[Objectives]To explore the mechanism for the attenuate-synergistic effect of Zuota to Renqing Mangjue,a contrasted study on the tissue distribution of Tibetan medicines Renqing Mangjue compatible with Zuota was carrie...[Objectives]To explore the mechanism for the attenuate-synergistic effect of Zuota to Renqing Mangjue,a contrasted study on the tissue distribution of Tibetan medicines Renqing Mangjue compatible with Zuota was carried out. [Methods] The SD rats gastric ulcer model were made successfully,and then respectively were given Renqing Mangjue compatible with Zuota or not according to the dose of 0. 144 g/kg and normal saline by gavage administration,once a day. After 14 d of administration,various organs and tissue were isolated,including brain,heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,jejunum,skeletal muscle,fat,skin,submandibular gland,uterus and ovary( or testicle and epididymis).The LC-MS/MS methods were used for determining the contents of brucine and strychnine in various organs and tissue,and significant difference analysis,main target site analysis and clustering analysis were implemented. [Results]Between the Zuota group and non-Zuota group,there was extremely significant difference in the content of brucine in the liver,kidney,muscle,lung,ovary,and heart( P < 0. 01),significant difference in the jejunum( P < 0. 05),and no significant difference in the epididymis,testis,brain,skin and uterus( P > 0. 05); the content of brucine in the submandibular gland,spleen,liver and ovary increased significantly,but significantly reduced in the kidney,muscle,jejunum,lung and heart. And there was extremely significant difference in the content of strychnine in the liver,kidney,ovary,brain and heart( P < 0. 01),and no significant difference in the uterus( P > 0. 05); the strychnine content increased significantly in the liver,spleen and ovary,and significantly decreased in the kidney,muscle,testis,lung,brain and heart.[Conclusions] Compatibility of Zuota can affect the distribution of brucine and strychnine in some tissue and organs,so as to achieve attenuate-synergistic effect of Zuota to Renqing Mangjue.展开更多
Using daily mean, maximum, and minimum surface air temperature （abbreviated as Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin, respectively） data from CN05.2 and the Met Office Hadley Centre observation data-sets for 1961-2012, the trends i...Using daily mean, maximum, and minimum surface air temperature （abbreviated as Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin, respectively） data from CN05.2 and the Met Office Hadley Centre observation data-sets for 1961-2012, the trends in day-to-day variability of Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin （abbreviated as DVTFmean, DVTTmax, and DVTTmin, respectively） are examined. It is revealed that the annual trends of DVTTmean, DVTTmax, and DVTTmin are all negative in Northeast China （NEC）, and more obvious in North China than in South China. Seasonal trends of DVTTmean are also negative in NEC, except in summer. For DVTTmax, trends are generally more obvious than DVTTmin in all seasons in NEC; moreover, trends in spring are obvious in both the north and the south, but trends in summer and winter are more obvious in the southern region than in the northern part. As far as DVTT-Fmin is concerned, except in autumn, seasonal trends are more obvious in the north than in other regions of the country.展开更多
To explore the influence of intelligent highways and advanced traveler information systems(ATIS)on path choice behavior,a day-to-day(DTD)traffic flow evolution model with information from intelligent highways and ATIS...To explore the influence of intelligent highways and advanced traveler information systems(ATIS)on path choice behavior,a day-to-day(DTD)traffic flow evolution model with information from intelligent highways and ATIS is proposed,whereby the network reliability and experiential learning theory are introduced into the decision process for the travelers’route choice.The intelligent highway serves all the travelers who drive on it,whereas ATIS serves vehicles equipped with information systems.Travelers who drive on intelligent highways or vehicles equipped with ATIS determine their trip routes based on real-time traffic information,whereas other travelers use both the road network conditions from the previous day and historical travel experience to choose a route.Both roadway capacity degradation and travel demand fluctuations are considered to demonstrate the uncertainties in the network.The theory of traffic network flow is developed to build a DTD model considering information from intelligent highway and ATIS.The fixed point theorem is adopted to investigate the equivalence,existence and stability of the proposed DTD model.Numerical examples illustrate that using a high confidence level and weight parameter for the traffic flow reduces the stability of the proposed model.The traffic flow reaches a steady state as travelers’routes shift with repetitive learning of road conditions.The proposed model can be used to formulate scientific traffic organization and diversion schemes during road expansion or reconstruction.展开更多
Background: Changes in the day-to-day variability in the glucose-lowering effect of insulin [fluctuations of blood glucose levels (BG) seen during the same time period] that occur when insulin glargine (glargine) is r...Background: Changes in the day-to-day variability in the glucose-lowering effect of insulin [fluctuations of blood glucose levels (BG) seen during the same time period] that occur when insulin glargine (glargine) is replaced with insulin degludec (degludec) have not been sufficiently evaluated. Subjects: Five diabetics with unstable BG undergoing basal-bolus treatment using insulin glargine as basal insulin. Methods: Basal insulin was changed from glargine to same-dose degludec. The subjects’ HbA1c, glycoalbumin, and 1.5-anhydro-D-glucitol were measured before and after the switchover. Fasting blood glucose concentration (FBG) and predinner blood glucose concentration (PDBG) were measured continuously for 28 days immediately before the switchover, and 28 days immediately thereafter, to compare and evaluate 1) the changes in their mean values and standard deviations (SDs) before and after the switchover, and 2) the frequency of appearance of BG of over 180 mg/dL (BG ≥ 180) and under 70 mg/dL (BG Results: The levels of HbA1c, glycoalbumin, FBG’s mean value, SDs, BG ≥ 180 and BG Conclusion: The possibility was shown that degludec, to a greater extent than glargine, suppressed daily fluctuations of FBG and PDBG, suppressed the occurrence frequency of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and exerted more steady hypoglycemic actions.展开更多
In this study,we aim to assess dynamical downscaling simulations by utilizing a novel bias-corrected global climate model(GCM)data to drive a regional climate model(RCM)over the Asia-western North Pacific region.Three...In this study,we aim to assess dynamical downscaling simulations by utilizing a novel bias-corrected global climate model(GCM)data to drive a regional climate model(RCM)over the Asia-western North Pacific region.Three simulations were conducted with a 25-km grid spacing for the period 1980–2014.The first simulation(WRF_ERA5)was driven by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5(ERA5)dataset and served as the validation dataset.The original GCM dataset(MPI-ESM1-2-HR model)was used to drive the second simulation(WRF_GCM),while the third simulation(WRF_GCMbc)was driven by the bias-corrected GCM dataset.The bias-corrected GCM data has an ERA5-based mean and interannual variance and long-term trends derived from the ensemble mean of 18 CMIP6 models.Results demonstrate that the WRF_GCMbc significantly reduced the root-mean-square errors(RMSEs)of the climatological mean of downscaled variables,including temperature,precipitation,snow,wind,relative humidity,and planetary boundary layer height by 50%–90%compared to the WRF_GCM.Similarly,the RMSEs of interannual-tointerdecadal variances of downscaled variables were reduced by 30%–60%.Furthermore,the WRF_GCMbc better captured the annual cycle of the monsoon circulation and intraseasonal and day-to-day variabilities.The leading empirical orthogonal function(EOF)shows a monopole precipitation mode in the WRF_GCM.In contrast,the WRF_GCMbc successfully reproduced the observed tri-pole mode of summer precipitation over eastern China.This improvement could be attributed to a better-simulated location of the western North Pacific subtropical high in the WRF_GCMbc after GCM bias correction.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Foundation(81173653)Postgraduate Innovation Type of Scientific Research Item of Southwest Minzu University(CX2016SZ043)
文摘[Objectives]To explore the mechanism for the attenuate-synergistic effect of Zuota to Renqing Mangjue,a contrasted study on the tissue distribution of Tibetan medicines Renqing Mangjue compatible with Zuota was carried out. [Methods] The SD rats gastric ulcer model were made successfully,and then respectively were given Renqing Mangjue compatible with Zuota or not according to the dose of 0. 144 g/kg and normal saline by gavage administration,once a day. After 14 d of administration,various organs and tissue were isolated,including brain,heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,jejunum,skeletal muscle,fat,skin,submandibular gland,uterus and ovary( or testicle and epididymis).The LC-MS/MS methods were used for determining the contents of brucine and strychnine in various organs and tissue,and significant difference analysis,main target site analysis and clustering analysis were implemented. [Results]Between the Zuota group and non-Zuota group,there was extremely significant difference in the content of brucine in the liver,kidney,muscle,lung,ovary,and heart( P < 0. 01),significant difference in the jejunum( P < 0. 05),and no significant difference in the epididymis,testis,brain,skin and uterus( P > 0. 05); the content of brucine in the submandibular gland,spleen,liver and ovary increased significantly,but significantly reduced in the kidney,muscle,jejunum,lung and heart. And there was extremely significant difference in the content of strychnine in the liver,kidney,ovary,brain and heart( P < 0. 01),and no significant difference in the uterus( P > 0. 05); the strychnine content increased significantly in the liver,spleen and ovary,and significantly decreased in the kidney,muscle,testis,lung,brain and heart.[Conclusions] Compatibility of Zuota can affect the distribution of brucine and strychnine in some tissue and organs,so as to achieve attenuate-synergistic effect of Zuota to Renqing Mangjue.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41421004 and 41630424]the Science and Technology Development Plan in Jilin Province of China[grant number 20130204053SF]
文摘Using daily mean, maximum, and minimum surface air temperature （abbreviated as Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin, respectively） data from CN05.2 and the Met Office Hadley Centre observation data-sets for 1961-2012, the trends in day-to-day variability of Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin （abbreviated as DVTFmean, DVTTmax, and DVTTmin, respectively） are examined. It is revealed that the annual trends of DVTTmean, DVTTmax, and DVTTmin are all negative in Northeast China （NEC）, and more obvious in North China than in South China. Seasonal trends of DVTTmean are also negative in NEC, except in summer. For DVTTmax, trends are generally more obvious than DVTTmin in all seasons in NEC; moreover, trends in spring are obvious in both the north and the south, but trends in summer and winter are more obvious in the southern region than in the northern part. As far as DVTT-Fmin is concerned, except in autumn, seasonal trends are more obvious in the north than in other regions of the country.
基金Project(71801115)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2021M691311)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProject(111041000000180001210102)supported by the Central Public Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China。
文摘To explore the influence of intelligent highways and advanced traveler information systems(ATIS)on path choice behavior,a day-to-day(DTD)traffic flow evolution model with information from intelligent highways and ATIS is proposed,whereby the network reliability and experiential learning theory are introduced into the decision process for the travelers’route choice.The intelligent highway serves all the travelers who drive on it,whereas ATIS serves vehicles equipped with information systems.Travelers who drive on intelligent highways or vehicles equipped with ATIS determine their trip routes based on real-time traffic information,whereas other travelers use both the road network conditions from the previous day and historical travel experience to choose a route.Both roadway capacity degradation and travel demand fluctuations are considered to demonstrate the uncertainties in the network.The theory of traffic network flow is developed to build a DTD model considering information from intelligent highway and ATIS.The fixed point theorem is adopted to investigate the equivalence,existence and stability of the proposed DTD model.Numerical examples illustrate that using a high confidence level and weight parameter for the traffic flow reduces the stability of the proposed model.The traffic flow reaches a steady state as travelers’routes shift with repetitive learning of road conditions.The proposed model can be used to formulate scientific traffic organization and diversion schemes during road expansion or reconstruction.
文摘Background: Changes in the day-to-day variability in the glucose-lowering effect of insulin [fluctuations of blood glucose levels (BG) seen during the same time period] that occur when insulin glargine (glargine) is replaced with insulin degludec (degludec) have not been sufficiently evaluated. Subjects: Five diabetics with unstable BG undergoing basal-bolus treatment using insulin glargine as basal insulin. Methods: Basal insulin was changed from glargine to same-dose degludec. The subjects’ HbA1c, glycoalbumin, and 1.5-anhydro-D-glucitol were measured before and after the switchover. Fasting blood glucose concentration (FBG) and predinner blood glucose concentration (PDBG) were measured continuously for 28 days immediately before the switchover, and 28 days immediately thereafter, to compare and evaluate 1) the changes in their mean values and standard deviations (SDs) before and after the switchover, and 2) the frequency of appearance of BG of over 180 mg/dL (BG ≥ 180) and under 70 mg/dL (BG Results: The levels of HbA1c, glycoalbumin, FBG’s mean value, SDs, BG ≥ 180 and BG Conclusion: The possibility was shown that degludec, to a greater extent than glargine, suppressed daily fluctuations of FBG and PDBG, suppressed the occurrence frequency of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and exerted more steady hypoglycemic actions.
基金supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42075170)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0802503)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Changea Chinese University Direct Grant(Grant No. 4053331)supported by the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Numerical Simulator Facility”(EarthLab)
文摘In this study,we aim to assess dynamical downscaling simulations by utilizing a novel bias-corrected global climate model(GCM)data to drive a regional climate model(RCM)over the Asia-western North Pacific region.Three simulations were conducted with a 25-km grid spacing for the period 1980–2014.The first simulation(WRF_ERA5)was driven by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5(ERA5)dataset and served as the validation dataset.The original GCM dataset(MPI-ESM1-2-HR model)was used to drive the second simulation(WRF_GCM),while the third simulation(WRF_GCMbc)was driven by the bias-corrected GCM dataset.The bias-corrected GCM data has an ERA5-based mean and interannual variance and long-term trends derived from the ensemble mean of 18 CMIP6 models.Results demonstrate that the WRF_GCMbc significantly reduced the root-mean-square errors(RMSEs)of the climatological mean of downscaled variables,including temperature,precipitation,snow,wind,relative humidity,and planetary boundary layer height by 50%–90%compared to the WRF_GCM.Similarly,the RMSEs of interannual-tointerdecadal variances of downscaled variables were reduced by 30%–60%.Furthermore,the WRF_GCMbc better captured the annual cycle of the monsoon circulation and intraseasonal and day-to-day variabilities.The leading empirical orthogonal function(EOF)shows a monopole precipitation mode in the WRF_GCM.In contrast,the WRF_GCMbc successfully reproduced the observed tri-pole mode of summer precipitation over eastern China.This improvement could be attributed to a better-simulated location of the western North Pacific subtropical high in the WRF_GCMbc after GCM bias correction.
