When benefiting other beneficiaries,cushion plants may reciprocally receive feedback effects.The feedback effects on different sex morphs,however,remains unclear.In this study,taking the gynodioecious Arenaria polytri...When benefiting other beneficiaries,cushion plants may reciprocally receive feedback effects.The feedback effects on different sex morphs,however,remains unclear.In this study,taking the gynodioecious Arenaria polytrichiodes as a model species,we aimed to assess the sex-specific facilitation intensity of cushion plant by measuring the beneficiary cover ratio,and to assess the potential costs in cushion reproductive functions by measuring the flower and fruit cover ratios.The total beneficiary cover ratio was similar between females and hermaphrodites.Females produced much less flowers but more fruits than hermaphrodites.These results suggested that females and hermaphrodites possess similar facilitation intensity,and female cushion A.polytrichoides may allocate more resources saved from pollen production to seed production,while hermaphrodites possibly allocate more resources to pollen production hence reducing seed production.The surface areas covered by beneficiaries produced less flowers and fruits than areas without beneficiaries.In addition,strong negative correlations between beneficiary cover and flower cover were detected for both females and hermaphrodites,but the correlation strength were similar for these two sex morphs.However,the correlation between beneficiary cover and fruit cover was only significantly negative for females,suggesting that beneficiary plants negatively affect fruit reproduction of females while have neutral effects on hermaphrodites.All the results suggest that to facilitate other beneficiaries can induce reproductive costs on cushion A.polytrichoides,with females possibly suffering greater cost than hermaphrodites.Such differentiation in reproductive costs between sex morphs,in long-term perspective,may imply sex imbalance in population dynamics.展开更多
Jellyfish blooms are increasingly prevalent coastal phenomena,with Aurelia coerulea being a significant contributor.The complex life history of jellyfish,featuring a sessile polyp stage,is a key factor in bloom format...Jellyfish blooms are increasingly prevalent coastal phenomena,with Aurelia coerulea being a significant contributor.The complex life history of jellyfish,featuring a sessile polyp stage,is a key factor in bloom formation,yet it is challenging to study in the field.This study aimed to describe the asexual reproduction of A.coerulea polyps in Jiaozhou Bay,China,and to assess their ability to form sedentary colonies and their relationship with environmental factors.Using settling plates,we observed polyps in situ and documented three asexual reproduction modes:budding,strobilation,and podocyst formation.Environmental parameters including temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen(DO),chlorophyll a(Chl a),and the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton were monitored.Budding was the predominant reproductive method,featuring stolon budding in autumn and direct budding during the winter and spring seasons.Strobilation took place in the colder months,releasing ephyrae between April and May.Polyp abundance was positively correlated with seawater temperature and negatively correlated with DO concentration.Polyps at 1.0 m depth showed higher survivorship and proliferation over 8 months,whereas those at 2.0 m depth experienced a steady decline and died within 4 months.The study enhances our understanding of the life cycle and asexual reproduction strategies of A.coerulea polyps in the field,with implications for predicting and managing jellyfish blooms.The findings underscore the importance of temperature and DO in polyp survival and suggest that initial polyp population proliferation is crucial for long-term survival.展开更多
Reproduction and immune defense are costly functions,and they are expected to tradeoff with each other to drive evolution.The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens Stål(Hemiptera,Delphacidae),is a global supe...Reproduction and immune defense are costly functions,and they are expected to tradeoff with each other to drive evolution.The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens Stål(Hemiptera,Delphacidae),is a global superpest that mostly damages rice crops.Yeast-like symbionts(YLS)exist in the abdominal fat body tissue and are tightly associated with the development,growth,and reproduction of BPH.Our previous research demonstrated that mating behavior promotes the release of YLS from the fat body into the hemolymph in the BPH,thereby triggering an immune response.Additionally,the fitness costs related to life-history traits of BPH(such as survival rate)have a strong dependence on the relative abundance of YLS.However,the possible relationship between reproduction and the immune response in BPH has not been identified.In this study,an omics-based approach was used to analyze the transcriptome of fat body tissues in mated and unmated BPH at 72 h post-eclosion,from which two antimicrobial peptide genes,NlDefensin A(NlDfA)and NlDefensin B(NlDfB),were selected since they were highly expressed in mated BPH.Subsequently,the full-length cDNA sequences of the NlDfA and NlDfB genes were cloned and analyzed.qPCR results showed up-regulation of the NlDfA and NlDfB genes in mated BPH when compared to unmated BPH.Spatial-temporal expression analysis indicated that the NlDfA and NlDfB genes were expressed in all tissues and developmental stages,and they were most highly expressed in the fat body at 24 h post-eclosion.Moreover,the symbionts in BPH were significantly inhibited by the in vitro expression of the NlDfA and NlDfB proteins.Furthermore,RNA interference(RNAi)-mediated suppression of NlDfA and NlDfB dramatically increased the relative abundance of YLS in the fat body,while YLS in the hemolymph decreased significantly.These BPHs also displayed some fitness disadvantages in survival,fecundity,hatchability,and possibly the vertical transmission of YLS from hemolymph to egg.Our results indicated that mating could heighten the immunity of BPH by upregulating the expression of the NlDfA and NlDfB genes,which protect the host from pathogen challenges during reproduction.However,the reduced content of YLS may act as a fitness disadvantage in dictating the life-history traits of BPH.This work has significant theoretical and practical implications for the precise green control technology that involves crucial gene targeting,as well as for the“endosymbionts for pest control”strategy in insects.展开更多
Vegetable fields are often contaminated by heavy metals,and Spodoptera exigua is a major vegetable pest which is stressed by heavy metals mainly by feeding.In this study,cadmium accumulation in the tissues of S.exigua...Vegetable fields are often contaminated by heavy metals,and Spodoptera exigua is a major vegetable pest which is stressed by heavy metals mainly by feeding.In this study,cadmium accumulation in the tissues of S.exigua exposed to cadmium and its effects on the growth and development of the parents and the offspring were investigated.Under the stress of different concentrations of cadmium(0.2,3.2,and 51.2 mg kg^(-1)),the cadmium content in each tissue of S.exigua increased in a dose-dependent manner.At the larval stage,the highest cadmium accumulation was found in midgut in all three cadmium treatments,but at the adult stage,the highest cadmium content was found in fat body.In addition,the cadmium content in ovaries was much higher than in testes.When F1S.exigua was stressed by cadmium and the F_(2)generation was not fed a cadmium-containing diet,the larval survival,pupation rate,emergence rate and fecundity of the F_(2)generation were significantly reduced in the 51.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment compared to the corresponding F1generation.Even in the F_(2)generation of the 3.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment,the fecundity was significantly lower than in the parental generation.The fecundity of the only-female stressed treatment was significantly lower than that of the only-male stressed treatment at the 3.2 and 51.2 mg kg^(-1)cadmium exposure levels.When only mothers were stressed at the larval stage,the fecundity of the F_(2)generation was significantly lower than that of the F1generation in the 51.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment,and it was also significantly lower than in the 3.2 and 0.2 mg kg^(-1)treatments.The results of our study can provide useful information for forecasting the population increase trends under different heavy metal stress conditions and for the reliable environmental risk assessment of heavy metal pollution.展开更多
Lycosidae females demonstrate meticulous maternal care of offspring by carrying egg sacs and juvenile spiderlings during the reproductive stage. Nuclear receptors(NRs), especially the ecdysone receptor(EcR) and ultras...Lycosidae females demonstrate meticulous maternal care of offspring by carrying egg sacs and juvenile spiderlings during the reproductive stage. Nuclear receptors(NRs), especially the ecdysone receptor(EcR) and ultraspiracle(USP), have attracted considerable attention in the regulation of arthropod development and reproduction due to their pivotal roles in ecdysteroid signaling cascades. In the present study, 23 NRs, including one EcR and two USPs, were identified in the genome of the predatory wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata. RNA interference(RNAi) targeting EcR and USP-1inhibited spiderling development and resulted in nonviable eggs in the egg sacs. EcR and USP-1responded to changes in ecdysteroid levels, and interference in ecdysteroid biosynthesis led to similar phenotypes as ds EcR and ds USP-1 treatments.These findings suggest that EcR/USP-1-mediated ecdysteroid signaling regulates P. pseudoannulata development and reproduction. The P.pseudoannulata females with suppressed ecdysteroid signaling proactively consumed their non-viable egg sacs, resulting in a 7.19 d shorter first reproductive cycle than the controls. Termination of the failed reproductive cycle enabled the spiders to produce a new egg sac more rapidly. This reproductive strategy may partially rescue the reduction in population growth due to non-viable eggs and compensate for the physiological expenditure of wasted maternal care, which would be beneficial for the conservation of P.pseudoannulata populations and their natural control of insect pests.展开更多
Reproduction technologies(RTs)can provide for the reliable reproduction of amphibians,as well as perpetuation of species genetic variation with the use of biobanks.In 1982,in anticipation of the biodiversity conservat...Reproduction technologies(RTs)can provide for the reliable reproduction of amphibians,as well as perpetuation of species genetic variation with the use of biobanks.In 1982,in anticipation of the biodiversity conservation crisis,major Russian institutions collaborated in a dynamic program to develop and implement RTs for the sustainable management of amphibian biodiversity.An initial primary focus was the captive breeding of threatened Russian endemic anuran and caudate species,using RTs that varied from environmental manipulation to the use of exogenous gonadotropic hormones to stimulate reproduction.These species were mostly from Palearctic or cool mountain regions,but also included a wide range of species from warm regions.Other early achievements included the successful cryopreservation of anuran spermatozoa and anuran diploid pluripotent cell nuclei,in order to store both the matrilineal and patrilineal genomes in biobanks,with their subsequent development to the blastula stage after implantation into enucleated oocytes.After the turn of the 21st Century,in support of the priorities of the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan(2007),we developed RTs for the refrigerated storage of testicular or urinary spermatozoa for days to weeks at 4℃,the cryopreservation of urinary spermatozoa using anovel cryoprotectant,the in vitro fertilisation of hormonally induced oocytes either fresh or after refrigerated ex situ or in situ storage,and the artificial insemination of salamanders with fresh spermatozoa.In this article,we describe previously unpublished techniques and techniques from obscure Russian sources.展开更多
The soybean aphid,Aphis glycines Matsumura,is an important pest of soybean,which is native to Asia.In this study,A.glycines fed on soybean(AgFS)and A.glycines fed on wild soybean(AgFW)were reared at 25℃,27℃,29℃,31...The soybean aphid,Aphis glycines Matsumura,is an important pest of soybean,which is native to Asia.In this study,A.glycines fed on soybean(AgFS)and A.glycines fed on wild soybean(AgFW)were reared at 25℃,27℃,29℃,31℃,33℃and 35℃,respectively,and some of the life parameters were determined.At temperature ranging from 25℃to 31℃,nymphs of AgFS and AgFW all developed into adults successfully.Only a few nymphs of AgFS and AgFW developed into adults at 33℃and no nymphs could develop into adults at 35℃.Lifespan,fecundity and body size of AgFS and AgFW adults all decreased gradually with temperatures increasing from 25℃to 33℃.At 25℃,the intrinsic rate of increase of AgFS was as big as that at 27℃,which was smaller than that at 29℃,but was bigger than that at 31℃.Intrinsic rate of increase of AgFW decreased gradually with temperatures increasing from 25℃to 31℃.Nymph stage duration of AgFW was longer than or as long as that of AgFS;adult lifespan of AgFW was shorter than or as long as that of AgFS.Adult fecundity,intrinsic rate of increase and adult body size of AgFW were all smaller than or as big as those of AgFS.It showed that AgFS and AgFW both survived and developed well at temperature ranging from 25℃to 31℃,and AgFW was more adaptive to low temperatures.These results were important to study the adaptability of A.glycines to high temperatures and for predicting its dynamics in the temperature keeping rising region.展开更多
Based on the principle of asexual reproduction,a kind of scale breeding and reproduction technique of Ficus tikoua Bur.container seedlings was explored by using the characteristics of strong adaptability to the enviro...Based on the principle of asexual reproduction,a kind of scale breeding and reproduction technique of Ficus tikoua Bur.container seedlings was explored by using the characteristics of strong adaptability to the environment and fast growth and reproduction.Using non-woven bag as a breeding container for seedlings,the scale breeding and reproduction technique of F.tikoua container seedlings was summarized through the important links of seedling bed construction,seedling collection,soil configuration,container selection,cutting cultivation,field management,and disease and pest control.This technique can achieve differential,massive and sustainable efficient breeding and reproduction of F.tikoua seedlings in a short time.展开更多
Reproductive biotechnologies offer us greater possibilities to improve animal genetics. However, the success of these depends on different factors such as the proper selection of the donor female. For this reason, end...Reproductive biotechnologies offer us greater possibilities to improve animal genetics. However, the success of these depends on different factors such as the proper selection of the donor female. For this reason, endocrine markers have been used to evaluate the ovarian reserve, which allow a successful selection of donors. Recent research has shown, among other things, that concentrations greater than 0.130 ng/mL of anti-Mullerian hormone (also known as Muller-inhibiting substance, which is a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of growth and differentiation factors) are related to donors of more than fifteen transferable embryos. Therefore, this review describes studies showing that the measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations, before superovulation programs, reduces the costs per embryo produced.展开更多
In order to increase the productivity of the local cavies as a meat animal, a study was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Research and Experimental Farm, Animal Nutrition and Production Research ...In order to increase the productivity of the local cavies as a meat animal, a study was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Research and Experimental Farm, Animal Nutrition and Production Research Unit of the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FAAS) and the Microbiology and Anti-Microbial Research Unite of the University of Dschang on 72 cavies aged between 4 and 5 months and weighing an average of 450 ± 50 g produced on the farm, including 60 females and 12 males. The females were distributed according to a completely randomized factorial design in twelve (12) rearing boxes numbered G1 to G12, with 15 females per group distributed in 03 boxes and receiving iso-nitrogenated experimental diet (18% protein) R0 enriched with 20% of Stylosanthes guianensis (0% garlic powder), R0.25 (0.25% garlic powder), R0.50 (0.50% garlic powder) and R0.75 (0.75% garlic powder). Females were identified by numbered ear tags and mated with a sex ratio of 5 females for 1 male. Drinking water enriched with vitamin C (01 tablet of 240 mg in 1.5 liters of water) was served ad libitum and renewed daily. The males were removed after 31 days. A form was established to record the weight of each pregnant female, any abortions during gestation, the date of parturition and the date of birth of each newborn, as well as the number of live-born or stillborn pups. After parturition, the weights of female and newborn cavies were recorded weekly until the 3<sup>rd</sup> week. The number of cavies that died before weaning and the number of live weaned cavies were also recorded. Reproductive performance significantly increased (p 0.05) fertility rate and net fertility rate, litter size, birth viability rate, and pre-weaning viability rate with rations containing garlic powder, compared to the control ration, especially with the R0.50 ration. In addition, birth mortality and pre-weaning mortality were significantly lower (p 0.05) with rations containing the additive, compared to those of the control ration (R0). However, the R0.50 ration showed the lowest rates, followed by the R0.25 ration, and finally the R0.75 ration. Weight development of young cavies increased with all rations but was more marked with the R0.50 ration. Only total weight gain (TG) and average daily weight gain (ADG) in the pre-weaning phase were significantly increased (p < 0.05) with rations R0.25 and R0.50.展开更多
试验旨在探究“2+2”生产模式下不同粗蛋白质水平对白王种鸽繁殖性能和乳鸽生长性能的影响。试验选取产蛋性能相近的300日龄健康种鸽168对,随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复6对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组...试验旨在探究“2+2”生产模式下不同粗蛋白质水平对白王种鸽繁殖性能和乳鸽生长性能的影响。试验选取产蛋性能相近的300日龄健康种鸽168对,随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复6对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为13.43%、15.04%、16.64%和18.25%的饲粮。试验期46 d,其中孵化期18 d (1~18 d),哺乳期28 d (19~46 d)。结果显示,试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组产蛋间隔显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组种蛋受精率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组入孵蛋孵化率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.01)。试验Ⅲ组乳鸽28日龄体重显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),乳鸽屠宰率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),乳鸽胸肌率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组窝料重比1极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。研究表明,不同粗蛋白质水平影响了种鸽的繁殖性能、乳鸽的生长性能以及窝料重比,在“2+2”生产模式下,建议白王种鸽饲粮适宜粗蛋白质水平为16.64%。展开更多
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0502 to H.S.)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20050203 to H.S.)+3 种基金the Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project(202001AT070060 to J.G.C.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271552 to J.G.C.)the CAS“Light of West China”Program(J.G.C.)the Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province(202205AC160053 to J.G.C.)。
文摘When benefiting other beneficiaries,cushion plants may reciprocally receive feedback effects.The feedback effects on different sex morphs,however,remains unclear.In this study,taking the gynodioecious Arenaria polytrichiodes as a model species,we aimed to assess the sex-specific facilitation intensity of cushion plant by measuring the beneficiary cover ratio,and to assess the potential costs in cushion reproductive functions by measuring the flower and fruit cover ratios.The total beneficiary cover ratio was similar between females and hermaphrodites.Females produced much less flowers but more fruits than hermaphrodites.These results suggested that females and hermaphrodites possess similar facilitation intensity,and female cushion A.polytrichoides may allocate more resources saved from pollen production to seed production,while hermaphrodites possibly allocate more resources to pollen production hence reducing seed production.The surface areas covered by beneficiaries produced less flowers and fruits than areas without beneficiaries.In addition,strong negative correlations between beneficiary cover and flower cover were detected for both females and hermaphrodites,but the correlation strength were similar for these two sex morphs.However,the correlation between beneficiary cover and fruit cover was only significantly negative for females,suggesting that beneficiary plants negatively affect fruit reproduction of females while have neutral effects on hermaphrodites.All the results suggest that to facilitate other beneficiaries can induce reproductive costs on cushion A.polytrichoides,with females possibly suffering greater cost than hermaphrodites.Such differentiation in reproductive costs between sex morphs,in long-term perspective,may imply sex imbalance in population dynamics.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203700)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232026).
文摘Jellyfish blooms are increasingly prevalent coastal phenomena,with Aurelia coerulea being a significant contributor.The complex life history of jellyfish,featuring a sessile polyp stage,is a key factor in bloom formation,yet it is challenging to study in the field.This study aimed to describe the asexual reproduction of A.coerulea polyps in Jiaozhou Bay,China,and to assess their ability to form sedentary colonies and their relationship with environmental factors.Using settling plates,we observed polyps in situ and documented three asexual reproduction modes:budding,strobilation,and podocyst formation.Environmental parameters including temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen(DO),chlorophyll a(Chl a),and the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton were monitored.Budding was the predominant reproductive method,featuring stolon budding in autumn and direct budding during the winter and spring seasons.Strobilation took place in the colder months,releasing ephyrae between April and May.Polyp abundance was positively correlated with seawater temperature and negatively correlated with DO concentration.Polyps at 1.0 m depth showed higher survivorship and proliferation over 8 months,whereas those at 2.0 m depth experienced a steady decline and died within 4 months.The study enhances our understanding of the life cycle and asexual reproduction strategies of A.coerulea polyps in the field,with implications for predicting and managing jellyfish blooms.The findings underscore the importance of temperature and DO in polyp survival and suggest that initial polyp population proliferation is crucial for long-term survival.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20223 and 32302354)the Zhejiang Provincial Programs for Science and Technology Development,China(2022C02047).
文摘Reproduction and immune defense are costly functions,and they are expected to tradeoff with each other to drive evolution.The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens Stål(Hemiptera,Delphacidae),is a global superpest that mostly damages rice crops.Yeast-like symbionts(YLS)exist in the abdominal fat body tissue and are tightly associated with the development,growth,and reproduction of BPH.Our previous research demonstrated that mating behavior promotes the release of YLS from the fat body into the hemolymph in the BPH,thereby triggering an immune response.Additionally,the fitness costs related to life-history traits of BPH(such as survival rate)have a strong dependence on the relative abundance of YLS.However,the possible relationship between reproduction and the immune response in BPH has not been identified.In this study,an omics-based approach was used to analyze the transcriptome of fat body tissues in mated and unmated BPH at 72 h post-eclosion,from which two antimicrobial peptide genes,NlDefensin A(NlDfA)and NlDefensin B(NlDfB),were selected since they were highly expressed in mated BPH.Subsequently,the full-length cDNA sequences of the NlDfA and NlDfB genes were cloned and analyzed.qPCR results showed up-regulation of the NlDfA and NlDfB genes in mated BPH when compared to unmated BPH.Spatial-temporal expression analysis indicated that the NlDfA and NlDfB genes were expressed in all tissues and developmental stages,and they were most highly expressed in the fat body at 24 h post-eclosion.Moreover,the symbionts in BPH were significantly inhibited by the in vitro expression of the NlDfA and NlDfB proteins.Furthermore,RNA interference(RNAi)-mediated suppression of NlDfA and NlDfB dramatically increased the relative abundance of YLS in the fat body,while YLS in the hemolymph decreased significantly.These BPHs also displayed some fitness disadvantages in survival,fecundity,hatchability,and possibly the vertical transmission of YLS from hemolymph to egg.Our results indicated that mating could heighten the immunity of BPH by upregulating the expression of the NlDfA and NlDfB genes,which protect the host from pathogen challenges during reproduction.However,the reduced content of YLS may act as a fitness disadvantage in dictating the life-history traits of BPH.This work has significant theoretical and practical implications for the precise green control technology that involves crucial gene targeting,as well as for the“endosymbionts for pest control”strategy in insects.
基金partially supported by the Open Project Program from the Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs),China(212103)。
文摘Vegetable fields are often contaminated by heavy metals,and Spodoptera exigua is a major vegetable pest which is stressed by heavy metals mainly by feeding.In this study,cadmium accumulation in the tissues of S.exigua exposed to cadmium and its effects on the growth and development of the parents and the offspring were investigated.Under the stress of different concentrations of cadmium(0.2,3.2,and 51.2 mg kg^(-1)),the cadmium content in each tissue of S.exigua increased in a dose-dependent manner.At the larval stage,the highest cadmium accumulation was found in midgut in all three cadmium treatments,but at the adult stage,the highest cadmium content was found in fat body.In addition,the cadmium content in ovaries was much higher than in testes.When F1S.exigua was stressed by cadmium and the F_(2)generation was not fed a cadmium-containing diet,the larval survival,pupation rate,emergence rate and fecundity of the F_(2)generation were significantly reduced in the 51.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment compared to the corresponding F1generation.Even in the F_(2)generation of the 3.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment,the fecundity was significantly lower than in the parental generation.The fecundity of the only-female stressed treatment was significantly lower than that of the only-male stressed treatment at the 3.2 and 51.2 mg kg^(-1)cadmium exposure levels.When only mothers were stressed at the larval stage,the fecundity of the F_(2)generation was significantly lower than that of the F1generation in the 51.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment,and it was also significantly lower than in the 3.2 and 0.2 mg kg^(-1)treatments.The results of our study can provide useful information for forecasting the population increase trends under different heavy metal stress conditions and for the reliable environmental risk assessment of heavy metal pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972296,32172482)。
文摘Lycosidae females demonstrate meticulous maternal care of offspring by carrying egg sacs and juvenile spiderlings during the reproductive stage. Nuclear receptors(NRs), especially the ecdysone receptor(EcR) and ultraspiracle(USP), have attracted considerable attention in the regulation of arthropod development and reproduction due to their pivotal roles in ecdysteroid signaling cascades. In the present study, 23 NRs, including one EcR and two USPs, were identified in the genome of the predatory wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata. RNA interference(RNAi) targeting EcR and USP-1inhibited spiderling development and resulted in nonviable eggs in the egg sacs. EcR and USP-1responded to changes in ecdysteroid levels, and interference in ecdysteroid biosynthesis led to similar phenotypes as ds EcR and ds USP-1 treatments.These findings suggest that EcR/USP-1-mediated ecdysteroid signaling regulates P. pseudoannulata development and reproduction. The P.pseudoannulata females with suppressed ecdysteroid signaling proactively consumed their non-viable egg sacs, resulting in a 7.19 d shorter first reproductive cycle than the controls. Termination of the failed reproductive cycle enabled the spiders to produce a new egg sac more rapidly. This reproductive strategy may partially rescue the reduction in population growth due to non-viable eggs and compensate for the physiological expenditure of wasted maternal care, which would be beneficial for the conservation of P.pseudoannulata populations and their natural control of insect pests.
基金performed within the framework of State projects 122041100276-0 and 075-01027-2200。
文摘Reproduction technologies(RTs)can provide for the reliable reproduction of amphibians,as well as perpetuation of species genetic variation with the use of biobanks.In 1982,in anticipation of the biodiversity conservation crisis,major Russian institutions collaborated in a dynamic program to develop and implement RTs for the sustainable management of amphibian biodiversity.An initial primary focus was the captive breeding of threatened Russian endemic anuran and caudate species,using RTs that varied from environmental manipulation to the use of exogenous gonadotropic hormones to stimulate reproduction.These species were mostly from Palearctic or cool mountain regions,but also included a wide range of species from warm regions.Other early achievements included the successful cryopreservation of anuran spermatozoa and anuran diploid pluripotent cell nuclei,in order to store both the matrilineal and patrilineal genomes in biobanks,with their subsequent development to the blastula stage after implantation into enucleated oocytes.After the turn of the 21st Century,in support of the priorities of the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan(2007),we developed RTs for the refrigerated storage of testicular or urinary spermatozoa for days to weeks at 4℃,the cryopreservation of urinary spermatozoa using anovel cryoprotectant,the in vitro fertilisation of hormonally induced oocytes either fresh or after refrigerated ex situ or in situ storage,and the artificial insemination of salamanders with fresh spermatozoa.In this article,we describe previously unpublished techniques and techniques from obscure Russian sources.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(C2015012)Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund of Heilongjiang Province of China(LBH-Q15015)。
文摘The soybean aphid,Aphis glycines Matsumura,is an important pest of soybean,which is native to Asia.In this study,A.glycines fed on soybean(AgFS)and A.glycines fed on wild soybean(AgFW)were reared at 25℃,27℃,29℃,31℃,33℃and 35℃,respectively,and some of the life parameters were determined.At temperature ranging from 25℃to 31℃,nymphs of AgFS and AgFW all developed into adults successfully.Only a few nymphs of AgFS and AgFW developed into adults at 33℃and no nymphs could develop into adults at 35℃.Lifespan,fecundity and body size of AgFS and AgFW adults all decreased gradually with temperatures increasing from 25℃to 33℃.At 25℃,the intrinsic rate of increase of AgFS was as big as that at 27℃,which was smaller than that at 29℃,but was bigger than that at 31℃.Intrinsic rate of increase of AgFW decreased gradually with temperatures increasing from 25℃to 31℃.Nymph stage duration of AgFW was longer than or as long as that of AgFS;adult lifespan of AgFW was shorter than or as long as that of AgFS.Adult fecundity,intrinsic rate of increase and adult body size of AgFW were all smaller than or as big as those of AgFS.It showed that AgFS and AgFW both survived and developed well at temperature ranging from 25℃to 31℃,and AgFW was more adaptive to low temperatures.These results were important to study the adaptability of A.glycines to high temperatures and for predicting its dynamics in the temperature keeping rising region.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160086,32160287,31900271)Key Project of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Fund(QKHJC[2019]1455)+1 种基金Central Government Supporting Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(QKZYD[2021]4010)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202110665031,S202310665002,S202310665012).
文摘Based on the principle of asexual reproduction,a kind of scale breeding and reproduction technique of Ficus tikoua Bur.container seedlings was explored by using the characteristics of strong adaptability to the environment and fast growth and reproduction.Using non-woven bag as a breeding container for seedlings,the scale breeding and reproduction technique of F.tikoua container seedlings was summarized through the important links of seedling bed construction,seedling collection,soil configuration,container selection,cutting cultivation,field management,and disease and pest control.This technique can achieve differential,massive and sustainable efficient breeding and reproduction of F.tikoua seedlings in a short time.
文摘Reproductive biotechnologies offer us greater possibilities to improve animal genetics. However, the success of these depends on different factors such as the proper selection of the donor female. For this reason, endocrine markers have been used to evaluate the ovarian reserve, which allow a successful selection of donors. Recent research has shown, among other things, that concentrations greater than 0.130 ng/mL of anti-Mullerian hormone (also known as Muller-inhibiting substance, which is a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of growth and differentiation factors) are related to donors of more than fifteen transferable embryos. Therefore, this review describes studies showing that the measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations, before superovulation programs, reduces the costs per embryo produced.
文摘In order to increase the productivity of the local cavies as a meat animal, a study was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Research and Experimental Farm, Animal Nutrition and Production Research Unit of the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FAAS) and the Microbiology and Anti-Microbial Research Unite of the University of Dschang on 72 cavies aged between 4 and 5 months and weighing an average of 450 ± 50 g produced on the farm, including 60 females and 12 males. The females were distributed according to a completely randomized factorial design in twelve (12) rearing boxes numbered G1 to G12, with 15 females per group distributed in 03 boxes and receiving iso-nitrogenated experimental diet (18% protein) R0 enriched with 20% of Stylosanthes guianensis (0% garlic powder), R0.25 (0.25% garlic powder), R0.50 (0.50% garlic powder) and R0.75 (0.75% garlic powder). Females were identified by numbered ear tags and mated with a sex ratio of 5 females for 1 male. Drinking water enriched with vitamin C (01 tablet of 240 mg in 1.5 liters of water) was served ad libitum and renewed daily. The males were removed after 31 days. A form was established to record the weight of each pregnant female, any abortions during gestation, the date of parturition and the date of birth of each newborn, as well as the number of live-born or stillborn pups. After parturition, the weights of female and newborn cavies were recorded weekly until the 3<sup>rd</sup> week. The number of cavies that died before weaning and the number of live weaned cavies were also recorded. Reproductive performance significantly increased (p 0.05) fertility rate and net fertility rate, litter size, birth viability rate, and pre-weaning viability rate with rations containing garlic powder, compared to the control ration, especially with the R0.50 ration. In addition, birth mortality and pre-weaning mortality were significantly lower (p 0.05) with rations containing the additive, compared to those of the control ration (R0). However, the R0.50 ration showed the lowest rates, followed by the R0.25 ration, and finally the R0.75 ration. Weight development of young cavies increased with all rations but was more marked with the R0.50 ration. Only total weight gain (TG) and average daily weight gain (ADG) in the pre-weaning phase were significantly increased (p < 0.05) with rations R0.25 and R0.50.
文摘试验旨在探究“2+2”生产模式下不同粗蛋白质水平对白王种鸽繁殖性能和乳鸽生长性能的影响。试验选取产蛋性能相近的300日龄健康种鸽168对,随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复6对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为13.43%、15.04%、16.64%和18.25%的饲粮。试验期46 d,其中孵化期18 d (1~18 d),哺乳期28 d (19~46 d)。结果显示,试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组产蛋间隔显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组种蛋受精率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组入孵蛋孵化率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.01)。试验Ⅲ组乳鸽28日龄体重显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),乳鸽屠宰率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),乳鸽胸肌率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组窝料重比1极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。研究表明,不同粗蛋白质水平影响了种鸽的繁殖性能、乳鸽的生长性能以及窝料重比,在“2+2”生产模式下,建议白王种鸽饲粮适宜粗蛋白质水平为16.64%。