A Research Program of Spherical Tokamak in China

The mission of this program is to explore the spherical torus plasma with a SUNIST spherical tokamak. Main experiments in the start phase will be involved with breakdown and plasma current set-up with a mode of saving volt-second and without ohmic heating system, equilibrium and instability, current driving, heating and profile modification. The SUNIST is a university-scale conceptual spherical tokamak, with R = 0.3 m, A 1.3, Ip - 50 kA, BT < 0.15 T, and PRF - 100 kW. The only peculiarity of SUNIST is that there is a toroidal insulating break along the outer wall of vacuum vessel. The expected that advantages of this arrangement are helpful not only for saving flux swing, but also for having a deep understanding of what will influence the discharge startup and globe performances of plasma under different conditions of strong vessel eddy and ECR power assistance. Of course, the vessel structure of cross seal will be at a great risk of controlling vacuum quality, although we have achieved positive results on simulation test and vacuum vessel test.

National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) Indo-Pacific Oceanic Channel Project Special Issue

1 INTRODUCTION The tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans span over twothirds of the global tropical oceans.A major warm pool with the highest large-scale sea surface temperature of the global oceans is located in the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans.The climate systems over the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are subject to strong ocean-atmosphere coupling at multiple scales from intraseasonal to interannual,and to centennial.The

Special Topic on Major Research Program: Catalysis Science for Carbon-based Energy Conversion

The major research program,"Catalysis science for carbon-based energy conversion",from the national science foundation of China(NSFC)answers to the main strategic needs of China for the efficien use of carbon-based energy and targets to address the key scientifi issues involved in the catalytic interfaces.The research program aims to improve the catalytic activation of C–H and C–O bonds and the C–C coupling process,

Study of Impacts of Small Business Innovation Research Programs

The development and commercialization of new technologies are important to the global economy. In this paper, the author first addresses Small Business Innovation Research （SBIR） background ; then, implicitly defines SBIR ; finally, I also analyze the impacts of smaU business innovation research programs. There are four aspects ： entrepreneurial orientation; environmental factors; organizational factors and performanee.

China to Open State Research Program to Overseas Scientists

China will open part of its civil projects in national research program, including hi-tech development programs and major basic research programs to overseas scientists, said a senior official with the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). Facing the globalization trend in terms of economy and S&T development, China will take a

Foreign Scientists Join National Research Program for the First Time

Aproposal to carry out research into the chemistry of molecular agglomerate, jointly made by Tong Zhenhe with CAS Institute of Physical and Chemical Technologies, Jiang Xikui with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shen Jiaocong of Jilin University, and two German and

Friedrich Ackermann’s scientific research program

We sketch Friedrich Ackermann’s research program following the concept of Imre Lakatos,with some historical key developments in the theory and application of aerotriangulation and image matching.The research program,with its core being statistical estimation theory,has decisively influenced photogrammetry since the 60s,is still fully alive,and a challenge for today’s methods of image interpretation.We describe(1)Lakatos’concept of a scientific research program,with its negative and positive heuristics and(2)Ackermann’s research program,clearly made explicit in his PhD,with its mathematical model,the ability to predict theoretical precision and reliability,the potential of analyzing rigorous and approximate method,and the role of testing.The development of aerotriangulation,later augmented by image matching techniques,is closely connected to Ackermann’s successful attempts to integrate basic research and practical applications.

Eighty research programs win medical science awards

Eighty medical science research programs won national awards at the Great Hall of the People here Monday, with more than 2000 representatives from the sector attending the award ceremony.

Marine Research Accomplishments by CAS under National 863 Program

This article gives a systematic and comprehensive summary of the marine research results ac complished by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) with the support of the National High-tech Research and Development Program during the period of the Ninth Five-year Plan (1996 - 2000). It includes achievements in the exploitation of marine resources, protection of the marine environment, reduction of marine disasters and the safeguarding of national marine sovereignty.

Practice on Capability Accreditation Program(CAP)of Ethics Review System for Chinese Medicine Research

Capability Accreditation Program(CAP) of Ethics Review System for Chinese Medicine Research of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS) is the first certification project in the field of Chinese medicine research on ethics review. Based on the Requirements for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human, ethical review system for Chinese medicine research was established and standardized from 4 aspects, such as organization, ethics committee, office of the ethics committee, and researchers. The period of CAP certification is three years, which include certification application and acceptance, initial certification(document review, on-site audit), certification decision, and supervision audit. The implementation of the CAP certification is of great importance for upgrading the research on ethics review system of Chinese medicine, which promotes the development of the research on ethics review system in China and the continuous improvement of the ability of the Chinese medicine research on ethics review.

Mash1 efficiently reprograms rat astrocytes into neurons

To date, it remains poorly understood whether astrocytes can be easily reprogrammed into neurons. Mashl and Brn2 have been previously shown to cooperate to reprogram fibroblasts into neurons. In this study, we examined astrocytes from 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and found that Brn2 was expressed, but Mashl was not detectable. Thus, we hypothesized that Mashl alone could be used to reprogram astrocytes into neurons. We transfected a recombinant MSCV-MASH1 plasmid into astrocytes for 72 hours, and saw that all cells expressed Mashl. One week later, we observed the changes in morphology of astrocytes, which showed typical neuro- nal characteristics. Moreover, β-tubulin expression levels were significantly higher in astrocytes expressing Mashl than in control cells. These results indicate that Mashl alone can reprogram astrocytes into neurons.

泛凋亡在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

泛凋亡(PANoptosis)是一种独特的程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death,PCD)形式,具有细胞焦亡、凋亡和坏死性凋亡的特征,但不能单独用其中任何一种途径来完全解释。泛凋亡进程受泛凋亡小体(PANoptosome)的调控。研究表明,泛凋亡相关基因的表达在不同肿瘤中有所不同,其参与了肿瘤免疫和癌细胞的死亡,这为肿瘤的治疗提供了新的方向。该文就泛凋亡的机制及其在肿瘤治疗中的作用进行综述,以期为基于泛凋亡的肿瘤诊疗研究提供新的见解。

Science Researches of Chinese Manned Space Flight

With the complete success of the 2nd stage of Chinese Manned Space Program(CMSP),several science researches have been performed on Tiangong-1 experimental spacelab, which was docked with three Shenzhou spaceships one after another. The China's real spacelab, Tiangong-2 will be launched in 2015, docked with a Shenzhou spaceship soon. After six months, it will be docked with the first Chinese cargo ship(Tianzhou-1). More space science researches, involving with space biology, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, Earth science, astronomy and space environmental science, will be operated on Tiangong-2 spacelab, and crewed and cargo spaceships. Furthermore, the considerable large-scale space utilization of Shina's Space Station is planned. The research fields include yet not limited to space medicine and physiology, space life science and biotechnology, fluid physics and combustion in microgravity, space material science,and fundamental physics in microgravity, space astronomy, Earth science, space physics and space environment utilization, technology demonstration.

The Elite Strategies in the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program (1986-2000)

Manpower is the key factor to the success of the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program. Many manpower strategies have been used in the CIMS Subject, which include elite strategies, training and practicing strategies, and culture strategies. This paper is mainly about the elite strategies such as to discover the talents, to cultivate the elites and to establish the mechanism for the expert groups to work in team, echelon and vigor.

Optimality conditions and duality for a class of nondifferentiable multiobjective generalized fractional programming problems

This paper studies a class of multiobjective generalized fractional programming problems, where the numerators of objective functions are the sum of differentiable function and convex function, while the denominators are the difference of differentiable function and convex function. Under the assumption of Calmness Constraint Qualification the Kuhn-Tucker type necessary conditions for efficient solution are given, and the Kuhn-Tucker type sufficient conditions for efficient solution are presented under the assumptions of （F, α, ρ, d）-V-convexity. Subsequently, the optimality conditions for two kinds of duality models are formulated and duality theorems are proved.

电力系统混合整数线性规划问题的运筹决策关键技术综述与展望

机组组合、检修计划、拓扑运行优化、电力系统规划等电力系统混合整数线性规划(MILP)问题旨在实现电力资源的最佳配置,应用广泛,其精准性与高效性直接影响了电力系统的安全性与经济性。随着“双碳”目标的提出,新型电力系统MILP问题模型复杂度更高、计算效率要求更严格,对当前运筹决策技术提出了更严峻的挑战。然而,现有依赖于国外进口求解器的电力系统运筹决策技术面临“组合爆炸”,且求解器依赖进口面临“卡脖子”困境,亟须实现技术突破。为此,该文系统地梳理了电力系统MILP问题的运筹决策技术,以及近年来通用MILP问题的最新进展,并展望了电力系统MILP问题运筹决策关键技术未来的研究方向,旨在为我国相关研究工作提供参考和思路。

国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究文献计量分析

目的:分析国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究重点专项(以下简称专项)的研究进展。方法:基于中国知网(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)和Web of Science核心合集数据库(WoSCC),检索2017—2023年专项资助发表的论文,利用文献计量学和CiteSpace软件对论文作者、机构、研究热点等进行分析。结果:共检索到中文文献2701篇,涉及核心作者108位、形成2个较大的研究团队,中国中医科学院发文量最多,研究热点包括用药规律、中医证候等中医药临床评价和机制研究,主要研究疾病包括心血管病、恶性肿瘤等。英文文献732篇,其中中国科学院发文量最多,药物效用机制、药物代谢动力学等药理学研究是研究热点。结论:在专项支持下,中医药基础研究和基于循证医学评价的临床研究不断深入,在中医药防治重大疾病研究方面取得了重要进展。未来应加强科技成果转化,深化人工智能技术在中医药现代化研究中的应用。

“十三五”国家重点研发计划“林业资源培育及高效利用技术创新”重点专项布局与实施成效分析

“十三五”国家科技计划改革构建了全新的国家重点研发计划,设置“林业资源培育及高效利用技术创新”重点专项对林业科技创新进行支持。在揭示林业资源培育及高效利用调控机制、提升主要人工林单位生产力和提高资源利用效率等方面进行布局,按照基础研究、关键技术研究和技术集成示范进行“产业链布局创新链、一体化组织实施”。截止到2022年,专项已经执行结束并顺利完成项目综合绩效评价。以“十三五”国家重点研发计划“林业资源培育及高效利用技术创新”重点专项为主题,总结并分析专项实施背景、立项情况并介绍专项实施成效,为今后林业科技资源配置和组织管理提供参考。

The National Estuarine Research Reserve System: A Review of Research and Monitoring Initiatives

The National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) is an integrated network of 29 protected and coordinated estuarine reserve sites in 23 states and one territory (Puerto Rico) covering more than 525,000 ha of estuarine habitat, adjoining wetlands, and uplands that encompass 19 biogeographical regions along the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific coasts, as well as the Caribbean Sea and Great Lakes. NERRS is an ecosystem-based research and monitoring network of sites serving as platforms to develop quantitative databases of value to coastal management programs in identifying and tracking short-term variability and long-term changes in the integrity and biodiversity of estuarine systems nationwide due to natural perturbations and anthropogenic disturbances. The reserve sites also play a vital role in assessing coastal issues of local, regional, and national significance for the purpose of sustaining estuarine systems and coastal lands, such as evaluating their responses to climate change and other major stressors to inform coastal decision-making and public awareness for the protection and resilience of natural resources and coastal communities. Over the past four decades, NERRS sites have collected large volumes of research and monitoring data of great utility in characterizing estuarine environments and addressing an array of resource-management concerns, including degraded water quality, loss and alteration of essential habitat, impacted fisheries, invasive species, and conservation.

An Integer Programming Model for the KenKen Problem

In this paper we consider modeling techniques for the mathematical puzzle KenKen. It is an interesting puzzle from modeling point of view since it has different kind of mathematical restrictions that are not trivial to express as linear constraints. We give an integer program for solving KenKen and and its implementation on modeling language AMPL. Our integer program uses an innovative way for converting product restrictions into linear constraints. It can be also used for teaching various integer programming techniques in an Operations Research course.