Strategic Scientific and Technological Capacity-Building in Clinical Medicine in China:Taking the Innovative Development of Reproductive Medicine at Peking University Third Hospital as an Example

Based on the macroanalysis of the unbalanced development of the"demand side"and the"supply side"of clinical medicine in China,this paper elucidates the stakeholders,resources,and ecosystem of the strategic scientific and technological capacity-building and calls for a larger coverage,smoother supply chain,and more sustainable ecosystem to ensure the development of clinical medicine.Furthermore,focusing on the establishment and development of clinical reproductive health in China,the authors introduce the strategic scientific and technological capacity-building of reproductive medicine in Peking University Third Hospital,with an attempt to inform similar efforts in other fields and even the whole clinical medicine in China.

Surrogacy in Reproductive Medicine: Ethical and Legal Analysis of the Procedure

This text sets out the different arguments regarding surrogacy as a reproductive medicine tech-nique in Colombia. The procedure is described, as well as the legal matters that this issue generates. Gestational carriers appear as an alternative for couples who want to have a child but they are not able to conceive because of infertility issues and do not want to go through an adoption process. Therefore, they adhere to surrogacy as an alternative of assisted human reproduction;a procedure that in Colombia faces serious legal gaps and causes ethical dilemmas in the collective imagery. These situations suggest an open discussion through a dialectics between the scientific progress advances, the lack of legal regulation and the constants against ethical positions that the surrogacy procedure causes in Colombia and other parts of the world.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Showing Promising Results in Reproductive Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)treatment including herbal formulas and acupuncture shows promising results in reproductive medicine.Shuguang Hospital’s IVF center is also applying TCM on IVF treatment.We hope that through sharing our publications,more IVF clinics,research institutes,and business companies would collaborate with us to carry TCM-enhanced IVF further.

Use of electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in reproductive medicine:a group consensus

Abstract： With the rapid development of assisted reproductive technology, various reproductive disorders have been effectively addressed. Acupuncture-like therapies, including electroacupuncture （EA） and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation （TEAS）, become more popular world-wide. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that EA and TEAS are effective in treating gynecological disorders, especially infertility. This present paper describes how to select acupoints for the treatment of infertility from the view of theories of traditional Chinese medicine and how to determine critical parameters of electric pulses of ENTEAS based on results from animal and clinical studies. It summarizes the principles of clinical application of EA/rEAS in treating various kinds of reproductive disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）, pain induced by oocyte retrieval, diminished ovarian reserve, embryo transfer, and oligosperrnia/ asthenospermia. The possible underlying mechanisms mediating the therapeutic effects of EA/TEAS in reproductive medicine are also examined.

Collagen-based materials in reproductive medicine and engineered reproductive tissues

Collagen,the main component of mammal skin,has been traditionally used in leather manufacturing for thousands of years due to its diverse physicochemical properties.Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals and the main component of the extracellular matrix(ECM).The properties of collagen also make it an ideal building block for the engineering of materials for a range of biomedical applications.Reproductive medicine,especially human fertility preservation strategies and reproductive organ regeneration,has attracted significant attention in recent years as it is key in resolving the growing social concern over aging populations worldwide.Collagen-based biomaterials such as collagen hydrogels,decellularized ECM(dECM),and bioengineering techniques including collagen-based 3D bio-printing have facilitated the engineering of reproductive tissues.This review summarizes the recent progress in apply-ing collagen-based biomaterials in reproductive.Furthermore,we discuss the prospects of collagen-based materials for engineering artificial reproductive tissues,hormone replacement therapy,and reproductive organ reconstruction,aiming to inspire new thoughts and advancements in engineered reproductive tissues research.

Predictive Modeling in Reproductive Medicine

The accurate prediction of fertility outcomes is an extremely interesting and challenging task in reproductive medicine. Efforts in this area focus on classic statistical models and newer technologies, including machine learning. The modeling process has three steps, namely, data preparation, model selection and data fitting, and model validation. Here, we present a review of studies on these methods of fertility prediction. Various databases were searched using relevant keywords. Original studies with full-text available on this topic were included for review. Earlier studies explored prediction models for spontaneous pregnancy prognosis, reproductive outcomes after intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization, and implantation potential based on embryo morphology and morphokinetic data. Future directions for predictive modeling in reproductive medicine include solving problems presented by big data, identifying novel informative features, balancing predictive power and result interpretability, and validating models with gold-standard study designs.

Application of Single-cell Sequencing Technologies in Reproductive Medicine

We have recently witnessed the rapid development of various single-cell sequencing technologies.Pioneering single cell assays are now available for the profiling of genome,epigenome,and transcriptome.Single-cell sequencing technologies provide multi-dimensional information on early embryonic development in humans and in clinical contexts where specimens are scarce.Here,we review several available techniques and their applications in reproductive medicine.Continuing development of multimodal single-cell sequencing measurement techniques in combination with multi-omics assays will provide comprehensive profiles of an individual cell and lead to the targeted therapy for reproductive disorders and infertility.

A New Page for Women's Reproductive Health in Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

The integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) of obstetrics and gynecology (OBS/GYN) emerged eventually with more than 40 years’ hard struggle, and one of the most promising articles is the integration of the masterpieces of menstrual disorder and infertility in TCM and the virtual explosion of new knowledge and methods in

Lazzaro Spallanzani: pioneer of artificial insemination, multidisciplinary research, and scientific dissemination

Lazzaro Spallanzani(1729-1799)was a father of modern biology,with peculiar traits such as a multidisciplinary approach and penchant for scientific dissemination.Spallanzani consistently contributed to modern reproductive medicine by implementing experimental methods for the first historically successful artificial insemination.Nevertheless,he participated in discoveries pertaining to blood circulation,digestion,and respiration.Widely known in Europe in the eighteenth century,his fame prolonged to the following century,not exclusively through scientific acknowledgments,but even in literature.Nowadays,the figure of Spallanzani experience a kind of neglect and it would appear essential to maintain his work in the light of the history of medicine.

Study of the influence of the biochemical composition of the human native ejaculate on the preservation of the male gametes’ activity after the application of cryopreservation technology

Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the biochemical composition of human native ejaculate on the preservation of male gamete activity after the application of cryopreservation technology and to evaluate the potential practical application of these findings in future fertilization processes.Methods:The methodology employed in this study involves a systematic analysis of the technological aspects of cryopreserving human semen,coupled with an analytical examination of how the biochemical composition of semen affects the preservation of male gamete activity.Results:The results of the study demonstrate a clear relationship between the activity of male gametes and changes in the biochemical composition of semen following cryopreservation.Conclusion:This study addresses the issue of male infertility in Kazakhstan and underscores the importance of research in embryology and reproductive medicine to effectively address this problem.

Correlation between women's sub-health and reproductive diseases with pregnancies and labors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether female sub-health conditions and reproductive diseases areassociated with pregnancies and labors.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed by using a structured questionnaire. A total of 1343 women aged 35 years or younger in six urban areas of Chengdu were included in the study.According to the Screening Criteria of sub-health conditions, these women were categorized into three groups: postpartum healthy group,sub-healthy group, and reproductive disease group. Data were double-entered using EpiData and the nanalyzed by SPSS.RESULTS: Pregnancy and labor were correlated with postpartum sub-health conditions. The number of pregnancies was negatively correlated with women's postnatal health but was positively correlated with the incidence of postpartum reproductive diseases.CONCLUSION: The number of pregnancies and labors is probably an important factor leading to sub-health conditions and the occurrence of reproductive diseases in women. Avoiding or reducing unwanted pregnancies and labors, enhancing the awareness of health among child bearing-age women are effective measures for preventing sub-health conditions.