduqing granules(NDQ)is widely used for CRF treatment in China.However,the underlying mechanism of NDQ is not fully studied.This study is aimed to investigate whether NDQ ameliorate CRF by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced EMT in human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells.Methods 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylterazolium bromide assay and colony formation assay were used to investigate the cytotoxicity of NDQ in HK-2 cells.Morphological changes of HK-2 cells after TGF-β1 or/and NDQ treatment were observed under a microscope.Wound-healing,migration and invasion assays were performed to determine the cell movement,migratory and invasive abilities,respectively.Western blot analysis was carried out to examine the protein levels of TGF-βreceptor I(TβRI)and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated factors.Fluorescence confocal microscopy was applied to observe the organization of filamentous actin.Results NDQ suppressed TβRI expression dose-dependently.NDQ inhibited TGF-β1-stimulated EMT in HK-2 cells,supported by the evidences that NDQ prevented morphology change,attenuated cell migration and invasion,downregulated EMT factors and reorganized filamentous actin distribution in TGF-β1-stimulated HK-2 cells.Conclusions NDQ attenuates chronic renal failure which may be associated with inhibition of TβRI expression and EMT process.

水飞蓟素对肾小管间质纤维化大鼠转化生长因子-β_1 mRNA和金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1 mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨水飞蓟素对肾小管间质纤维化大鼠肾脏病理、肾组织Ⅲ型胶原蛋白及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)mRNA和金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1(TIMP-1)mRNA表达的影响。方法 SD大鼠72只随机分为假手术组、模型组和治疗组,每组24只。行单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)术诱导肾小管间质纤维化模型。治疗组大鼠给予30 mg.kg-1水飞蓟素,模型组及假手术组给予生理盐水灌胃。分别于UUO术后第7、14、21天各组随机处死8只大鼠,光镜下观察肾组织的病理改变,免疫组织化学法评价肾组织Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的表达,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测各组肾组织TGF-β1mRNA及TIMP-1 mRNA的表达水平。结果各时间点肾小管间质损伤和肾组织Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达量在治疗组和模型组均较假手术组明显增多(P均<0.01),治疗组较模型组则明显减轻(P均<0.05)。各时间点治疗组和模型组肾脏TGF-β1mRNA和TIMP-1 mRNA表达量明显高于假手术组(P均<0.01),治疗组则明显低于模型组(P均<0.05)。UUO大鼠肾间质中TGF-β1mRNA、TIMP-1 mRNA表达量与肾小管间质损伤评分均呈正相关(r=0.915、0.838、P均<0.01)。TGF-β1mRNA、TIMP-1 mRNA表达量与肾组织Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达量均呈正相关(r=0.833、0.786、P均<0.01)。结论在UUO大鼠模型中,水飞蓟素通过下调TGF-β1mRNA、TIMP-1 mRNA的表达,减少Ⅲ型胶原的产生,从而发挥延缓肾间质纤维化的作用。

肾清饮对腺嘌呤致肾间质纤维化大鼠肾脏TGF-β1及TIMP-1表达的影响

目的探讨肾清饮抑制肾间质纤维化的可能机制。方法采用腺嘌呤灌胃法建立大鼠肾间质纤维化动物模型,并给予肾清饮和盐酸苯那普利干预治疗,作肾脏病理学检查,并以免疫组化和RT-PCR方法分别检测大鼠肾脏转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1(TIMP-1)的表达。结果各肾清饮干预组肾组织肾间质纤维化程度轻于模型对照组,免疫组化和RT-PCR检测的肾脏TGF-β1、TIMP-1的表达量均少于模型对照组(P<0.05)。结论肾清饮可通过减少肾组织TGF-β1、TIMP-1的表达,抑制肾间质纤维化的进展。

转化生长因子β_1诱导人肾小管上皮细胞表达结缔组织生长因子

目的 研究转化生长因子 β1(transforminggrowthfactorβ1,TGFβ1)对人肾小管上皮细胞 (humanproximaltubularep ithelialcells ,HTECs)表达结缔组织生长因子 (connectivetissuegrowthfactor ,CTGF)的影响。方法 体外培养的HTEC被根据随机数字表分为 3组 :对照组 (C组 ) :无血清培养基 (freeserummedium ,FSM)培养 ;TGFβ1a和TGFβ1b组 (Ta 组和Tb 组 ) :分别用含不同浓度TGFβ1(Ta 组 :2 0ng/ml,Tb 组 :40ng/ml)的FSM培养 ,96h后 ,分别用RT PCR和免疫组化方法检测HTEC表达CT GFmRNA和蛋白。结果 ①C组 :CTGFmRNA和蛋白表达为阴性 ;②Tb 组和Ta 组 :CTGFmRNA和蛋白表达皆呈阳性。Tb 组和Ta 组相比 ,CTGF的mRNA和蛋白表达量皆显著增加 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 TGFβ1能呈剂量依赖性地诱导HTEC合成CTGF。

Influence of ginsenoside Rg1, a panaxatriol saponin from Panax notoginseng, on renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction

Total saponins of Panax notoginseng （PNS） have been shown to ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis. Ginsenoside Rg 1, a panaxatriol saponin, is one of the major active molecules from PNS. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rgl on renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction （UUO）. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： sham-operation （n=15）, UUO （n=15） and UUO with ginsenoside Rgl treatment （n=15, 50 mg per kg body weight, intraperitoneally （i.p.） injected）. The rats were sacrificed on Days 7 and 14 after the surgery. Histological examination demonstrated that ginsenoside Rgl significantly inhibited interstitial fibrosis including tubular injury as well as collagen deposition, u-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and E-cadherin are two markers of tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transition （TEMT）. Interestingly, ginsenoside Rgl notably decreased α-SMA expression and simultaneously enhanced E-cadherin expression. The messenger RNA （mRNA） of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, a key mediator to regulate TEMT, in the obstructed kidney increased dramatically, but was found to decrease significantly after administration of ginsenoside Rg 1. Further study showed that ginsenoside Rgl considerably decreased the levels of both active TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2 （pSmad2）. Moreover, ginsenoside Rgl substantially suppressed the expression of thrombospondin-1 （TSP-1）, a cytokine which can promote the transcription of TGF-β1 mRNA and the activation of latent TGF-β1. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rgl inhibits renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with UUO. The mechanism might be partly related to the blocking of TEMT via suppressing the expression of TSP-1.

吡格列酮联合替米沙坦对糖尿病肾病患者血清TGF-β_(1)、MMP-9、TIMP-1水平及肾功能的影响

目的观察吡格列酮联合替米沙坦对糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清转化生长因子-β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)水平及肾功能的影响。方法选择2018年8月-2019年8月于广州市白云区人民医院治疗的DN患者98例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各49例。2组均给予综合治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予替米沙坦治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用吡格列酮治疗。比较2组治疗前后血清TGF-β_(1)、MMP-9、TIMP-1水平及肾功能。结果治疗后,2组TGF-β_(1)及TIMP-1水平均低于治疗前,MMP-9水平均高于治疗前,且观察组变化幅度大于对照组(P <0.05)。治疗后,2组SCr、BUN及UAER均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P <0.01)。结论吡格列酮联合替米沙坦可改善DN患者肾组织细胞外基质代谢,改善肾功能,值得临床推广应用。

Effect of resveratrol on the expression of Timp-1mRNA,BAX and Wnt4 protein in rats with renal failure

Objective:To investigate the effect of resveratrol on the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA, Bax and Wnt-4 protein in kidney of rats with renal failure.Methods: Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into control group (group A), model group (group B), losartan group (group C), low-dose resveratrol group (group D) and high-dose resveratrol group (group E), with 14 rats in each group. Except for the blank control group, the rats in the other groups were given adenine intragastric administration to make chronic renal failure rat models. After successful modeling, the rats in losartan group, low-dose resveratrol group and high-dose resveratrol group were given losartan and resveratrol respectively. HE staining was used to observe the morphological structure of renal tissue cells of rats in each group. The expressions of TIMP-1 mRNA, Bax mRNA, Bax protein and Wnt4 protein were detected and compared.Results: HE staining showed that there were significant pathological changes in the kidney tissues of rats in group B, while those in group C, D and E were significantly improved compared with those in model group. The levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen in group B were significantly higher than those in group A and albumin were significantly lower than those in group A, while the levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen in group C, D and E were significantly lower than those in group B and albumin was significantly higher than those in group B. The expression levels of TIMP-1 gene and Bax gene mRNA in kidney of rats in group B were significantly increased, and the expression levels of Bax and Wnt protein were also significantly increased. The expression levels of TIMP-1 gene, Bax gene mRNA and Bax and Wnt protein in kidney of rats in group C, D and E were significantly lower than those of rats in group B, with the greatest decrease in group D. The difference between group E and group D, group C and group D were not significant.Conclusion:Low dose resveratrol can alleviate renal fibrosis damage, inhibit apoptosis and protect kidney by inhibiting the expression of timp-1, Bax gene and Wtn4 protein, thus delaying the progression of chronic renal failure.

氧化苦参碱对慢性肾脏病患者血清MMP-9和TIMP-1的影响

目的观察氧化苦参碱对慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)的影响,探讨其在肾间质纤维化发生发展过程中的作用和治疗价值。方法选取健康对照者10例、慢性肾脏病患者40例,根据肾小球滤过率(GFR)分为轻度肾损害组(GFR<90 mL/min.1.73 m2,CKDⅠ)和中、重度肾损害组(GFR<60 mL/min.1.73 m2,CKDⅡ),再分层随机抽样,分为常规治疗组和氧化苦参碱组。利用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法分别检测各组治疗前后血清MMP-9和TIMP-1含量,采用t检验比较两组MMP-9和TIMP-1水平的差异。结果经氧化苦参碱干预后,TIMP-1水平显著低于常规治疗组,而MMP-9水平则显著高于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。结论氧化苦参碱可下调TIMP-1水平,恢复MMP-9水平,保持MMP-9/TIMP-1平衡,减少细胞外基质(ECM)沉积,防止肾间质纤维化。

缬沙坦联合前列地尔治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的疗效及对肾功能、血流变学、t-PA和PAI-1的影响

目的探究缬沙坦联合前列地尔治疗慢性肾小球肾炎(CGN)的临床疗效及对患者肾功能、血流变学指标、血清组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)的影响。方法选取东海县人民医院2015年1月至2016年12月收治的80例CGN患者,并依据治疗方式的不同分为观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。观察组采取缬沙坦联合前列地尔疗法,对照组仅给予缬沙坦治疗。两组均以4周为一个疗程,且连续治疗两个疗程。评价两组患者临床疗效,测定并比较两组患者治疗前后肾功能、血流变学及t-PA、PAI-1等水平。结果观察组患者的治疗总有效率为92.5%,明显高于对照组的75.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的尿蛋白量(Upro)水平为(1.02±0.36)g/24 h,血肌酐(SCr)水平为(135.45±31.45)μmol/L,尿素氮(BUN)水平为(10.72±2.98)mmol/L,尿红细胞计数为(16.34±6.98)个/HP,对照组分别为(1.45±0.34)g/24 h、(168.76±29.46)μmol/L、(12.12±3.12)mmol/L、(26.92±9.59)个/HP,均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗后,观察组患者的全血高切黏度为(3.23±1.27)mPa·s,全血低切黏度为(7.51±1.55)mPa·s,t-PA水平为(5.64±1.07)μmol/L,PAI-1水平为(27.65±4.60)μmol/L,对照组分别为(3.98±1.41)mPa·s、(8.47±1.62)mPa·s、(4.43±1.02)μmol/L、(38.74±5.06)μmol/L,两组均较治疗前显著下降,t-PA水平较治疗前显著升高,且组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论缬沙坦与前列地尔联用治疗CGN,可有效缓解患者肾功能状态,改善其血流速度,平衡机体血清t-PA和PAI-1水平,效果显著。

参芪泄浊饮对腺嘌呤肾间质纤维化模型大鼠肾组织MMP-9、TIMP-1基因表达的影响

目的:观察参芪泄浊饮对慢性肾衰大鼠肾组织基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1(TIMP-1)基因表达的影响。方法:采用Yokozawa法复制慢性肾衰大鼠模型,随机分为参芪泄浊饮高剂量组、常规剂量组、氯沙坦组、模型组及空白组,高剂量组、常规剂量组、氯沙坦组分别予参芪泄浊饮水煎液20 m L/(kg·d)、参芪泄浊饮10 m L/(kg·d)、氯沙坦9 mg/(kg·d),模型组与空白组大鼠均予纯净水10 m L/(kg·d),连续给药8周,全部大鼠麻醉后腹腔采血,取左肾,ELLISA法测量血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)并采用荧光定量PCR检测肾脏MMP-9、TIMP-1 mRNA的表达。结果:1高剂量组Scr水平明显低于常规剂量组、氯沙坦组及模型组;常规剂量组与氯沙坦组无明显差别,且均低于模型组;2高剂量组MMP-9 mRNA表达水平明显高于常规剂量组、氯沙坦组及模型组;常规剂量组与氯沙坦组无明显差别,且均高于模型组;高剂量组TIMP-1 mRNA表达水平明显低于常规剂量组、氯沙坦组及模型组;常规剂量组与氯沙坦组无明显差别,且均低于模型组;3各组ALT水平较空白组比较均无显著差别。结论:参芪泄浊饮可通过调节MMP-9及TIMP-1表达来缓解慢性肾衰肾脏功能的恶化。

MCP-1在IgA肾病患者肾组织中的表达

目的:检测IgA肾病患者肾活检组织中的单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)的表达,并对其表达水平与病变类型进行相关性分析。方法:88例IgA患者肾活检组织,根据病理改变分为轻微病变型、系膜增生型、局灶硬化型和弥漫硬化型4组,免疫组织化学SP法检测MCP-1和CD68在肾组织中的表达,采用图像分析法对其表达进行半定量分析,同时收集患者的一般临床资料。结果:肾小球中MCP-1表达在4组中无统计学差异,而在肾小管间质中MCP-1的表达分别为轻微病变组1.43±0.60、系膜增生组5.98±0.92、局灶硬化型组10.60±0.76、弥漫硬化型组11.65±0.39,局灶硬化型组、弥漫硬化型组明显高于轻微病变组、系膜增生组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);肾小球内几乎未见CD68+细胞;而肾小管间质中CD68的表达在4组中分别为:0.75±0.71,5.87±0.96,10.42±0.61,11.40±0.49,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。MCP-1在肾小管间质内的表达与CD68在肾小管间质中的表达呈正相关(r=0.688,P<0.01);MCP-1在肾小管间质内的表达与24 h尿蛋白量呈明显正相关(r=0.531,P<0.01)。结论:MCP-1对IgA肾病患者肾组织中单核细胞的浸润起重要作用,MCP-1的表达水平与肾脏损害的程度及临床预后相关。

大黄素对糖尿病大鼠肾组织单核细胞趋化蛋白-1表达的影响

目的探讨大黄素对糖尿病大鼠肾组织单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)表达的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病对照组、糖尿病大黄素治疗组,经大黄素治疗糖尿病大鼠2,4和8周后,分别观察大鼠血肌酐及24 h尿蛋白定量,以及肾脏MCP-1表达的变化。结果与正常对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠的24 h尿蛋白以及肾组织MCP-1表达显著增加,经大黄素治疗后上述指标在一定程度上有所减轻。结论糖尿病时MCP-1表达增加,大黄素可能通过抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏MCP-1表达而达到延缓糖尿病肾病的进展。

人参皂苷Rh1对UUO大鼠肾纤维化的抑制作用

目的:观察并探讨人参皂苷Rh1(G-Rh1)对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠肾纤维化的抑制作用及其机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠40只,分为假手术组(sham组)、UUO组、G-Rh1低剂量组和G-Rh1高剂量组。手术后第2天开始,G-Rh1低剂量组和G-Rh1高剂量组分别每日灌胃50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg G-Rh1,连续2周。给药2周后,收集24 h尿测定尿蛋白,收集血清测定血清肌酐(SCr)和血尿素氮(BUN)。HE染色观察肾组织病理变化并对肾组织损伤程度评分。利用免疫组化和Western blot法观察肾组织中转化生长因子β_1(TGF-β_1)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的表达。结果:肾功能检测显示,各组大鼠24 h尿蛋白定量的差异无统计学显著性。UUO组BUN和SCr明显高于sham组(P <0. 05),G-Rh1低剂量组和G-Rh1高剂量组BUN和SCr明显低于UUO组(P <0. 05),同时G-Rh1高剂量组BUN和SCr低于G-Rh1低剂量组(P <0. 05)。光镜下观察,与sham组比较,UUO组病理改变显著,肾组织损伤明显,G-Rh1低剂量组和G-Rh1高剂量组与UUO组比较,肾损伤明显改善,G-Rh1高剂量组改善程度较G-Rh1低剂量组更显著。肾组织免疫组化显示,与sham组比较,UUO组肾小管及肾间质中TGF-β_1表达明显增多,G-Rh1低剂量组和G-Rh1高剂量组与UUO组比较,TGF-β_1表达明显下降,G-Rh1高剂量组较G-Rh1低剂量组降低更明显。Western blot检测显示,与sham组比较,UUO组Ⅰ型胶原蛋白、α-SMA和CTGF蛋白表达明显增多(P <0. 01),G-Rh1低剂量组和G-Rh1高剂量组与UUO组比较,Ⅰ型胶原蛋白、α-SMA表达明显下降(P <0. 05),G-Rh1高剂量组较G-Rh1低剂量组α-SMA和CTGF蛋白表达明显降低(P <0. 05),而Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达无显著差异。结论:人参皂苷Rh1可缓解UUO大鼠肾组织纤维化,改善肾功能,其主要机制可能是抑制TGF-β_1信号通路中纤维化相关因子的表达。