The Effects of Greenhouse Gases Regulation on Wages and Rents: Policy Issues and General Equilibrium Analysis

The stringency of environmental policy is likely to change the gains of economic agents. Using a general equilibrium model and an assumption that capital-intensive industries tend to be intensive emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG), we find that a stricter GHG emission scheme will reduce the rent for capital owners but increase the wage for workers. This effect could motivate capital owners or workers to oppose or support a stricter GHG policy. The paper also empirically assesses the model’s key assumption by using production input (capital stock and labor), output, and GHG emission data from U.S industrial sectors. The regression result supports a strong positive relationship between the capital-labor ratio and the pollution-output ratio. Therefore, the theoretical analysis is relevant to the actual economy.

A Continuous Downward Trend in Rents and Occupancy in 2009

Hong Kong took the top spot in the ranking of highest occupancy costs in the world,according to the

Identification of the Breach of Short-Term Rental Regulations in Irish Rent Pressure Zones

The housing crisis in Ireland has rapidly grown in recent years. To make a more significant profit, many landlords are no longer renting out their houses under long-term tenancies but under short-term tenancies. Regulating rentals in Rent Pressure Zones with the highest and rising rents is becoming a tricky issue. In this paper, we develop a breach identifier to check short-term rentals located in Rent Pressure Zones with potential breaches only using publicly available data from Airbnb (an online marketplace focused on short-term home-stays) and Irish government websites. First, we use a Residual Neural Network to filter out outdoor landscape photos that negatively impact identifying whether an owner has multiple rentals in a Rent Pressure Zone. Second, a Siamese Neural Network is used to compare the similarity of indoor photos to determine if multiple rental posts correspond to the same residence. Next, we use the Haversine algorithm to locate short-term rentals within a circle centered on the coordinate of a permit. Short-term rentals with a permit will not be restricted. Finally, we improve the occupancy estimation model combined with sentiment analysis, which may provide higher accuracy.

基于多Agent的运输任务系统的研究

运输任务分配是供应链中一个十分重要的问题。将多Agent技术应用于运输任务分配系统,通过多Agent之间的协商完成运输任务的分配,并利用JavaBean技术为Java提供了基于组件的软件开发体系,开发了一个运输任务分配的原型系统。

抑制Rent1表达对HeLa细胞黏附能力的影响

Rent1是无义介导的mRNA降解(NMD)通路中的关键因子之一,通过引导含有提前出现的终止密码子(PTC)的mRNA至P-body,从而引发mRNA降解。为了进一步研究Rent1的生理功能,应用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术抑制Rent1的表达。试验发现,抑制Rent1的表达能够增强HeLa细胞对纤维粘连蛋白的黏附能力,另外,抑制Rent1的表达能够增加整合素基因ITGA2、ITGA3、ITGA6、ITGB5的表达。

一种基于分层Mesh网络的层次化NoC拓扑结构

针对片上网络中距离较远节点之间通信延迟过大的问题,提出一种层次化HDMesh拓扑结构。该拓扑结构采用分层设计,底层网络使用Mesh结构互连进行临近节点通信,顶层网络在Mesh结构的基础上增加2条对角链路以降低通信延迟。为避免顶层网络的拥塞,设计相应的HDXY路由算法,对各层流量进行合理分配。实验结果表明,在Rent流量模式下,相比Mesh,CMesh和CHMesh拓扑结构,HDMesh拓扑结构具有更低的通信延迟和更高的网络吞吐量。

广西德保猪抵抗素基因的克隆与分析

【目的】克隆广西德保猪抵抗素(Resistin,RENT)基因并进行系统生物信息学分析,阐明德保猪脂肪细胞分化与脂肪生成的分子机制。【方法】根据NCBI已公布的猪RENT基因序列(NM_213783.2)设计特异性引物,以从德保猪血液中提取的总RNA为模板,PCR扩增RENT基因序列,T-A克隆至pEASY-T1载体后进行测序分析,并将所得测序结果用BLAST程序、MEGA 5.0软件、EXPASY服务器、SMART程序、SignIP程序、Softberry服务器和DNASTAR软件进行生物信息学分析。【结果】扩增获得468 bp的RENT基因序列片段,包含全长的德保猪RENT基因编码区和部分非编码区序列。多重序列比较分析结果显示,德保猪RENT基因编码区核酸序列与猪、牛、山羊、绵羊、人、兔、猕猴和豚鼠的同源性分别为100.0%、85.5%、85.5%、84.5%、81.2%、80.3%、80.0%和77.3%。德保猪RENT蛋白结构预测结果显示,其理论分子质量11.69 ku,等电点7.82,为弱碱性蛋白;N-末端存在信号肽,定位于胞质外,仅具有1个低复杂度结构域,包含1个α-螺旋、8个β-折叠、7个T-转角及两个无规则卷曲。【结论】RENT基因在德保猪中呈高度保守特征,是其脂肪细胞分化中的重要调控基因。

基于Rent规则的片上网络局部化特性流量生成算法

针对传统片上网络(NoC)流量模型的空间分布不符合实际应用中通信局部化特性、网络带宽开销大的问题,提出一种基于Rent规则的NoC局部化特性流量生成算法。该算法通过建立有限Mesh结构的通信概率分布模型,并利用通信概率矩阵对各节点匀速发包获得合成流量,实现通信局部化。实验模拟了不同局部化程度、不同网络尺寸的合成流量;仿真结果表明,与Random Uniform、Bit Complement、Reversal、Transpose、Butterfly等5种传统合成流量相比,该算法合成流量的局部化程特性更好、网络带宽开销更低,接近实际通信流量。

Characteristics of Water and Sediment Exchange Between Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Based on the 2-D flow and sediment numerical model of the Yangtze Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay, the characteristics of water and sediment exchange in their joint waters is studied through quantitative calculation and analysis of the characteristics of water flow and sediment transportation. The results show that there is periodical water and sediment exchange in this joint waters, that the net water exchange appears mainly between 0 - 6 m depth （theoretical datum plane, the same below） offshore and the maximum is near the depth of 2 m, and that the net sediment exchange mainly appears between 0 - 5 m depth and the maximum is near the depth of 3 m, indicating that the range of water flow passage is different from that of sediment transport from the Yangtze Estuary to the Hangzhou Bay. Combined with the results of numerical simulation, this paper also analyzes the hydrodynamical mechanism influencing water and sediment exchange between the Yangtze Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay, including tidal fluctuation, tidal current kinetic energy, tide-induced residual current and the trace of water particles. Finally, the sediment transportation passage on the Nanhui tidal fiat is discussed, and the results show that sediment is transported into the Hangzhou Bay from the south side of Shipilei, while sediment is brought back to the South Channel of the Yangtze Estuary from the north side.

抗战前山西农村经济状况及其经济关系

抗战前中国处在半殖地半封建社会,山西农村自然经济遭到破坏资本主义商品经济有了发展,表现为经济作物产量增加,工场手工业发展,农产品商品率提高,小农经济分化,部分劳力流入城市。但封建经济仍占优势,地主富农经济仍占统治地位,并与官僚资本、高利贷资本结合一起剥削农民。农民忍受着地租,高利贷、捐税等残酷剥削,农民与地主阶级的经济矛盾不断地加深着。

Posterior Capsular Rent: Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management

In spite of a steady improvement in the safety of cataract surgery since the inception of phacoemulsification, diagnosing and managing posterior capsular rent still remains a challenge. Identification of the pre-existing risk factors is of utmost importance so that precautionary modifications are done in the surgery to prevent this complication. Once it happens, timely realization and appropriate management can have excellent outcomes.

Does labor off-farm employment inevitably lead to land rent out?Evidence from China

The focus of land economics is on how to decrease the misallocation of resources to achieve an optimal allocation of resources. Both the theories of new economics of labor migration(NELM) and the conclusions of empirical studies reveal that land resources will inevitably be reallocated(e.g., rented out) if the resources of family labor are reallocated(e.g., off-farm employment). However, this study reveals that off-farm employment does not inevitably lead to land rent out. More precisely, this study uses survey data on 8031 peasant households from 27 provinces in China and explores the relationship between off-farm employment and land rent out by describing spatial features and through empirical analysis(e.g., IV-Probit model and IV-Tobit model). The results show the following: 1) There is an indirect relationship between off-farm employment and land rent out regarding spatial area aggregation, i.e., regions with a higher ratio of off-farm employment also have a lower area of land rent out. 2) Off-farm employment is significantly positively correlated with the behavior of land rent out, but its square is significantly negatively correlated with the behavior, i.e., there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between off-farm employment and the behavior of land rent out, with the turning point being 55.55% offfarm employment. 3) Off-farm employment is significantly positively correlated with the area of land rent out, but its square is significantly negatively correlated with the area, i.e., there is an inverted Ushaped relationship between off-farm employment and the area of land rent out, with the turning point being 56.22% off-farm employment. This study helps explain why China has a high ratio of off-farm employment but a lower rate of land rent out.

A STUDY ON REGIONAL DIFFERENCE OF CHINA＇S PAID URBAN LANDUSE SYSTEM AND GRADING

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An economic analysis of Iranian petroleum contract

Following three generations of buyback contracts,the new model of Iranian petroleum contracts(IPC) was introduced by the Iranian cabinet to incentivize investments in the country.This paper analyzes the fiscal terms of the contract with technical information from one of the candidate fields for licensing.The financial simulation shows that,in general,the IPC resembles more a service contract than a production sharing contract as the contractor's take is relatively low—below 5% across different scenarios of crude oil price.Second,the IPC is progressive in that as the overall profitability of the project improves the government takes an increasing share of the economic rent.The results are confirmed in a sensitivity analysis of each party's profitability and takes on oil price,CAPEX,OPEX and the fee.

Sharing of Encrypted Lock Keys in the Blockchain-Based Renting House System from Time- and Identity-Based Proxy Reencryption

To design an efficient protocol for sharing the encrypted lock keys in the renting house system,we introduce a new notion called time-and identitybased proxy reencryption(TIPRE)and the blockchain platform.Our CPA secure TIPRE scheme is constructed from Green et al.’s identity-based proxy reencryption scheme by adding the time property.In every time period,a time stamp authority generates a public key embedded with the current time stamp for each user.In our protocol for the renting house system,the TIPRE scheme is the primary building block,and the blockchain platform serves instead of a trusted third party,such as a real estate agency between landlords and tenants.The TIPRE scheme allows the landlord to change the lock key at each time period for safety.The blockchain platform allows the landlords and tenants to directly interact,and all of the interactions are recorded in the blockchain database to provide the desired security requirements,such as nonrepudiation and unforgeability.Finally,we provide the secure analysis of our protocol and test its performance by implementing it in the MacBook Pro and the Intel Edison development platforms.

Demand-vs.Supply-Driven Innovation:A Case Study of Alipay Credit Renting Platform

This study updates the source of innovation theories by investigating the relationship between demand-and supply-driven innovation through a study of a fresh Chinese case of Alipay credit renting platform.Based on the primary data collected via interview and focus group discussion,as well as the secondary data from the company’s website and media report,three main findings were obtained.First of all,from this case,we identify an unseparated relationship between demand-and supply-driven innovation and problems arose when one side is isolated and not given full attention.This adds new insights to the research on the source of innovation.Secondly,we propose that blue ocean strategical framework can help connect the demand side with the supply sides and facilitate the innovation.This provides some managerial guidelines to deal with the challenges as observed in this case.Lastly,this paper analyzes this new renting model(Alipay credit renting platform)from both lessors and lessees’perspectives,representing the first study to investigate the credit renting market systematically.

Factors Affecting the Rent of Shops in Commercial Complexes: A Case Study of Shenzhen Shekou Sea World

The rent of shops in commercial complex reflects consumers’ preferences to some extent, and provides references for urban planning and the construction and operation of commercial complex. In this paper, Sea World Commercial Complex in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City is taken as the research object, and correlation and variability analysis on 41 groups of shop data are conducted. It is found that rent of shops in the same commercial complex is affected by location, visibility and area of outdoor stall, while the influence of shop area on rent is not obvious. Additionally, there is no significant correlation between the accessibility to traffic stations and the rent of shops in pedestrian business district.

Marx's Ground Rent Theory and Innovation of China's Urban Land System

China's traditional urban land system is established in highly centralized planned economy. This system negates functions of value law and economic law fundamentally,so it is not favorable for establishment of market mechanism and development of market economy. This study took Marx's ground rent theory as guidance,combined existing problems of China's land use system,and made analysis on innovation of China's urban land system from property right system,land market and land price.

Spatial Monetary Economic Growth with Housing and Residential Distribution over the Urban Area

This study introduces space, transportation, and money into an economic growth model. Growth theory neglects the importance of transportation on economic growth and transportation economics fails to properly explain how changes in transportation conditions (such as technological improvement, infrastructure investment, and oil prices) affect long-term economic growth. By proposing a growth model with transportations, we try to explain effects of transportation on economic growth. Our model describes dynamic interactions among capital accumulation, travel time, housing, residential distribution, amenity, and endogenous time distribution among work, travel, and leisure. The study examines effects of inflation policy, transportation conditions, and other conditions on long-term economic growth and economic geography. The paper demonstrates a way to integrating some important models in the literature in economic growth theory, urban economics, and transportation research so that the significance of transportation systems upon economies can be properly analyzed.

Marx's Theory of Ground Rent and Nationalization of Land in China

Marx's theory of ground rent is an indispensable part of Marx's economic theory. It is essential to grasp scientific connotation of Marx's theory of ground rent,and actively explore and study theories and policies of socialist ground rent and nationalization of land through combining the certainty of existence of ground rent and actual situations of nationalization of land in China.