A quantitative evaluation for well pattern adaptability in ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs:A case study of Triassic Chang 6 and Chang 8 reservoirs in Ordos Basin

Based on the previous studies and development practice in recent 10 years, a quantitative evaluation method for the adaptability of well patterns to ultra-low permeability reservoirs was established using cluster analysis and gray correlation method, and it includes 10 evaluation parameters in the four aspects of optimal evaluation parameters, determination of weights for evaluation parameters, development stage division, and determination of classification coefficients. This evaluation method was used to evaluate the well pattern adaptability of 13 main ultra-low permeability reservoirs in Triassic Chang 6 and Chang 8 of Ordos Basin. Three basic understandings were obtained: Firstly, the well pattern for ultra-low permeability type-I reservoirs has generally good adaptability, with proper well pattern forms and well pattern parameters. Secondly, square inverted nine-spot well pattern is suitable for reservoirs with no fractures; rhombic inverted nine-spot injection pattern is suitable for reservoirs with some fractures; and rectangular well pattern is suitable for reservoirs with rich fractures. Thirdly, for the ultra-low permeability type-Ⅱ and type-Ⅲ reservoirs, with the principles of well pattern form determination, the row spacing needs to be optimized further to improve the level of development of such reservoirs.

Optimization of integrated geological-engineering design of volume fracturing with fan-shaped well pattern

According to the variable toe-to-heel well spacing, combined with the dislocation theory, discrete lattice method, and finite-element-method(FEM) based fluid-solid coupling, an integrated geological-engineering method of volume fracturing for fan-shaped well pattern is proposed considering the geomechanical modeling, induced stress calculation, hydraulic fracturing simulation, and post-frac productivity evaluation. Besides, we propose the differential fracturing design for the conventional productivity-area and the potential production area for fan-shaped horizontal wells. After the fracturing of the conventional production area for H1 fan-shaped well platform, the research shows that the maximum reduction of the horizontal principal stress difference in the potential productivity-area is 0.2 MPa, which cannot cause the stress reversal, but this reduction is still conducive to the lateral propagation of hydraulic fractures. According to the optimized fracturing design, in zone-Ⅰ of the potential production area, only Well 2 is fractured, with a cluster spacing of 30 m and an injection rate of 12 m^(3)/min per stage;in zone-Ⅱ, Well 2 is fractured before Well 3, with a cluster spacing of 30 m and an injection rate of 12 m^(3)/min per stage. The swept area of the pore pressure drop in the potential production area is small, showing that the reservoir is not well developed. The hydraulic fracturing in the toe area can be improved by, for example, properly densifying the fractures and adjusting the fracture distribution, in order to enhance the swept volume and increase the reservoir utilization.

The productivity evaluation model and its application for finite conductivity horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs

It is very difficult to evaluate the productivity of horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs due to the influence of fault sealing.On the basis of the method of images and source-sink theory,a semianalytical model coupling reservoir and finite conductivity horizontal wellbore flow dynamics was built,in which the influence of fault sealing was taken into account.The distribution of wellbore flow and radial inflow profiles along the horizontal interval were also obtained.The impact of the distance between the horizontal well and the fault on the well productivity was quantitatively analyzed.Based on this analysis,the optimal distance between the horizontal well and the fault in banded fault block reservoirs could be determined.According to the field application,the relative error calculated by the model proposed in this paper is within ±15%.It is an effective evaluation method for the productivity of horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs.The productivity of the horizontal well increases logarithmically as the distance between the horizontal well and the fault increases.The optimal distance between the horizontal well and the fault is 0.25-0.3 times the horizontal well length.

Performance analysis and optimal design for well patterns in anisotropic formations

The mechanism of the effects of anisotropic permeability on well patterns and reservoir development are investigated by coordinate transformation, fluid flow analysis, and reservoir development concepts. Anisotropy of permeability has reconstructive effects on well patterns. The originally designed flooding units are broken up, and new pattern units are made up of the wells that belong to different original units. The behavior possesses strong randomness, and leads to a complicated relationship among the injection and production wells, and unpredictable productivity of the formations. To prevent the break-up of well patterns, well lines should be either parallel or perpendicular to the maximum principal direction of the anisotropic permeability （i.e. the fracture direction）. To optimize the development effects ofanisotropic formations, the latitudinal and longitudinal well spacing of the well network are calculated from the principal values of the anisotropic permeability.

Pattern Specialization Based on Partial Evaluation

Design pattern enables software architecture generality and reusability, but which depresses the high performance. The pattern specialization was built on partial evaluation technology to reduce the overheads of design pattern. The design patterns were classified to extract the common features, and the corresponding pattern specializations were constructed. In the pattern specialization, the optimization opportunities were identified, and the specialization methods and conditions were described. The syntax of binding time analysis was defined, and the semantic depicted the invariant of usage context. The virtual invocation and dispatch were eliminated, which enhances the running efficiency. This pattern specialization is a high-level specialization for improving the performance of software aimed at design level that is orthogonal with the low-level code optimization.

东营凹陷利津北带砂砾岩体储层测井评价

东营凹陷利津北带砂砾岩体储层矿物组分复杂,物性参数解释精度低,油、干层界限难以界定。基于测井、录井、试采、分析化验等资料,采用交会图版识别和雷达图形模式识别岩性方法,较好地区分了砂砾岩体岩性。在岩性识别、含油产状分析、试采资料分析基础上,分别建立了砾岩类和碳酸盐岩类有效储层的物性和电性下限。结合试采资料,建立了利津北带砂砾岩体有效储层分级解释图版与评价标准。分别建立了砾岩类和碳酸盐岩类储层孔隙度和渗透率参数模型,为利津北带复杂砂砾岩体储层提供定量评价方法。该研究成果在利津北带砂砾岩体投产井中得到了应用验证,效果良好。

长岭断陷龙凤山气田致密凝析气藏CO_(2)吞吐效果评价

长岭断陷龙凤山气田致密凝析气藏产量递减快,采出程度低,为了减弱近井地带反凝析污染现象和凝析油采出困难的开发难题,通过数值模拟方法和注CO_(2)吞吐实验,分析评价CO_(2)吞吐效果,探讨提高气井产量和气藏采收率的方法。结果表明:与注干气吞吐相比,致密凝析气藏注CO_(2)吞吐更能较为有效地解除反凝析污染;气井反凝析分为反凝析初期(对生产基本无影响)、反凝析加重(对油生产有影响)、反凝析严重(对油气生产影响大)、极端反凝析(几乎不出油)共4个阶段;不同反凝析特征阶段的气井CO_(2)吞吐机理和目的不同,CO_(2)吞吐参数应当相应优化。现场实施表明,注CO_(2)吞吐的5口井在吞吐前处于不同的反凝析阶段,吞吐后取得了快速增加地层能量、解堵近井地带反凝析污染、提高注入能力、增加凝析油和天然气产量等效果。研究成果可为CO_(2)吞吐技术在致密凝析气藏的规模应用提供了经验。

生成式AI在民族纹样设计中的实验研究

基于生成式人工智能(AI)的民族纹样设计实验研究,旨在为艺术设计师拓展纹样设计方法,促进纹样艺术的传承与发展。优选Stable Diffusion和触手AI两种AI生成技术进行实验与比较,采用定性与定量相结合的分析方法对实验结果进行综合评价。实验结果表明,Stable Diffusion生成的纹样能较好地传承民族纹样的基因,艺术性与创造性兼具,符合民族纹样的艺术设计需求,但图像质量较低;触手AI生成的纹样创新性较好、图像质量高,但容易偏离原始纹样,不能满足艺术设计的内容需求。实验有助于生成式AI深度应用在民族纹样等传统纹样设计中,推动传统纹样的现代设计转化。

基于形状文法的金秀瑶族服饰纹样在文创女包中的设计应用

为挖掘金秀瑶族服饰纹样在女包设计中的应用与创新,实现民族文化与文创产品的交流融合,结合形状文法对金秀瑶族的服饰纹样进行深入探讨。首先,通过实地考察,并选择具有代表性的金秀瑶族服饰纹样,根据其艺术特征进行归类,并从中提取造型要素,构建出初始纹样的素材库;其次,应用形状文法推演规则,使初始纹样经过演化和转换并生成新纹样,遵循现代设计手段将其应用于女包中;最后,采用模糊综合评价法对设计方案进行评价,选出最佳设计方案。验证了金秀瑶族服饰纹样在文创女包设计中的可行性,同时也为民族风格的文创产品设计提供了更加客观的设计方法,也对传承和创新金秀瑶族传统文化具有意义。

数码迷彩图案设计成型及伪装效果评价研究进展

数码迷彩是由数码成像和图像处理技术相结合生成的多色块状单元所构成的迷彩图案,在军事伪装领域运用广泛。为促进数码迷彩设计与评价领域完整体系的建立,从数码迷彩图案设计、迷彩成型和伪装效果评价方面,介绍数码迷彩的发展过程和发展现状,总结目前研究中存在的问题,展望未来发展趋势。研究认为,当前数码迷彩研究聚焦于计算机模拟与虚拟环境评价,实地应用评价欠缺。未来可运用喷墨印花技术及多功能墨水,结合实地环境评价,扩大数码迷彩在纺织服装领域的应用。

低渗透油藏注CO_(2)混相驱及CO_(2)埋存评价

注CO_(2)开发低渗透油藏不仅能增加原油采收率,还能将CO_(2)埋存在地下,实现双赢。为了明确X低渗透油藏注CO_(2)混相驱油机理、CO_(2)在地层中的运移规律以及埋存机理,利用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法,从注CO_(2)混相特征、注CO_(2)参数优化和CO_(2)埋存评价3方面对X低渗透油藏进行研究。结果表明:地层原油注CO_(2)最小混相压力为26.03 MPa,CO_(2)有降低原油黏度和密度的作用;通过参数优化确定的推荐注采方案与衰竭开采相比,累计增油量为96.21×10^(4)t,主力开发层系X4⁃2、X4⁃3提高采收率分别为9.37百分点、6.02百分点;CO_(2)注入地层后,随着时间的推移,在平面上不断向四周扩散,在纵向上受重力分异的作用向上运移;评价区块注CO_(2)驱推荐方案预计CO_(2)埋存量为68.08×10^(4)t,其中构造埋存量、束缚埋存量、溶解埋存量和矿化埋存量分别为42.20×10^(4)、17.79×10^(4)、6.24×10^(4)和1.85×10^(4)t。研究成果为低渗透油藏注CO_(2)驱及CO_(2)埋存提供了实验和理论的借鉴意义。

不同装袋量下麦秆和毛叶苕子混合腐解特征

掌握不同装袋量下麦秆、毛叶苕子混合的腐解过程,对青海东部农业区秸秆还田和培肥土壤具有重要意义。通过尼龙袋填埋试验,设置物料类型和装袋量两个因素,完全随机组合共9个处理。物料类型设麦秆(W)、毛叶苕子(H)、混合物料(WH)3个水平,装袋量设16、28、44 g 3个水平,研究3种物料类型在不同装袋量下的腐解特征。研究结果表明,各处理下有机物料腐解呈现前期快-中期慢-后期加快的变化规律,至腐解结束,物料类型对累计腐解率有显著影响(P<0.05),麦秆、毛叶苕子、混合物料的累计腐解率平均为45.27%、76.75%、62.25%,表现为毛叶苕子>混合物料>麦秆。装袋量对累计腐解率有显著影响(P<0.05),装袋量分别为16、28、44 g时,平均累计腐解率分别为62.84%、63.32%、58.11%,装袋量28 g下腐解最快。双库指数衰减模型能较好地拟合物料腐解过程中腐解残留率与积温的关系,方程的决定系数均>0.88,预测腐解残留率与实测腐解残留率的MPE、RMSE、nRMSE分别为8%、2.47、7.85%。麦秆、毛叶苕子和混合物料的腐殖化系数平均分别为54.05%、31.32%、41.90%。物料混合显著提高了干物质量的易分解比例(P<0.01),装袋量为16、28、44 g时,混合效应值分别提高了13.27%、15.06%、8.61%,装袋量为28 g时混合效应最高。物料混合显著提高了干物质易分解比例,腐解速率加快。麦秆和毛叶苕子混合能加快物料的腐解,当装袋量为28 g时(相当于麦秆、毛叶苕子还田量分别为5490、3393 kg·hm^(-2))效果最好,该研究结果可为青海东部农业区秸秆还田提供理论和技术指导。

极繁主义服装的图案设计与视觉注意力的关系研究

通过分析极繁主义服装的图案设计与视觉注意力之间的关系,探讨最能引起消费者注意力与正向反馈的设计方法。选取了决定服装繁复要素中的图案因素作为研究对象,制作一系列同一元素图案构成循环的服装作为实验选取的样本进行眼动仪实验测得感性客观反映数据,与此同时,进行主观问卷调查,将感性数据以及理性数据进行交叉对比分析。得到既能引起消费者注意力又能激发消费者购买欲望的极繁主义服装图案设计方法。帮助设计师明确极繁主义应用在服装上的实际效果,为极繁主义的发展以及在服装上的设计思路提供一定的理论依据和数据支撑。

基于岩石力学性质的砾岩油藏油层分类研究

玛湖地区致密砾岩油藏是准噶尔盆地规模上产的主力区,但不同层系储层特征存在差异,岩性复杂,物性及力学性质差异大,同时,地质特征与生产动态表现出一定的矛盾,物性条件好的区域产量并不一定高,传统意义上基于各项地质参数的油层分类模型不能较好地解释产量差异的原因,严重制约后续井进一步提产的潜力评价。利用地质工程一体化思路,制定了低脆性岩屑砾岩划分标准,通过横波、动静态杨氏模量等关键力学参数计算,综合建立了砾岩油藏岩石力学模型,基于岩石力学模型并结合实际生产指标,形成了以资源性(孔隙度、饱和度)为主、改造性(脆性)为辅的“四象限”砾岩油藏油层分类新标准。力学模型预测精度大于90%,模型解释结果与岩心实验数据及产液剖面等测试资料吻合良好;砾岩油藏油层分类为水平井产能精细评价提供了有利依据,精准指导了不同品质储层的水平井压裂设计优化及生产调控,实现了单井产量和经济效益同步提升。

多沙河流水库淤积形态与库容分布耦合设计

针对多沙河流水库运行过程中由于入库含沙量较高,库区往往会发生严重泥沙淤积而侵占水库有效库容,造成水库使用年限降低、损害水库综合效益发挥等问题,为保障多沙河流水库库容充足和长效运行,通过分析水库拦沙期和正常运用期内库区泥沙冲淤变化规律,发现多沙河流水库库区存在高滩深槽、高滩中槽、高滩高槽3种泥沙淤积形态,提出了多沙河流水库淤积形态与库容分布耦合设计方法和“深槽调沙、中槽兴利、高槽调洪”的库容分布模式,以及以高滩高槽淤积形态为下边界的防洪高水位、校核洪水位、移民水位等特征水位设计新方法。

鄂尔多斯盆地保德区块煤层气藏描述与提高采收率关键技术

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘保德区块探明煤层气地质储量为343.54×108 m3,是我国目前开发最为成功、规模最大的中低阶煤层气田之一,但该区块煤层气井单井产气效果差异大、部分井低产低效,提高煤层气采收率是亟待解决的关键问题。为此,在精细描述了保德区块煤储层静、动态特征的基础上,开展了煤层气井产能评价,分析了保德区块北部开发区的煤层气单井和总稳产能力,总结了适宜本区的提高煤层气采收率关键技术,并利用数值模拟法对保德区块北部开发区的煤层气可采储量和采收率进行了预测。研究结果表明:①全面系统性提出了煤层气藏精细描述指标和技术流程;②提出了勘探开发全生命周期静态与动态融合、产量与效益平衡、地质与工程一体、储层稳能与保护并举的“四位一体”开发理念;③形成了储层精细描述、产能评价与采收率预测、开发井网优化、大规模水力压裂、定量化排采等技术,支撑了持续增储上产、稳产;(4)明确了单位面积等效资源量、局部高差等效高度、矿化度值、临储比、历史最高产水量、见套压产水量、井底压力和单位压降产气量是影响煤层气井产能的主要因素。结论认为,通过该区多项煤层气提高采收率技术的探索与实践,保德区块综合递减率由最高的8.45%降低至2.30%,采收率提高了9%~11%,单井采收率提高了27%,采收率技术的应用取得了良好效果,该技术为我国煤层气的高效开发提供了成功的经验和技术参考。

扇形井网体积压裂地质工程一体化参数优化方法

根据扇形井网趾端和跟端井距差异性,结合位错理论、离散格子法和有限元流固耦合理论,建立考虑地质力学建模、诱导应力计算、水力压裂模拟以及压后产能评价的扇形井网体积压裂地质工程一体化方法,同时提出针对扇形水平井常规产能区和潜在产能区进行差异化压裂设计的思路。研究表明,对于研究的H1扇形井平台,先压裂常规产能区后,潜在产能区水平主应力差的最大降低幅度为0.2 MPa,无法引发应力反转,但应力差的降低,仍有利于水力裂缝的横向扩展。潜在产能区中Ⅰ区井段的压裂优化方案为只压裂2号井,簇间距30 m,单段排量12 m^(3)/min;Ⅱ区井段压裂优化方案为先压2号井,后压3号井,簇间距为30 m,单段排量为12 m^(3)/min。潜在产能区孔隙压降波及面积小,储集层动用程度低,可提高趾端区域的水力压裂改造强度,例如适当加密布缝、调整布缝结构,以扩大波及体积、提高动用程度。

致密砂岩气储层多尺度“地质-工程”双甜点评价新方法

勘探开发实践证实水平井分段体积压裂是致密砂岩气储层开发的关键技术,其中储层甜点是井位部署和储层压裂分段和射孔位置优选的主要依据,但由于致密砂岩气储层通常为砂泥岩不等厚互层,天然裂缝展布情况与地应力状态复杂,且“地质—工程”双甜点识别精度低、重合度低、压裂改造参数优化缺乏依据。为此,基于地质—工程一体化思路,建立了考虑全烃含量、储层孔隙度等因素的地质甜点预测模型,提出了考虑岩性、破裂形态、断裂力学特征、扩容剪胀效应等因素的多尺度三维工程甜点评价新方法,随后形成了致密砂岩气储层“地质—工程”双甜点评价新模型。最后,以鄂尔多斯盆地临兴地区致密砂岩气田为例,建立了多尺度三维双甜点模型,并优选两口井,对其双甜点剖面与施工压力和改造体积进行对比分析。研究结果表明:①剪胀角对研究区域工程甜点分布影响最大,其次为耗散能、弹性模量和断裂能;②高地质甜点段并不一定是页岩气高产段;③高工程甜点段施工压力相对较低,改造相对充分;④优质地质甜点与优质工程甜点在空间位置上一致性较差。结论认为,致密砂岩气储层的改造应以地质甜点为基础,工程甜点为核心,综合考虑双甜点的分布,该多尺度“地质—工程”双甜点评价新方法为致密砂岩气储层甜点预测及开发方案的优化提供了重要技术支撑。

“教产研竞评”模式的风景园林设计课程改革研究——基于一流课程的目标

基于一流课程建设目标,探索风景园林专业核心课程风景园林设计教学质量提升模式与路径。通过领会和对照一流课程建设要求,以南昌工程学院风景园林设计课程为研究对象,分析当前教学中存在的差距,整理改革建设内容,找出拟解决的关键问题。提出“教—产—研—竞—评”五轮驱动的教学改革路径,以课程教学为主轴,以产业实践为支撑,以科研参与为驱动,以竞赛训练为补充,以效果评价为依据,建成风景园林设计一流课程。该方法为也为其他专业课程的一流课程建设提供参考。

设计类专业实践课程教学改革与评价体系研究——以“装饰图案”课程为例

设计类专业实践课程在专业课程体系中占据重要地位,当前,在思政教育、非遗文化与传统艺术相融合的背景下,对设计类专业实践课程进行过程改革并建立科学有效的评价体系,对提升课程的教学质量具有重要意义。文章以“装饰图案”课程为例,在对其进行教学改革的基础上,提出一套符合现代教育需求的评价体系,以促进“装饰图案”课程教学方法多样化、课程内容更新与创新和多维度融合发展。