Antibody-mediated rejection(ABMR) has increasingly emerged as an important cause of allograft loss after intestinal transplantation(ITx). Compelling evidence indicates that donor-specific antibodies can mediate and pr...Antibody-mediated rejection(ABMR) has increasingly emerged as an important cause of allograft loss after intestinal transplantation(ITx). Compelling evidence indicates that donor-specific antibodies can mediate and promote acute and chronic rejection after ITx. However, diagnostic criteria for ABMR after ITx have not been established yet and the mechanisms of antibodymediated graft injury are not well-known. Effective approaches to prevent and treat ABMR are required to improve long-term outcomes of intestine recipients. Clearly, ABMR after ITx has become an important area for research and clinical investigation.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of panel reactive antibody (PRA) examination and PRA clearance on the patient/kidney survival after cadaveric renal transplantation. Method: We reviewed the reco...Objective: To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of panel reactive antibody (PRA) examination and PRA clearance on the patient/kidney survival after cadaveric renal transplantation. Method: We reviewed the records of 1 277 patients who underwent cadaveric renal transplantation with good human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching with the donors from 1978 to 1998. Four hundred and twenty-three patients underwent renal transplantation from 1978 to 1990 without PRA examination made up the first group. The other 854 patients with PRA level examination before the operation from 1991 to 1998 were regarded as the second group. Preoperative plasmaphereses were performed for those with PM levels higher than 30%. The episodes of hyperacute rejection, acute rejection and l-, 3- and 5-year patient/graft survival rate were evaluated. To rule out the interference of different immunosuppressants, we made a comparative study between the recipients with uncorrectable high PRA levels (> 20% ) in the second group and those with reduced PRA levels (< 10% ) by plasmaphere- sis. Results: In the first group, 9 (2.l%) hyperacute rejection and 198 (47%) acute rejection occurred The 1-, 3- and 5-year patient/graft survival rates were 86. 7%/76. 3%, 72. 5%/67. 9% and 87 .0%/81. 6%, respectively. In the second group, no hyperacute rejection happened and acute rejection was occurred in 162 cases (19.0% ), and the l-, 3- and 5year patient/graft survival rates were 97. 3%/95.0%, 92%/84. 2% and 87.0%/81 .6%, much lower than that in the first group. Of the 49 recipients with high PRA levels, 33 had PRA levels below 10% after plasmapheresis, who had a lower incidence of ocute rejection, a higher rate of rejection reversal and a higher graft survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years than the rest 16 cases (PRA > 20% after plasmapheresis). Conclusion: The PRA level examination and PRA clearance are important for the success of renal transplantation. They help eradicate the hyperacute rejection, reduce the risk of acute rejection and improve patient and graft survival.展开更多
Calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs) represent today a cornerstone for the maintenance immunosuppressive treatment in solid organ transplantation. Nevertheless, several attempts have been made either to minimize their dosage ...Calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs) represent today a cornerstone for the maintenance immunosuppressive treatment in solid organ transplantation. Nevertheless, several attempts have been made either to minimize their dosage or to avoid CNIs at all because these drugs have the severe side effect of chronic nephrotoxicity. This issue represents a frontier for renal transplantation. The principal problem is to understanding whether the poor outcome over the long-term may be ascribed to CNIs nephrotoxicity or to the inability of these drugs to control the acute and chronic rejection B cells mediated. The authors analyze extensively all the international trials attempting to withdraw, minimize or avoid the use of CNIs. Few trials undertaken in low risk patients with an early conversion from CNIs to proliferation signal inhibitors were successful, but the vast majority of trials failed to improve CNIs side effects. To date the use of a new drug, a co-stimulation blocker, seems promising in avoiding CNIs with similar efficacy, better glomerular filtration rate and an improved metabolic profile. Moreover the use of this drug is not associated with the development of donorspecific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies. Thispoint has a particular relevance, because the failure of CNIs to realize good outcomes in renal transplantation has recently ascribed to their inability to control the acute and chronic rejections B-cell mediated. This paper analyzes all the recent studies that have been done on this issue that represents the real frontier that should be overcome to realize better results over the long-term after transplantation.展开更多
目的:临床上预存供者特异性抗体(donor specific antibody,DSA)患者术后易发生抗体介导的排斥反应(antibody-mediated rejection,AMR),术后发生并发症和移植失败的风险相对较高。本研究旨在探讨DSA阳性肾移植临床治疗效果并分析术前预...目的:临床上预存供者特异性抗体(donor specific antibody,DSA)患者术后易发生抗体介导的排斥反应(antibody-mediated rejection,AMR),术后发生并发症和移植失败的风险相对较高。本研究旨在探讨DSA阳性肾移植临床治疗效果并分析术前预处理在DSA阳性肾移植中的作用与安全性,为临床DSA阳性肾移植提供单中心治疗经验。方法:回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院肾移植科的15例DSA阳性肾移植患者的临床资料,8例为公民逝世后器官捐献来源(organ donation after citizen’s death,DCD)肾移植受者,其中3例在术前未作脱敏治疗(DCD未处理组,n=3),5例受者在术前使用利妥昔单抗作脱敏治疗(DCD预处理组,n=5);其余7例为亲属活体供者(living related donors,LRD)肾移植受者,术前接受利妥昔单抗和血浆置换脱敏治疗(LRD预处理组,n=7)。收集受者肾功能,DSA水平变化,并发症发生情况,术后1年、3年及5年受者和移植肾存活情况等,并比较3组患者的恢复情况与术后并发症的差异。结果:15例受者术前群体反应性抗体(panel reactive antibody,PRA)与DSA均为阳性,均使用甲强龙+兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白诱导治疗后行肾移植术。DCD未处理组术后均发生DSA水平反弹、移植肾功能延迟恢复(delayed renal graft function,DGF)与排斥反应,通过联合治疗后患者的DSA水平降低,移植肾功能恢复正常;DCD预处理组均未发生抗体反弹,1例受者出现DGF,接受血浆置换治疗后肾功能恢复正常,余4例受者均于术后2周内肾功能恢复至正常;LRD预处理组中2例发生DSA水平反弹,1例出现排斥反应,经治疗后移植肾功能均恢复至正常,DSA维持在低水平。DCD未处理组患者DGF、排斥反应的发生率高于DCD预处理组和LRD预处理组;术后血尿、蛋白尿、细菌真菌感染发生率及BK病毒感染率的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在15例受者中,11例随访1年以上,6例3年以上,1例5年以上,受者和移植肾存活率均为100%。结论:经过有效的术前预处理进行脱敏治疗能够有效预防DSA阳性肾移植抗体反弹,减少围手术期并发症的发生。展开更多
目的 肾脏移植的致敏性是目前临床面临的一大难题，高致敏受者接受移植的机会大大减少，我们对1例高致敏受者肾移植围手术期采用蛋白A免疫吸附疗法配合免疫抑制治疗，观察其临床效果，结合文献评估疗效。方法受者采用蛋白A免疫吸附成功...目的 肾脏移植的致敏性是目前临床面临的一大难题，高致敏受者接受移植的机会大大减少，我们对1例高致敏受者肾移植围手术期采用蛋白A免疫吸附疗法配合免疫抑制治疗，观察其临床效果，结合文献评估疗效。方法受者采用蛋白A免疫吸附成功进行肾移植病例，同时回顾通过国内外文献检索得到的蛋白A免疫吸附治疗肾移植高致敏受者的病例。结果结合我们目前的病例，分析已被报道的66例（国内30例，国外36例）蛋白A免疫吸附治疗肾移植高致敏受者的病例，发现大部分患者采用了蛋白A免疫吸附可以明显降低IgG、IgM、IgA等，PRA从术前30％～100％降低到术后30％以下，65例成功进行了肾移植。结论 Protein A免疫吸附可以清除体内免疫球蛋白疗效明显，结合免疫抑制治疗使肾移植高致敏受者成功接受肾移植，提高移植肾远期存活率。展开更多
基金Supported by The grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81570588
文摘Antibody-mediated rejection(ABMR) has increasingly emerged as an important cause of allograft loss after intestinal transplantation(ITx). Compelling evidence indicates that donor-specific antibodies can mediate and promote acute and chronic rejection after ITx. However, diagnostic criteria for ABMR after ITx have not been established yet and the mechanisms of antibodymediated graft injury are not well-known. Effective approaches to prevent and treat ABMR are required to improve long-term outcomes of intestine recipients. Clearly, ABMR after ITx has become an important area for research and clinical investigation.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of panel reactive antibody (PRA) examination and PRA clearance on the patient/kidney survival after cadaveric renal transplantation. Method: We reviewed the records of 1 277 patients who underwent cadaveric renal transplantation with good human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching with the donors from 1978 to 1998. Four hundred and twenty-three patients underwent renal transplantation from 1978 to 1990 without PRA examination made up the first group. The other 854 patients with PRA level examination before the operation from 1991 to 1998 were regarded as the second group. Preoperative plasmaphereses were performed for those with PM levels higher than 30%. The episodes of hyperacute rejection, acute rejection and l-, 3- and 5-year patient/graft survival rate were evaluated. To rule out the interference of different immunosuppressants, we made a comparative study between the recipients with uncorrectable high PRA levels (> 20% ) in the second group and those with reduced PRA levels (< 10% ) by plasmaphere- sis. Results: In the first group, 9 (2.l%) hyperacute rejection and 198 (47%) acute rejection occurred The 1-, 3- and 5-year patient/graft survival rates were 86. 7%/76. 3%, 72. 5%/67. 9% and 87 .0%/81. 6%, respectively. In the second group, no hyperacute rejection happened and acute rejection was occurred in 162 cases (19.0% ), and the l-, 3- and 5year patient/graft survival rates were 97. 3%/95.0%, 92%/84. 2% and 87.0%/81 .6%, much lower than that in the first group. Of the 49 recipients with high PRA levels, 33 had PRA levels below 10% after plasmapheresis, who had a lower incidence of ocute rejection, a higher rate of rejection reversal and a higher graft survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years than the rest 16 cases (PRA > 20% after plasmapheresis). Conclusion: The PRA level examination and PRA clearance are important for the success of renal transplantation. They help eradicate the hyperacute rejection, reduce the risk of acute rejection and improve patient and graft survival.
文摘Calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs) represent today a cornerstone for the maintenance immunosuppressive treatment in solid organ transplantation. Nevertheless, several attempts have been made either to minimize their dosage or to avoid CNIs at all because these drugs have the severe side effect of chronic nephrotoxicity. This issue represents a frontier for renal transplantation. The principal problem is to understanding whether the poor outcome over the long-term may be ascribed to CNIs nephrotoxicity or to the inability of these drugs to control the acute and chronic rejection B cells mediated. The authors analyze extensively all the international trials attempting to withdraw, minimize or avoid the use of CNIs. Few trials undertaken in low risk patients with an early conversion from CNIs to proliferation signal inhibitors were successful, but the vast majority of trials failed to improve CNIs side effects. To date the use of a new drug, a co-stimulation blocker, seems promising in avoiding CNIs with similar efficacy, better glomerular filtration rate and an improved metabolic profile. Moreover the use of this drug is not associated with the development of donorspecific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies. Thispoint has a particular relevance, because the failure of CNIs to realize good outcomes in renal transplantation has recently ascribed to their inability to control the acute and chronic rejections B-cell mediated. This paper analyzes all the recent studies that have been done on this issue that represents the real frontier that should be overcome to realize better results over the long-term after transplantation.
文摘目的:临床上预存供者特异性抗体(donor specific antibody,DSA)患者术后易发生抗体介导的排斥反应(antibody-mediated rejection,AMR),术后发生并发症和移植失败的风险相对较高。本研究旨在探讨DSA阳性肾移植临床治疗效果并分析术前预处理在DSA阳性肾移植中的作用与安全性,为临床DSA阳性肾移植提供单中心治疗经验。方法:回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院肾移植科的15例DSA阳性肾移植患者的临床资料,8例为公民逝世后器官捐献来源(organ donation after citizen’s death,DCD)肾移植受者,其中3例在术前未作脱敏治疗(DCD未处理组,n=3),5例受者在术前使用利妥昔单抗作脱敏治疗(DCD预处理组,n=5);其余7例为亲属活体供者(living related donors,LRD)肾移植受者,术前接受利妥昔单抗和血浆置换脱敏治疗(LRD预处理组,n=7)。收集受者肾功能,DSA水平变化,并发症发生情况,术后1年、3年及5年受者和移植肾存活情况等,并比较3组患者的恢复情况与术后并发症的差异。结果:15例受者术前群体反应性抗体(panel reactive antibody,PRA)与DSA均为阳性,均使用甲强龙+兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白诱导治疗后行肾移植术。DCD未处理组术后均发生DSA水平反弹、移植肾功能延迟恢复(delayed renal graft function,DGF)与排斥反应,通过联合治疗后患者的DSA水平降低,移植肾功能恢复正常;DCD预处理组均未发生抗体反弹,1例受者出现DGF,接受血浆置换治疗后肾功能恢复正常,余4例受者均于术后2周内肾功能恢复至正常;LRD预处理组中2例发生DSA水平反弹,1例出现排斥反应,经治疗后移植肾功能均恢复至正常,DSA维持在低水平。DCD未处理组患者DGF、排斥反应的发生率高于DCD预处理组和LRD预处理组;术后血尿、蛋白尿、细菌真菌感染发生率及BK病毒感染率的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在15例受者中,11例随访1年以上,6例3年以上,1例5年以上,受者和移植肾存活率均为100%。结论:经过有效的术前预处理进行脱敏治疗能够有效预防DSA阳性肾移植抗体反弹,减少围手术期并发症的发生。
文摘目的 肾脏移植的致敏性是目前临床面临的一大难题，高致敏受者接受移植的机会大大减少，我们对1例高致敏受者肾移植围手术期采用蛋白A免疫吸附疗法配合免疫抑制治疗，观察其临床效果，结合文献评估疗效。方法受者采用蛋白A免疫吸附成功进行肾移植病例，同时回顾通过国内外文献检索得到的蛋白A免疫吸附治疗肾移植高致敏受者的病例。结果结合我们目前的病例，分析已被报道的66例（国内30例，国外36例）蛋白A免疫吸附治疗肾移植高致敏受者的病例，发现大部分患者采用了蛋白A免疫吸附可以明显降低IgG、IgM、IgA等，PRA从术前30％～100％降低到术后30％以下，65例成功进行了肾移植。结论 Protein A免疫吸附可以清除体内免疫球蛋白疗效明显，结合免疫抑制治疗使肾移植高致敏受者成功接受肾移植，提高移植肾远期存活率。
