New Developments in the Trumpification of the US Republican Party

The prominent performance of former US President Donald J.Trump in the 2024 presidential election cycle ref lects the ongoing developments of the Trumpification of the Republican Party(GOP).Since Trump left office,the Trumpification of the GOP has continued.In terms of ideological shaping,Trumpification is ref lected in the fact that the political stance of the GOP is dominated by Trump.In terms of personal influence,Trumpification is manifested by the overall acceptance of GOP elites and voters toward Trump's presidential candidacy,notwithstanding a decrease in their satisfaction with him.The recent developments in Trumpification are intricately linked to Trump's influence on the GOP's political ecology,such as the formation of a new GOP coalition and the reshaping of GOP elite composition.Additionally,these developments are also inf luenced by specific political factors,including the unique circumstances of the 2020 presidential election that led to Tr ump's“quasi-incumbent”status and the economic and immigration issues in the 2024 election that favor Trump.The role Trump plays in the 2024 election and its outcome will be critical in determining whether the inf luence of Trumpification,especially Trump himself,will persist or undergo changes.

Liberals, Communitarians, Republicans and the Intervention of the State in the Private Sphere

The aim of this paper is to discuss whether the increasing intervention of the state in the private sphere-as is evidenced in labor laws, consumer rights, bioethics, and Internet crimes-is compatible with the liberal ideal of neutrality, or, on the contrary, whether it can be seen as a turning point towards the position of communitarian or republican authors, for whom the state must endorse a substantive good. Such a turning point could lead to a reformulation of the public and private spheres, and of course, raise questions over which values justify which kinds of intervention. This paper will cover these debates in three parts： First, by presenting briefly the history of the liberal conception of rights, I will try to show that, from a starting point based mostly on individual protection, the liberal tradition has become more interventionist, which can be seen through the notion of ＂claim rights.＂ Departing from John Rawls＇s work, I will argue that this notion allows for some level of intervention, without betraying liberal neutrality. Subsequently, I will discuss the difference between this kind of intervention and the ones proclaimed by communitarians and republicans authors： The former will be illustrated by Michael Sandel＇s criticism of Rawls in Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, and the later by Richard Dagger＇s position in Civic Virtues, Citizenship, and Republican Liberalism. Finally, in the third part, we＇ll discuss whether liberal principles can be harmonized with the republican and communitarian focus on civic virtues and good life.

Social and Cultural Transformations in Republican China

This article discusses four major transformations that took place in China during the Republican period from 1912 to 1949. The imperial institution fell and was replaced by a republican form of government. Changes in the writing style took place. The new colloquial style pulled people away from the idea of searching the past for answers to future questions. Popular culture changed. Men abandoned the queue and long gown, women forgot about footbinding. New technologies brought new ways of life to most Chinese and, surprisingly, many of the despotic warlords adopted telegraphs, railroads, and automobiles. By the 1950s, China had changed, but in a manner very similar to the rest of the world. In that sense China in the Republican period was in the mainstream of modern change.

Politicizing the queue： The social, political and cultural symbolism of hair in Qing dynasty and young republican China

The human body, such as hair, serves as a prism through which historical and cultural contexts are effectively refracted. Despite its historical and cultural significance, the role of hair, however, remains curiously a marginalized subject among the renewed interests on the body in the academic fields. In this paper, the author attempts to politicize the queue from 3 perspectives： maintaining a certain prescribed hairstyle is a top-down gesture to construct national conformity; the boundary between Manchu and Han is invoked and reinvented through the battles surrounding the queue politic in late Qing and early Republic; the widespread debate between keeping the queue and cutting the queue at the turn of the 20th century epitomizes the haunting rhetoric of traditionalism and modernism pursuit of modernity in China.

The Republican Party’s Hard-Line Stance toward China

In recent years,the Republican Party of the United States has held a negative perception of China,passed confrontational policies targeting China,and maintained a hard-line stance toward China.With this hard-line stance,the Republican Party and United States conservatives have sought to ignite a new culture war related to foreign policy and national security and gain political leverage amidst a climate of political polarization.The Republican Party’s strategy has not only intensified partisan conflicts and accelerated societal collapse in the United States but has also obstructed the development of China-US relations.Consequently,the China factor has transformed the United States’national security strategy to an unprecedented degree.In the near future,the United States’policy toward China will become intimately tied to the vicissitudes of the Republican Party and the political actions of powerful men in the United States.

Content Features of Medical Journal Zhong Xi Yi Xue Bao(《中西医学报》The International Medical Journal)during the Republican Period and Its Impact on Medicine

As a medical jourmal during the republican period,Zhong Xi Yi Xue Bao(《中西医学报》The International Medical Journal)was characterized by rich and popular content,wide range of know ledge,and better popularization.It had played an important role in spreading modem Western medicine and popularizing medical knowledge in China,promoted the development of modern Chinese medicine and its integration with Western medicine,thus provided essential research value and far-reaching influence for medical science.

Enhancing Understanding Developing Friendship—Highlights in the Visit to China by the US Republicans Delegation

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The Delegation of American Republicans Visited China

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共和爱国主义理论的三次浪潮:一种观念史的分析

在当代爱国主义理论中,共和爱国主义理论是一种较为重要的理论,甚至可以被视为当代爱国主义理论的最新发展之一。共和爱国主义理论是一种以“自由”为中心的爱国主义理论,这种自由的实现需要某种特别的共同体即“共和国”,不过,无论是自由的有效维系,还是共和国的正常运转,都离不开“公民美德”的支撑。共和爱国主义的历史非常悠久,可以分为古典共和爱国主义理论、现代共和爱国主义理论和当代共和爱国主义理论,不过,共和爱国主义理论无法适应现代多元社会。

公域视界的捍卫:自由议题的新共和主义论证

消极自由本身所带有的逃避政治的倾向在不断深入的现代生活中走向了激进,从而使得自由这一价值成为了隔绝公共生活的防火墙。在此基础上,主张私域优先与宽容原则的结果是公共生活出现了“部落化”特征。为了捍卫日益衰退的公共生活,新共和主义者们从自由概念出发对这一价值进行重新论证,不论是强调自由的积极参与面向还是免于支配面向,其最终都将视界锁定在公共领域的维护之上。尽管新共和主义者们给出的自由方案遭到了各方的质疑与批判,但是却为弥合个人生活与公共生活间的裂痕提供了新的思考路径与方案。

从儒家经典到课本选文:清末民初读经科向国文科的转化与融入

民国初年读经被取消后又被反复提倡,但清末的读经科部分转化、融入了国文科并影响了国文科的发展:国文科课程目标中的“德”由读经科转入,教材中部分课文是对读经科中的整本儒家经典的节选,教学中的诵读法也来自读经科。转化的发生及其成功,主要原因是:读经科改变了形式,顺应了现代教育(国文)的变化,教育目的由培养臣民转为培养公民,教育形式由私塾中的单个点拨到学堂中的班级授课,国文教材形态由专书变为选文,考试文体由八股变为古文。

美国两党对台政策的差异及影响

In the context of the whole-of-government strategic approach the United States(US)currently applies toward China,the Democratic and Republican parties have reached a consensus on“using Taiwan to contain China,”compromising the integrity of the one-China policy and seriously eroding the political foundations of China–US relations.However,considerable differences persist between the two parties regarding Taiwan policy.The Republicans,as represented by Donald Trump,have appeared more radical and more straightforward,whereas the incumbent Biden administration of the Democratic Party has shown significant duplicity.Democrats in the US Congress have introduced relatively fewer Taiwan-related bills than their Republican counterparts;by comparison,some Republican lawmakers have even introduced resolutions calling for resuming“diplomatic ties”with Taiwan.The Taiwan policy gap between the Democratic and Republican parties mirrors their differences on China policy:liberal think tanks advocate for“strategic ambiguity”on Taiwan,but conservatives back“strategic clarity.”And the gap also ref lects the shifting lobbying priorities of Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party.Looking ahead to the upcoming decade,the Democratic and Republican par ties will continue to compete to“support Taiwan,”thus rendering the Taiwan question even more dangerous.After 2024,if Democrats remain in power,they may hasten the“internationalization”of the Taiwan question;otherwise,if Republicans return to the White House and both chambers of Congress,China and the US may find their relationship even more confrontational.Although the political situation in Taiwan will very unlikely have any fundamental impact on the Taiwan Strait,it will,to a certain extent,influence the intensity of China–US rivalry.

民国时期中央研究院研究生制度的建立与演变

民国时期是中国研究生教育的起步和制度建立阶段,在中国教育史和近现代科学史上具有特殊的地位。中央研究院研究生教育是该时段研究生教育的重要部分。该院研究生制度的确立与演变,是其研究生教育实践的基础。结合相关制度规定,对照该院职员录和有关人员薪俸档案等资料,详细梳理中央研究院研究生制度的设置缘起、确立与演进。分析表明,中央研究院的“研究生”概念外延较大,事实上某些时间段的练习助理员、练习员、助理员从制度规定上看就是严格意义的研究生,而有些时段练习助理员等则模糊等同于研究生。在整个制度探索过程中,宏大理想与系统性缺失、灵活而松散、自由又集中、积极努力却执行不力等优势和问题并存是此时中央研究院研究生相关制度的显著特点。构建自成体系的研究生教育系统和规范且自主的科学文化是其显见的制度目标。中研院研究生虽无学位但却产生了人才培养实效,是研究机构学术人才培育的一种有益探索,也是对高校研究生教育的补充。

话语构建与国家认同:民国时期国术考试(国考)的实践表征

国术考试承载着国族建构的政治诉求和情感需求,是民国时期武术国家化的实践。探究国术考试的形成、发生、特性发现,其嵌入国族建构的正当性表现在历史性、进步性和时代性方面,并为游走于国家社会边缘的武人群体构建了政治、经济、教育的话语。这强化了武术与国家的联系,武人群体由此得以参与国族建构之中。通过仪式操演的空间塑造、国家在场的话语表达、政治规训等手段,国术考试成为国族建构的践行空间。武术被上升到“国术”高度,借助“竞赛”“考试”开启现代化之路。

何谓“公民复兴运动中的最后一幕”?——论波考克的公民共和主义与美国政治秩序的关系

本文讨论了波考克在《马基雅维利时刻》中对美国革命的看法及其与公民共和主义的关系。结合阐释这一概念所需的思想史框架,指出波考克将美国革命称为“公民复兴运动的最后一幕”的原因;并且,通过对比波考克和戈登·伍德的美国革命解释,文章呈现了波考克意义上的共和主义如何落实为一套秩序形式,以及这种秩序与美国的关系。以此为基础,文章对波考克的写作“语境”进行了反思,提示在生存论的意义上理解“共和”概念,从不断生成社会运动的角度判断政治秩序的成立,可能是波考克构建思想史和判断具体问题的条件。

何谓共和国?——詹姆斯·哈林顿与现代共和国的形塑

目前对哈林顿的研究常重视其政府原则,而轻视其共和国模型。哈林顿的共和国模型形成于17世纪50年代英国的政治语境中,是对“什么是共和国”问题的回应。哈林顿通过回应此问题,对近代西方共和主义思想发展作出了重要贡献:证明了法治共和国的存在;赋予“平等”“民主”以正面含义,使之与共和国和政治稳定建立正向关联;将共和国与代议制结合,构想了适应大型民族国家的代议制共和国,摆脱了直接民主与小国寡民的束缚,使共和国在现代社会的建立首次具有了理论和实践上的可行性,并影响了美国的政治思想和实践。

格劳秀斯在英国“清教徒革命”时期的思想影响——关于法治与个人自由的历史考察(上)

17世纪的英国斯图亚特王朝时代发生了两次前所未有的“革命”——“清教徒革命”和“光荣革命”,最终确立了君主立宪制,英国由此成为世界上第一个确立法治的国家。英国的这两次“革命”在很大程度上都是斯图亚特王朝交织在一起的政治冲突和宗教冲突激化的结果。近年来西方史学界许多研究成果表明,荷兰学者胡果·格劳秀斯在英国的两次“革命”期间都有过重要的思想影响,因此研究格劳秀斯学说对英国的影响具有考察法治与个人自由的历史和现实意义。虽然“清教徒革命”期间“保王党人”和“议会党人”双方都利用格劳秀斯学说为自己的立场辩解,但本文重点论述格劳秀斯对“议会党人”代表性理论家亨利·帕克、对英国共和主义代表性理论家詹姆士·哈林顿和约翰·弥尔顿的思想影响。“清教徒革命”虽然在表面上失败了,但在限制国王特权、提升议会主导作用以及改善英国国教会等方面产生了永久性结果,并为后来的“光荣革命”奠定了基础。

民国时期安徽防治水旱灾害的思想与实践探究

民国时期,安徽自然灾害频繁发生,类型多样,主要以水旱灾害为主。自然灾害的严重状况,引起了国人的关注与反思,森林和水利防灾思想开始盛行,造林和水利事业成为这一时期安徽省建设的重要内容。民国时期,安徽省颁布了一系列森林保护法规,开展植树造林运动,造林事业开始兴起。1931年水灾后,安徽省的水利建设思想开始转变为以预防水旱灾害为主,全省制定了四期水利工程建设计划,开展了大规模的水利工程建设,成效明显,发挥了应有的防灾保障作用。纵观民国时期安徽省的防灾工作,虽然一些计划没有落实到位,但是其防灾思想与实践,对于当时的水旱灾害治理具有一定的成效,对我们今天的防灾减灾也具有借鉴价值和意义。

政治极化背景下美国共和党的“内斗”新态势

近年来,随着内部政治生态的演变,美国共和党的“内斗”态势愈加显著,并愈益撕裂着该党的聚合力。从形式来看,共和党的“内斗”主要表现在派系之间的相互角力、“楔子议题”的争论不休和外交政策的分歧加剧。内部的相互角力不断消耗共和党与民主党相抗衡的政治底气和资本,并以一种自内向外的方式逐步将该党推向分裂。共和党如此分化的局面是政党极化加剧、基层选民“部落化”以及特朗普个人争议属性等主客观因素交互作用的结果。从影响来看,共和党的内部分化不仅将对2024年的美国总统选举产生一定的影响,而且也将对其未来权力结构、发展方向和美国国内政治生态的转型带来不可忽视的影响。

词作唱和·异域风物·情感认同——南社视域下的《花屿禊游图》创制及其题辞研究

作为近代第一大文人团体,即使在其主任柳亚子宣告南社解体之后,南社仍为倾心古典文艺的文人提供人脉资源和交流机会。建立在南社交游网络和传统文化认同的两重基础之上,1926年围绕南社粤籍社员谈月色所绘《花屿禊游图》展开的词作唱和活动,是南社文人传承南宋雅词风格的体现,也是近代岭南词风的延续。作为《花屿禊游图》题辞的咏物唱和词作通过拟人、比附等方式塑造婉约词境,交流南社词人相近的文化品味,并以旧典新用的方式建构异域风物海紫杜鹃花的流散体验。以南宋王沂孙《三姝媚》词的伤感意绪为底蕴,唱和诸作深受常州词风影响,通过意内言外的用典途径书写感时伤世的情感共鸣。此次南社词人占主导的唱和活动既反映出传统词体拓展现代题材书写空间的努力,也因受限于格律和作者心态等因素,难以推进词体新意境的开拓。