Carbon Catabolite Repressor UvCreA is Required for Development and Pathogenicity in Ustilaginoidea virens

The rice false smut disease, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, has emerged as a significantglobal threat to rice production. The mechanism of carbon catabolite repression plays a crucial role in theefficient utilization of carbon nutrients and enzyme regulation in the presence of complex nutritionalconditions. Although significant progress has been made in understanding carbon catabolite repression infungi such as Aspergillus nidulans and Magnaporthe oryzae, its role in U. virens remains unclear. Toaddress this knowledge gap, we identified UvCreA, a pivotal component of carbon catabolite repression,in U. virens. Our investigation revealed that UvCreA localized to the nucleus. Deletion of UvCreA resultedin decreased growth and pathogenicity in U. virens. Through RNA-seq analysis, it was found that theknockout of UvCreA led to the up-regulation of 514 genes and down-regulation of 640 genes. Moreover,UvCreA was found to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of pathogenic genes and genesassociated with carbon metabolism in U. virens. In summary, our findings indicated that UvCreA isimportant in fungal development, virulence, and the utilization of carbon sources through transcriptionalregulation, thus making it a critical element of carbon catabolite repression.

AOF1 is a histone H3K4 demethylase possessing demethylase activity-independent repression function

LSD1 （KDM1 under the new nomenclature） was the first identified lysine-specific histone demethylase belonging to the flavin-dependent amine oxidase family. Here, we report that AOF1 （KDM1B under the new nomenclature）, a mammalian protein related to LSD1, also possesses histone demethylase activity with specificity for H3K4mel and H3K4me2. Like LSD1, the highly conserved SWIRM domain is required for its enzymatic activity. However, AOF1 differs from LSD1 in several aspects. First, AOF1 does not appear to form stable protein complexes containing histone deacetylases. Second, AOF1 is found to localize to chromosomes during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, whereas LSD1 does not. Third, AOF1 represses transcription when tethered to DNA and this repression activity is independent of its demethylase activity. Structural and functional analyses identified its unique N-terminal Zf-CW domain as essential for the demethylase activity-independent repression function. Collectively, our study identifies AOF1 as the second histone demethylase in the family of flavin-dependent amine oxidases and reveals a demethylase-independent repression function of AOF1.

Repression of interferon-γ expression in T cells by Prosperorelated Homeobox protein

Interferon-gamma （IFN-γ） is a major proinflammatory effector and regulatory cytokine produced by activated T cells and NK cells. IFN-γ has been shown to play pivotal roles in fundamental immunological processes such as inflammatory reactions, cell-mediated immunity and autoimmunity. A variety of human disorders have now been linked to irregular IFN-γ expression. In order to achieve proper IFN-γ-mediated immunological effects, IFN-γ expression in T cells is subject to both positive and negative regulation. In this study, we report for the first time the negative regulation of IFN-γ expression by Prospero-related Homeobox （Proxl）. In Jurkat T cells and primary human CD4＋ T cells, Proxl expression decreases quickly upon T cell activation, concurrent with a dramatic increase in IFN-γ expression. Reporter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation （CHIP） revealed that Proxl associates with and inhibits the transcription activity of IFN-γ promoter in activated Jurkat T cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assay demonstrated a direct binding between Proxl and the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARγ）, which is also an IFN-γ repressor in T cells. By introducing deletions and mutations into Proxl, we show that the repression of IFN-γ promoter by Proxl is largely dependent upon the physical interaction between Proxl and PPARγ. Furthermore, PPARγ antagonist treatment removes Proxl from IFN-γ promoter and attenuates repression of IFN-γ expression by Proxl. These findings establish Proxl as a new negative regulator of IFN-γ expression in T cells and will aid in the understanding of IFN-γ transcription regulation mechanisms.

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2-Mediated H3K27 Trimethylation Is Required for Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae

Polycomb repressive complex 2(PRC2)contributes to catalyze the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 and plays vital roles in transcriptional silencing and growth development in various organisms.In Magnaporthe oryzae,histone H3K27 is found to associate with altered transcription of in planta induced genes.However,it is still unknown whether and how H3K27me3 modification is involved in pathogenicity to rice and stress response.In this study,we found that core subunits of PRC2,Kmt6-Suz12-Eed,were required for fungal pathogenicity to rice in M.oryzae.Kmt6-Suz12-Eed localized in the nuclei and was necessary for the establishment of H3K27me3 modification.With ChIP-seq analysis,9.0%of genome regions enriched with H3K27me3 occupancy,which corresponded to 1033 genes in M.oryzae.Furthermore,deletion of Kmt6,Suz12 or Eed altered genome-wide transcriptional expression,while the de-repression genes in theΔkmt6 strain were highly associated with H3K27me3 occupancy.Notably,plenty of genes which encode effectors and secreted enzymes,secondary metabolite synthesis genes,and cell wall stress-responsive genes were directly occupied with H3K27me3 modification and de-repression in theΔkmt6 strain.These results elaborately explained how PRC2 was required for pathogenicity,which is closely related to effector modulated host immunity and host environment adaption.

Soluble Carbohydrates Repress the Cellulolytic Activity of Clostridium cellulovorans and Eubacterium cellulosolvens

Studies have provided indirect evidence that cellulolytic activity of some anaerobic bacteria is repressed by carbohydrates, such as glucose. This effect is known as carbon catabolite repression （CCR）. Previous work has found that cellulolytic activity of Clostridium cellulovorans and Eubacterium cellulosolvens are regulated. Many cellulolytic systems of these organisms are expressed only in the presence of cellulose or cellobiose （the disaccharide of cellulose）. Some of these cellulose-induced systems also appear subject to CCR when more soluble substrates, such as glucose, are also available. To determine if such repression directly effects cellulolytic activity of C. cellulovorans and E. cellulosolvens, these organisms were cultivated in media containing a glucose analog. We then measured the ability of low levels of analog to inhibit growth of the organisms when cellobiose or cellulose were the energy substrates. Our results found that growth of both C. cellulovorans and E. cellulosolvens in cellobiose-containing medium are strongly inhibited by glucose analogs. In addition, both organisms exhibited delayed and slower growth in cellulose-containing medium when a glucose analog was added. These results provide direct demonstration that these cellulolytic bacteria are subject to CCR. This repression of cellulolysis may affect both of these organisms＇ ability to serve as industrial platforms for biomass degradation, and may interfere with the contribution of E. cellulosolvens toward animal digestion of cellulose. These results were also in sharp contrast to what has been reported regarding CCR activity in Clostridium cellulolyticum, which actively expresses cellulases in the presence of low levels of glucose.

EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE REPRESSING ON PHOSPHORUS SEGREGATION IN 93W-4.5Ni-2.5Fe ALLOY

The influence of high temperature repressing treatment on the segregation of phosphorus in the 93W alloy was carefully investigated by means of Auger electron spectroscope,EPMA, TEM and SEM.The segregation of phosphorus has been observed at the tungsten-tungsten grain boundaries,particularly at the tungsten-matrix interphases when the specimens were kept at the temperature in the range of 1200—1500℃ ,followed by furnace cooling.However, no segregation of phosphorus was observed at the interfaces after the specimens were re- pressed at the range of temperature,followed by furnace cooling.After investigation,the dis- locations in the matrix phase of as-repressed specimens directly influenced the phosphorus segregation to the interfaces.After annealing,the mechanical properties were reduced because of the phosphorus segregation at the interface boundaries.

Inhibition of SIRT1 Increases EZH2 Protein Level and Enhances the Repression of EZH2 on Target Gene Expression

Objective To study the regulatory roles of SIRT1 on EZH2 expression and the further ef-fects on EZH2's repression of target gene expression. Methods The stable SIRT1 RNAi and Control RNAi HeLa cells were established by in-fection with retroviruses expressing shSIRT1 and shLuc respectively followed by puromycin selection. EZH2 protein level was detected by Western blot in either whole cell lysate or the fractional cell extract. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the mRNA level of EZH2. Cycloheximide was used to treat SIRT1 RNAi and Control RNAi cells for protein stability assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was applied to measure enrichment of SIRT1, EZH2, and trimethylated H3K27 (H3K27me3) at SATB1 promoter in SIRT1 RNAi and Control RNAi cells. Results Western blot results showed that EZH2 protein level increased upon SIRT1 de-pletion. Fractional extraction results showed unchanged cytoplasmic fraction and increased chromatin fraction of EZH2 protein in SIRT1 RNAi cells. The mRNA level of EZH2 was not affected by knockdown of SIRT1. SIRT1 recruitment was not detected at the promoter region of EZH2 gene locus. The protein stability assay showed that the protein stability of EZH2 increases upon SIRT1 knockdown. Upon SIRT1 depletion, EZH2 and H3K27me3 recruitment at SATB1 promoter increases and the mRNA level of SATB1 decreases. Conclusions Depletion of SIRT1 increases the protein stability of EZH2. The regulation of EZH2 protein level by SIRT1 affects the repressive effects of EZH2 on the target gene expres-sion.

Repressing sulfate-reducing bacteria growth in the affusion system of oil field by changing ecological factors

Aiming at the corrosion issue of oil extraction equipments caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） reproducing in oil field affusion system, we studied the dominant strains in the SRB community and the impact of four ecological factors on the growth of the dominant strains：temperature, pH, mineralization degree and concentration of PAM （Polyacrylamine）. The feasibility of repressing the growth of SRB by changing ecological factors was also discussed. The results indicate that Desutfobacter （one genus of SRB） is the preponderant strains of the system, and the order of the effect of four ecological factors is pH 〉 temperature 〉 the concentrations of PAM 〉 mineralization degree. The optimal pH for the highest growth rate of SRB is 8.0. No growth of SRB was observed when pH 〈 4 or pH 〉 12. The optimal temperature for the growth of SRB is 40 ℃ and the ecological amplitude is 20 -50 ℃. The appropriate concentration values of PAM is 400 -800 mg/L, beyond of which the multiplication rate and growth quantity 6f cell decrease obviously. The effect of mineralization degree of SO4^2- , HCO^3- and Na^＋ on the growth of SRB has reached an extremely remarkable level, and the change of three ions＇ concentration in water obviously effects SRB： The optimum values on the main ions in the system are Cl- of 200mg/L, HCO^3- of 900 mg/L,SO4^2- of 400 mg/L, Mg^2＋ of 60 mg/L and Na^＋ of 900 mg/L. Our results indicate that it is possible to repress the growth of SRB by changing the ecological factors in nil field affusion system.

Women＇s repression, rebellion and quest for the ＂true self＂： Theyellow wallpaper as the epitome of the female Gothic novel

As a genre that expressed women＇s dark protests, fantasies and the fear, female Gothic was not theorized until the late 1960s, and before its theorization, this convention was adopted by many women writers in their works. Charlotte Perkins Gilman＇s The yellow wallpaper is one of the many examples. As the epitome of female gothic, The yellow wallpaper utilized the female gothic conventions--the grotesque symbol of yellow wallpaper, the hysteric narrative format and the archetype image of madwoman, to express women＇s status of her time--their repression, rebellion and quest for the ＂true self＂.

Empirical study on the financial repression of rural households＇ debit and credit and the effects on their welfare in less developed regions --Take Suqian city of Jiangsu province as an example

This paper carries out empirical analysis of the ration behavior of rural credit cooperatives in less developed regions in providing loan services to rural households. It also inspects the interaction between rural households＇ demand for credit and the loan supply from rural credit cooperatives with simultaneous discrete model. The performance of supporting agriculture through a new round reform of rural credit cooperatives is doubtable in this sample region.

Selection of Trichoderma mutants with enhanced cellulase production and resistant to catabolite repression

Due to high cost and relatively low efficiency of cellulase enzymes used for the saccharification of pretreated lignocelluloses, the improvement of cellulase secreting microorganisms is of vital importance. Trichoderma reesei QM 6a, an excellent source of cellulase was selected in the late 1960’s. at Natick Laboratories by its performance on pure cellulose (Solka Floc, Avicel) . QM 6a is the wild parent strain of best existing hypercellulolytic mutants such as Rut C30, VTT-D-80133, L27, CL-847 and others. Utilization of cheaper carbon sources (e.g., pretreated wood or straw) both in enzyme production and in hydrolysis necessitates to investigate fungal species other than T.reesei. A screening program was initiated to test 150 wild-type Trichoderma strains in shake flask for cellulase production on SO 2-impregnated and steam pretreated spruce and willow, candidate substrates for bioalcohol program in Sweden. Filter paper activity (FPA) method was used to determine the overall cellulase activity. Strain TUB F-1505 was selected as promising candidate for mutagenesis. This wild strain was isolated from a tropical rain forest area near Manaus, Brazil. Isolate F-1505 was subjected to NTG-mutation to select catabolite (glucose, glycerol) resistant mutants. A Petri plate clearing assay using Walseth cellulose, glycerol or glucose and Triton X100 (colony size inhibitor) was applied for pre-screening of the colonies. Over 6000 colonies were evaluated. Best colonies were tested in shake flask fermentation on pretreated spruce and willow as carbon sources. Mutants producing higher levels of cellulase (FPA) were further mutated by either NTG or UV-light. At least 4 mutants were obtained and freeze-dried exhibiting equivalent or higher cellulase production as compared to Trichoderma reesei Rut C30.

Alleviating glucose repression and enhancing respiratory capacity to increase itaconic acid production

The Crabtree effect products ethanol and acetic acid can be used for itaconic acid(IA)production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.However,both the IA synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were hampered by glucose repression when glucose was used as the substrate.This study aimed to improve IA titer by increasing gene expressions related to glucose derepression without impairing yeast growth on glucose.Engineering the acetyl-CoA synthesis pathway increased the titer of IA to 257 mg/L in a urea-based medium.Instead of entire pathway overexpression,we found that some signaling pathways regulating glucose repression were effective targets to improve IA production and respiratory capacity.As a consequence of the reduced inhibition,IA titer was further increased by knocking out a negative regulator of the mitochondrial retrograde signaling MKS1.SNF1/MIG1 signaling was disturbed by deleting the hexokinase HXK2 or an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein GSF2.The shaking results showed that XYY286(BY4741,HO::cadA,Y::Dz.ada,208a::Mt.acs,Δhxk2,pRS415-cadA,pRS423-aac2)accumulated 535 mg/L IA in 168 h in the YSCGLU medium.qRT-PCR results verified that deletion of MKS1 or HXK2 upregulated the gene expressions of the IA synthesis and respiratory pathways during the growth on glucose.

Contentious Politics,State Repression and Civil Dissidence:The Discourse of Resistance in Utpal Dutt's Nightmare City

In the Post-Independence era,the prolific playwrights of India started using the aesthetic form of theater to contest authoritarian structures,and to voice their antiestablishment dissent.Utpal Dutt,a pioneering figure in Modern Indian Theater,used the medium of drama for propaganda and political conscientization of the oppressed.The indefatigable thespian contributed significantly towards the formation of modern Bengali theater,as his plays voiced his intransigent protest against the authoritarian government and concurrently,showed his impressive experimentation with different dramatic techniques,theatrical devices and theatrical genres.Dutt's anti-establishment play,Nightmare City presents a fastidious account of the turbulent years of late-1960s and early-1970s Bengal gripped by Naxalite violence and police brutalism.Set against the backdrop of Naxalite insurgency,the play savagely exposes the ideological hypocrisy of the autocratic government leaders of the time and their violent hooliganism.However,the playwright,in sync with his earlier plays,has not only portrayed the tumultuous sociopolitical ambiance of the 70s Calcutta,but has also constructed a soul-shattering voice of resistance to the political oppressions perpetuated by the state apparatuses.The objective of this paper is to study the revolutionary propaganda of Dutt and redefine his concept of"political theater"with special reference to his intricately structured political satire,Nightmare City.

数字普惠金融能否促进共同富裕?——基于金融抑制与金融排斥视角的实证检验

数字普惠金融作为现代经济发展的润滑剂,对扎实推进共同富裕提供了新的机遇和路径。为探究数字普惠金融赋能共同富裕的内在机理,特选取2011—2021年省级面板数据,采用面板回归、中介效应检验、异质性检验等方法,探究数字普惠金融对共同富裕的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现:第一,数字普惠金融在促进共同富裕方面发挥了显著的正向作用,此结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依旧成立;第二,机制分析表明,数字普惠金融通过减轻金融抑制与金融排斥程度,有助于实现共同富裕,从而验证了“数字普惠金融→缓解金融抑制/金融排斥→促进共同富裕”这一传导机制;第三,异质性分析发现,数字普惠金融对共同富裕的作用效果存在区域异质性和“知识鸿沟”效应,并且不同区域的传导路径也存在差异。

不同间作模式对胶园土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

【目的】研究不同间作模式对胶园土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,为今后橡胶林下间作模式优化和间作栽培管理提供科学依据。【方法】运用Biolog⁃ECO技术研究土壤微生物代谢功能特征,分析不同间作胶园土壤微生物碳源代谢活性和多样性的差异。【结果】土壤微生物对碳源利用在培养216 h时达到稳定,不同处理的平均吸光值AWCD依次为橡胶/王草间作>橡胶/咖啡间作>橡胶/益智间作>纯林胶园。间作模式不仅增加了土壤微生物利用的碳源种类,还增强了碳源代谢活性,橡胶/王草间作土壤微生物对碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、酚酸类、羧酸类、多聚物类的代谢能力较强,橡胶/咖啡间作土壤微生物对胺类的代谢能力较强。主成分分析表明,间作胶园与纯林胶园之间土壤微生物碳源利用特征差异显著,橡胶/王草与橡胶/咖啡、橡胶/益智间作之间差异显著,橡胶/咖啡与橡胶/益智间作二者之间无显著差异。不同间作模式提高了胶园土壤微生物多样性指数,各处理之间的AWCD值和McIntosh指数差异显著,Shannon指数、Simpson指数无显著差异。相关性分析表明,胶园土壤微生物碳源代谢功能与土壤环境因子密切相关,土壤含水量、pH、有机质是影响胶园土壤碳源代谢差异的主要因子。【结论】橡胶林下间作王草、益智和咖啡作物有利于改善土壤生态环境,促进土壤碳源利用,提高土壤微生物群落功能多样性。

Effect of Intermediate Annealing Temperature on Response of Repressing to Densification of Pre-Alloyed Cr-Mo Steel

Increasing density is one of the important factors for producing high quality powder metallurgy （PM） parts, which has beneficial effect on mechanical properties. One of the common techniques for achieving this goal is double compacting, which seems to be a potentially attractive method in PM route, also for Cr-Mo alloyed-steels. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of first compacting pressure and intermediate annealing temperature on attaining higher densities and minimum interconnected porosity for Cr-Mo pre-alloyed steel. The effect of mentioned parameters was studied by measuring density, transverse rupture strength and macrohardness of repressed samples. The results show that for each first compacting pressure, the density range of repressed samples increases with the increasing annealing temperature up to a certain limit, due to C dissolution which causes free porosity and further densifieation. Annealing temperatures higher than optimum one should be avoided, since too much carbon dissolution results in harder and less deformable compacts. On the other hand, with regard to repressed density and other resulted properties, the amount of first compacting pressure offers considerable advantage in obtaining higher level of density and consequently improved mechanical properties.

论阿尔都塞的再生产理论及其当代价值

阿尔都塞的再生产理论是以马克思的社会形态理论为基础,探讨资本主义生产方式的再生产,并把理论重点放到分析资本主义生产关系的再生产是如何实现的问题上,强调不能把资本主义生产关系归结为一种产权关系或法律关系,认为资本主义生产关系的本质是一种剥削关系。为了揭示资本主义生产关系的再生产是如何实现的,阿尔都塞分析了法、国家和意识形态国家机器的本质和功能,把国家划分为“镇压性国家机器”和“意识形态国家机器”,认为“镇压性国家机器”为“意识形态国家机器”发挥作用提供了政治保障,“意识形态国家机器”在当前主要是通过教育国家机器培育公民必备的劳动技能和伦理道德价值观,实现资本主义生产关系再生产的,形成了“意识形态国家机器理论”的理论创新。阿尔都塞再生产理论从理论目的维度上看,是为了解决上层建筑反作用于经济基础的中介问题;从实践目的维度上看,是为了强调意识形态斗争在西方的社会主义革命中的重要性。阿尔都塞在要求重视意识形态斗争的同时,必须始终坚持马克思主义经济基础决定上层建筑这一基本原理,以避免革命中的主观唯心主义和冒险主义的错误。阿尔都塞的再生产理论具有与西方马克思主义重视上层建筑和意识形态问题研究的理论共性,又具有自己的特质和独到的理论贡献。

技术理性批判与非压抑性文明的重建——西方马克思主义的非压抑性文明观及其当代价值

西方马克思主义的技术理性批判从哲学文化和现实维度揭示了技术理性盛行的根源及其后果,同时也揭示了由于资本追求利润的本性和资本主义生产目的的不正义,使得科学技术成为控制自然,进而控制人的工具,最终导致人们处于总体异化和受支配的生存状态,因此资本主义文明本质上属于压抑性文明。而强调只有重新摆正科学与哲学、科学与价值的关系,或者通过培育工人阶级成熟的阶级意识,或者通过艺术审美和爱的培育,恢复人的自我意识与独立人格,才能克服技术理性的过度膨胀所建立的非压抑性文明,实现了人的自由全面发展。西方马克思主义的技术理性批判和对非压抑性文明的探索,继承和发展了马克思、恩格斯对资本主义文明悖论的分析,深化了马克思、恩格斯对科学技术的作用与社会效应问题的探索,在技术理性和算法盛行的现时代,具有重要的理论与现实意义。

马尔库塞非压抑性文明理论的逻辑考察

马尔库塞从马克思的劳动异化理论的视角,重新解读并改造弗洛伊德的压抑性文明论,提出非压抑性文明理论。马尔库塞的非压抑性文明理论深刻揭示了发达工业资本主义社会极度压抑性的异化本质,探讨了在物质文明发达的条件下,通过人的爱欲解放,重建非压抑性社会文明的可能性。本文通过对该理论构想的逻辑考察认为,马尔库塞依据发达工业社会的(物质)成就作为非压抑性文明的可能性条件是不充分的;非压抑性的生活方式必然导致的物质文明的倒退与马克思主义的社会进步文明观是相悖的。

大学生焦虑与压力知觉和忍耐的关系

目的:探讨大学生焦虑、压力知觉与忍耐的关系。方法:选取广东省高校大学生3 056人(男1 102人,女1 954人),采用广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7,得分≥10分为焦虑症状阳性)、压力知觉量表(PSS-10)、忍耐力量表(FS)进行调查。采用SPSS宏程序PROCESS中的模型2检验不同类型忍耐的调节作用。结果:大学生中焦虑症状阳性486人(15.9%)。PSS-10得分与GAD-7得分正向关联(β=0.63),FS压抑性忍耐维度得分在PSS-10得分与GAD-7得分间起调节作用(β=0.05),FS主动性忍耐维度得分在PSS-10得分与GAD-7得分间起调节作用(β=-0.04)。结论:大学生焦虑和压力知觉与忍耐相关,压抑性忍耐和主动性忍耐在压力知觉与焦虑之间具有调节作用。