Global trends in international research collaboration, 1980-2021

Purpose:The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of international research collaboration from 1980 to 2021.The study examines the main global patterns as well as those specific to individual countries,country groups,and different areas of research.Design/methodology/approach:The study is based on the Web of Science Core collection database.More than 50 million publications are analyzed using co-authorship data.International collaboration is defined as publications having authors affiliated with institutions located in more than one country.Findings:At the global level,the share of publications representing international collaboration has gradually increased from 4.7%in 1980 to 25.7%in 2021.The proportion of such publications within each country is higher and,in 2021,varied from less than 30%to more than 90%.There are notable disparities in the temporal trends,indicating that the process of internationalization has impacted countries in different ways.Several factors such as country size,income level,and geopolitics may explain the variance.Research limitations:Not all international research collaboration results in joint co-authored scientific publications.International co-authorship is a partial indicator of such collaboration.Another limitation is that the applied full counting method does not take into account the number of authors representing in each country in the publication.Practical implications:The study provides global averages,indicators,and concepts that can provide a useful framework of reference for further comparative studies of international research collaboration.Originality/value:Long-term macro-level studies of international collaboration are rare,and as a novelty,this study includes an analysis by the World Bank’s division of countries into four income groups.

China's landscape in oncology drug research:perspectives from research collaboration networks

Objective： Better understanding of China＇s landscape in oncology drug research is of great significance for discovering anti-cancer drugs in future. This article differs from previous studies by focusing on Chinese oncology drug research communities in co-publication networks at the institutional level. Moreover, this research aims to explore structures and behaviors of relevant research units by thematic community analysis and to address policy recommendations. Methods： This research used social network analysis to define an institutions network and to identify a community network which is characterized by thematic content. Results： A total of 675 sample articles from 2008 through 2012 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded （SCIE） database of Web of Science, and top institutions and institutional pairs are highlighted for further discussion. Meanwhile, this study revealed that institutions based in the Chinese mainland are located in a relatively central position, Taiwan＇s institutions are closely assembled on the side, and Hong Kong＇s units located in the middle of the Chinese mainland＇s and Taiwan＇s. Spatial division and institutional hierarchy are still critical barriers to research collaboration in the field of anti-cancer drugs in China. In addition, the communities focusing on hot research areas show the higher nodal degree, whereas communities giving more attention to rare research subjects are relatively marginalized to the periphery of network. Conclusions= This paper offers policy recommendations to accelerate cross-regional cooperation, such as through developing information technology and increasing investment. The brokers should focus more on outreach to other institutions. Finally, participation in topics of common interest is conducive to improved efficiency in research and development （R＆D） resource allocation.

Measuring and Visualizing Research Collaboration and Productivity

Purpose： This paper presents findings of a quasi-experimental assessment to gauge the research productivity and degree of interdisciplinarity of research center outputs. Of special interest, we share an enriched visualization of research co-authoring patterns. Design/methodology/approach： We compile publications by 45 researchers in each of 1） the iUTAH project, which we consider here to be analogous to a ＂research center,＂ 2） CG1-a comparison group of participants in two other Utah environmental research centers, and 3） CG2--a comparison group of Utah university environmental researchers not associated with a research center. We draw bibliometric data from Web of Science and from Google Scholar. We gather publications for a period before iUTAH had been established （2010-2012） and a period after （2014-2016）. We compare these research outputs in terms of publications and citations thereto. We also measure interdisciplinarity using Integration scoring and generate science overlay maps to locate the research publications across disciplines. Findings： We find that participation in the iUTAH project appears to increase research outputs （publications in the After period） and increase research citation rates relative to the comparison group researchers （although CG 1 research remains most cited, as it was in the Before period）. Most notably, participation in iUTAH markedly increases co-authoring among researchers--in general; and for junior, as well as senior, faculty; for men and women： across organizations; and across disciplines. Research limitations： The quasi-experimental design necessarily generates suggestive, not definitively causal, findings because of the imperfect controls. Practical implications： This study demonstrates a viable approach for research assessment of a center or program for which random assignment of control groups is not possible. It illustrates use of bibliometric indicators to inform R＆D program management. Originality/value： New visualizations of researcher collaboration provide compelling comparisons of the extent and nature of social networking among target cohorts.

Regional tendencies of research collaboration of social sciences in China:Analysis based on papers of economic journals

Purpose:This study intends to evaluate the regional tendencies of research collaboration of social sciences in China,and shows the pattern of China’s inter-regional research collaboration(IRRC).Design/methodology/approach:By using 10 years’ data of 150 economic journals in CNKI database,this paper used the Salton index as the indicator to measure the collaborative intensity of 31 regions in China.Findings:First,regional tendencies of research collaboration in social sciences do exist in China.Second,there is a positive correlation between collaborative tendency and regional scientific productivity.Every region would like to cooperate with high productive regions,and high productive regions tend to have collaborations within the region itself.Third,geographical proximity is an important factor affecting China’s IRRC.Research limitations:There are many other important external conditions which may affect research collaboration,but not all of them have been taken into account in this research.Practical implications:The proposed method can be also applied to detect cooperation preference of different authors,scientific research institutions and countries.And the study will help us understand the importance of distance in scholarly cooperation.Originality/value:Previous researches proved that regional research collaborations exist in natural sciences in China,while this research showed that the same phenomenon also appears in social sciences in China.

International Mentorship and Research Collaboration: Evidence from European-Trained Chinese PhD Returnees

Drawing on a unique dataset that combines returnees’survey data and their information on research publications extracted from the Scopus database,this study systematically examines whether and how international doctoral mentorship for Chinese students in European countries promotes research collaboration before and upon the return of these Chinese PhDs to China.The results show that a considerable proportion of European-trained Chinese PhD returnees had co-authorship with their supervisors during their PhD study,and most of them maintained this research partnership after returning to China.In addition to the co-authorship during doctoral study,some individual characteristics(e.g.,gender and marital status)and organizational factors(e.g.,country of doctoral study and current work unit)were also found to contribute to international research collaboration upon the return to China of these Chinese PhD holders.This study sheds new light on the mobility and research collaboration of international students and provides policy implications for promoting Sino-foreign student exchange and research collaboration.

Research topics in the international research collaboration measurement domain

Here we report on a study that combined a scoping review with co-occurrence analysis to assess the current state of publications and research topics in the area of international research collaboration measurement(IRCM).Our study found that IRCM studies have been published in source titles of diverse subject areas and that there are two core research topics that have been commonly discussed across different subject areas in the IRCM domain-scientific productivity measurement and scientific impact measurement.The appearance of papers about IRCM in venues beyond those concerned only with bibliometric measures indicates the broad importance of IRCM for diverse research subjects,and that studies of IRC within particular fields should draw on diverse venues to provide a holistic and interdisciplinary picture of IRCM.

Reflections on 25 Years of Social Science Research Collaboration in China

This paper is to reflect on 25 wonderful years of my collaboration with the Chinese scientists and policy makers on social science and operations research in sexual reproductive health. Past and ongoing collaboration is reviewed, followed by a discussion on the record of achievements and ideas for future directions and research priorities. The paper represents my views based on an exceptionally rich personal and professional experience working with numerous Chinese scientists on a range of research topics.

International Collaborations In Geodesy Advance Geoscience Research

UNAVCO supports geoscience research at 113 US academic Member institutions,and another 104 Associate Member institutions include international universities,laboratories,observatories,academies of science,and a museum.This diverse membership shares UNAVCO’s purpose at home and abroad,giving UNAVCO global reach in advancing geodesy.Since the mid-1980s,modern geodesy has evolved into a cutting-edge,multi-faceted toolbox with remarkably diverse research and real-world applications,including studies and observation or forecasting of solid-Earth hazards,the dynamics of the atmosphere,climate,near-Earth space environment,and of key environmental parameters such as water storage,soil moisture,and seaand lake-level changes.UNAVCO operates facilities on behalf of the U.S.National Science Foundation to support investigators who use geodetic tools across all of these Earth and atmospheric domains.UNAVCO has built a number of large dense regional networks of GPS stations,including the Earth Scope Plate Boundary Observatory in North America,the COCONetCaribbean network,TLALOCNet in Mexico,GNET in Greenland,and ANET in Antarctica.Going forward,UNAVCO plans to federate the Plate Boundary Observatory(USA),TLALOCNet(Mexico),and COCONet(Caribbean)GPS networks as the Network of the Americas,with upgrades to state-of-the-art,multi-sensor,multi-GNSS observations.While UNAVCO community scientists actively engage in using space and terrestrial geodetic techniques to study geodynamics at all scales,this proliferation of continuous networks is the basis for a suite of recent contributions that focus on improved daily positioning to sense Earth’s elastic response and other perturbations to loading by atmospheric and surface water,oceans,and ice.Day-to-day and sub-daily variations in the GPS vertical and horizontal correlate to increasingly well-understood short-term mass variability,such as monsoonal flooding in Bangladesh,sub-daily changes in tidal loading at continent scales,day-to-day surface water and ice storage in the western U.S.,variations in the rate of GIA in Greenland across a variety of scales,and improved understanding of the inter-annual variation in sea level rise due to changes in terrestrial water storage.

Social Network Analysis of COVID-19 Research and the Changing International Collaboration Structure

Research in Information Science and interdisciplinary areas suggested the formation of a growing network of international research collaboration.The massive transmission of COVID-19 worldwide especially after the identification of the Omicron variant could fundamentally alter the factors shaping the network's development.This study employs network analysis methods to analyze the structure of the COVID-19 research collaboration from 2020 to 2022,using two major academic publication databases and the VOSviewer software.A novel temporal view is added by examining the dynamic changes of the network,and a fractional counting method is adopted as methodological improvements to previous research.Analysis reveals that the COVID-19 research network structure has undergone substantial changes over time,as collaborating countries and regions form and re-form new clusters.Transformations in the network can be partly explained by key developments in the pandemic and other social-political events.China as one of the largest pivots in the network formed a relatively distinct cluster,with potential to develop a larger Asia-Pacific collaboration cluster based on its research impact.

Identification and Visualization of Spatial and Temporal Trends in Textile Industry

The research volume increases at the study rate,causing massive text corpora.Due to these enormous text corpora,we are drowning in data and starving for information.Therefore,recent research employed different text mining approaches to extract information from this text corpus.These proposed approaches extract meaningful and precise phrases that effectively describe the text’s information.These extracted phrases are commonly termed keyphrases.Further,these key phrases are employed to determine the different fields of study trends.Moreover,these key phrases can also be used to determine the spatiotemporal trends in the various research fields.In this research,the progress of a research field can be better revealed through spatiotemporal bibliographic trend analysis.Therefore,an effective spatiotemporal trend extraction mechanism is required to disclose textile research trends of particular regions during a specific period.This study collected a diversified dataset of textile research from 2011–2019 and different countries to determine the research trend.This data was collected from various open access journals.Further,this research determined the spatiotemporal trends using quality phrasemining.This research also focused on finding the research collaboration of different countries in a particular research subject.The research collaborations of other countries’researchers show the impact on import and export of those countries.The visualization approach is also incorporated to understand the results better.

Cardiopulmonary prognosis of prophylactic endotracheal intubation in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding undergoing endoscopy

BACKGROUND:It is controversial whether prophylactic endotracheal intubation(PEI)protects the airway before endoscopy in critically ill patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB).The study aimed to explore the predictive value of PEI for cardiopulmonary outcomes and identify high-risk patients with UGIB undergoing endoscopy.METHODS:Patients undergoing endoscopy for UGIB were retrospectively enrolled in the eICU Collaborative Research Database(eICU-CRD).The composite cardiopulmonary outcomes included aspiration,pneumonia,pulmonary edema,shock or hypotension,cardiac arrest,myocardial infarction,and arrhythmia.The incidence of cardiopulmonary outcomes within 48 h after endoscopy was compared between the PEI and non-PEI groups.Logistic regression analyses and propensity score matching analyses were performed to estimate effects of PEI on cardiopulmonary outcomes.Moreover,restricted cubic spline plots were used to assess for any threshold effects in the association between baseline variables and risk of cardiopulmonary outcomes(yes/no)in the PEI group.RESULTS:A total of 946 patients were divided into the PEI group(108/946,11.4%)and the non-PEI group(838/946,88.6%).After propensity score matching,the PEI group(n=50)had a higher incidence of cardiopulmonary outcomes(58.0%vs.30.3%,P=0.001).PEI was a risk factor for cardiopulmonary outcomes after adjusting for confounders(odds ratio[OR]3.176,95%confidence interval[95%CI]1.567-6.438,P=0.001).The subgroup analysis indicated the similar results.A shock index>0.77 was a predictor for cardiopulmonary outcomes in patients undergoing PEI(P=0.015).The probability of cardiopulmonary outcomes in the PEI group depended on the Charlson Comorbidity Index(OR 1.465,95%CI 1.079-1.989,P=0.014)and shock index>0.77(compared with shock index≤0.77[OR 2.981,95%CI 1.186-7.492,P=0.020,AUC=0.764]).CONCLUSION:PEI may be associated with cardiopulmonary outcomes in elderly and critically ill patients with UGIB undergoing endoscopy.Furthermore,a shock index greater than 0.77 could be used as a predictor of a worse prognosis in patients undergoing PEI.

A Novel Method for Resolving and Completing Authors' Country Affiliation Data in Bibliographic Records

Purpose: Our work seeks to overcome data quality issues related to incomplete author affiliation data in bibliographic records in order to support accurate and reliable measurement of international research collaboration(IRC).Design/methodology/approch: We propose, implement, and evaluate a method that leverages the Web-based knowledge graph Wikidata to resolve publication affiliation data to particular countries. The method is tested with general and domain-specific data sets.Findings: Our evaluation covers the magnitude of improvement, accuracy, and consistency. Results suggest the method is beneficial, reliable, and consistent, and thus a viable and improved approach to measuring IRC.Research limitations: Though our evaluation suggests the method works with both general and domain-specific bibliographic data sets, it may perform differently with data sets not tested here. Further limitations stem from the use of the R programming language and R libraries for country identification as well as imbalanced data coverage and quality in Wikidata that may also change over time.Practical implications: The new method helps to increase the accuracy in IRC studies and provides a basis for further development into a general tool that enriches bibliographic data using the Wikidata knowledge graph.Originality: This is the first attempt to enrich bibliographic data using a peer-produced, Webbased knowledge graph like Wikidata.

Science collaboration in West Africa after the first regional STI policy (2011-2020)

The scientific publications of the 15 West African countries published from 2011 to 2020 were analysed.The co-authorship,the total publications per year,the collaboration rate,the relative specialisation index,and the intraregional production were analysed.It comes out that the region produces more than one hundred thousand papers in ten years,which means more than ten thousand per year,tripling its performance as compared with the previous decade.The number of co-authors per paper increases and rises from 4.6 to 6.4.The international collaboration rate is 58%,suggesting that the region's publishing activity depends more on abroad,even though differences were registered at individual country level:some countries multiply by more than 10 their production as compared to the previous decade.The intraregional collaboration is still low(around 5%),meaning that the region's countries do not collaborate with each other and prefer abroad.As far as fields of science are concerned,it appears that the domestic papers perform better in Humanities and Social sciences,whereas the internationally co-authored papers perform better in Natural sciences and Engineering and technology and lesser in Agricultural sciences and Medical and health sciences.

Tenure-Track Assistant Professor in Integrative Systems Engineering NSF Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere(CASA) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

In conjunction with the NSF Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA),the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Massachusetts Amherst invites applications for a tenure-track position in Integrative Systems Engineering(ISE) at the Assistant Professor level to begin September 2009.