Three-Dimensional Visual Analysis for Construction Layout of Reservoir Project

It is difficult to analyze the inter-relationship for the construction layout of a reservoir project scientifically and intuitively.According to the characteristics of broad field and huge information,the modeling methods of digital terrain and solid model as well as the techniques of texture mapping and scene navigation are adopted.The simulation system is developed by C program language,which includes the functions of the interactive navigation of 3D scene,the visual inquiry of project digital model information,the storage and management of project information.A certain reservoir is taken as a case.The 3D visual analysis for the construction layout and engineering information are obtained.The proposed system is of great advantages in dealing with large amount of information and the method provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the construction layout of a reservoir project.

Estimation of Potential Risk of Reservoir-Induced Earthquake for the Proposed Hydroelectric Project on the Yangtze Gorges

The proposed hydroelectric project on the Yangtze Gorges will be one of the largest power stations in the world.The problem of induced seismicity to the project has attracted much attention throughout China and the world.A research program has been carried out by the State Seismological Bureau of China.Based on the size of the reservoir and the lithology,geological structure,permeability,stress state,and previous seismicity in the region,the potential risk of reservoir-induced seismicity has been estimated.The results suggest that,after impoundment in the reservoir area,the possibility of induced seismicity cannot be completely ruled out.The areas with potential risk may be in some gorges composed of karstified carbonate and plutonic granite around the dam site.However,the magnitude is expected to be limited owing to the small dimension of the induced seismogenic faults.

Spatio-temporal distribution of phytoplankton in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, a water source area for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (Middle Route), China

One of the water source areas of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is the Danjiangkou Reservoir (DJKR). To understand seasonal variation in phytoplankton composition, abundance and distribution in the DJKR area before water diversion, as well as to estimate potential risks of water quality after water diversion, we conducted an investigation on phytoplankton in the DJKR from August 2008 to May 2009. The investigation included 10 sampling sites, each with four depths of 0.5, 5, 10, and 20 m. In this study, 117 taxa belonging to 76 genera were identified, consisting of diatoms (39 taxa), green algae (47 taxa), blue-green algae (19 taxa), and others (12 taxa). Annual average phytoplankton abundance was 2.01×106 ind./L, and the highest value was 14.72 × 106 ind/L (at site 3 in August 2008). Phytoplankton abundance in front of the Danjiangkou Dam (DJKD) was higher than that of the Danjiang Reservoir Basin. Phytoplankton distribution showed a vertical declining trend from 0.5 m to 20 m at most sites in August 2008 (especially at sites of 1, 2, 4 and 10), but no distinct pattern in other sampling months. In December 2008 and March 2009, Stephanodiscus sp. was the most abundant species, amounting to 55.23% and 72.34%, respectively. We propose that high abundance of Stephanodiscus sp. may have contributed greatly to the frequent occurrence of Stephanodiscus sp. blooms in middle-low reaches of the Hanjiang River during the early spring of 2009. In comparison with previous studies conducted from 1992 to 2006, annual average phytoplankton density, green algae and blue-green algae species, as well as major nutrient concentrations increased, while phytoplankton diversity indices declined. This indicates a gradual decline in water quality. More research should be conducted and countermeasures taken to prevent further deterioration of water quality in the DJKR.

LAND USE CHANGE AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC DRIVING FORCES UNDER STRESS OF PROJECT IN OLD RESERVOIR AREA——Case Study of Linshui Reservoir Area of Dahonghe Reservoir in Sichuan Province

The old reservoir areas built in 1950s-1970s left behind many socio-economic problems, because of the administrative backward migration and little migration fund, and all these problems would be tied to land. Based on interviewing with peasant households, combining land use survey and socio-economic statistical index, this paper analyzed land use change and its corresponding driving forces in Linshui reservoir area of Dahonghe Reservoir. Results showed that land use change in the reservoir area was mainly embodied on low-lying land submergence and migration requisition land. The former changed the land use patterns, and the latter mainly reconstructed original land property and made land over-fragmented. Cultivated land per capita was 0.041ha in this area, below the cordon of cultivated land per capita enacted by FAO. Currently, there were still 30.25% of peasant households being short of grain in trimester of one year, and there were 35.27% of people living under the poverty line. The conditions of eco-environment in Linshui Reservoir Area were worse, and healthy and sub-healthy eco-environment accounted for less proportion, composed of green belt around the reservoir area and paddy field ecosystem, and economic forest and orchard ecosystem, respectively. The stress of the reservoir project was macroscopic background to analyze the driving factors of land use change, and real underlying diving factor of the land use change in the area was the change of cultural landscape under the stress of reservoir project. The rapid increase of population was the key factor to induce the change of man-land relationship in the reservoir area, the low level of rural economy was the crucial factor to decide how migrants input for production, and the belief of migrants, influencing the land use patterns in a certain extent, was the inducing factor to keep land use stable. The low-lying submergence and infrastructure construction accompanied the reservoir project were leading factors driving land use change in the area, while changes in land use patterns, after the reservoir being built, were the responses of peasant households’ behaviors to land use change.

Impact on Mountainous Agricultural Development in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area forced by Migrants of the Three Gorges Project

The Three Gorges Project attracts worldwide attention because of the Three Gorges migrants, and the agriculture of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is a foundation for the development of the Three Gorges migrants. The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is situated at the mountainous area with bad agricultural development conditions and relatively low levels of development. As a result, the large-scale migration has special influence on its agricultural development, which has attracted much attention. The paper analyzes influence that the migrants have forced on its agricultural development based on the scientific data, and makes some explorations on the models that are suitable for the development of mountainous agriculture in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Soil Geochemistry Changes Induced by a Foreign Soil Reconstruction Project in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of China

Fertile topsoil was added onto the surface of barren slope land in Three Gorges Reservoir region of China in an anthropogenic process known as the foreign soil reconstruction project. The main goal of this paper was to reveal the influence of anthropogenic activities on pedogenic processes and soil classifications. Chemical weathering indices and comparative analysis were applied to discuss changes in geochemical compositions and weathering features of purplish soils(Cambisols) before and after the project. Results showed that:(1) The foreign soil reconstruction project slightly altered the major element composition of topsoil and improved the soil structure. Although the distributions of major elements in the original topsoil, original subsoil, foreign topsoil and newly constructed topsoil were all similar to that in upper continental crust, newly constructed topsoil was the most similar soil.(2) The chemical index of alteration was more sensitive than the weathering index of Parker at indicating chemical weathering status of purplish soil. The chemical weathering status of newly constructed topsoil was higher than that of the original topsoil and lower than that of foreign topsoil.(3) Anthropogenic activities may provide a promising new thought for the anthropogenic soil classification system. The scope and subgroups of Anthrosols should be extended and strengthened. Or there may be a need to combine Anthrosols and Technosols orders to create a new soil order. The results may be used for optimizing soil mellowing engineering activities and enriching the soil classification system.

新疆水利工程西域砾岩边坡加固关键技术研究与应用

鉴于西域砾岩边坡长期浸没水中软化变形后失稳、因水位变动对边坡表面掏刷破坏、内外水头差过大导致的滑坡、高速水流对坡脚掏刷导致坡顶崩塌等问题,该地层条件下的水利工程高边坡广泛存在,传统的水利工程边坡加固形式已经无法解决此类边坡的问题。为了保证库区内西域砾岩高边坡稳安全定性,实现工程安全性和经济型的平衡,结合新疆迪那河五一水库工程面临库区内联合进水口西域砾岩高边坡加固的问题,提出了一套适用西域砾岩高边坡加固的方法,该方法成功的解决了西域砾岩边坡在蓄水后遇到的边坡软化失稳和长期安全运行的问题,为今后同处西域砾岩的水利工程边坡处理提供借鉴和帮助。

长江梯级水库群联合调度成效、挑战及对策

经过70 a的建设,长江流域控制性水库群基本建成。以三峡水库为核心的梯级水库群联合调度已经开展10 a。在总结控制性水库群在防洪、供水、生态和应急联合调度取得成绩的基础上,分析控制性水库群及与水网工程联合调度面临的问题和挑战,提出了相应的对策建议。研究表明:水库群联合调度因流域防洪调度而启,目前在防洪、抗旱供水、生态环境和应急等公益调度中发挥了重要作用。气候变化及水文中长期预报不确定性是联合调度面临的主要挑战,其次是水库群联合调度与单个水库多目标调度利益协调、定量评价调度效果及合理的补偿等管理问题。加强“四预”是解决气候变化和人类活动不确定性的主要对策。水库群与水网工程联合调度可以更广泛地发挥水利工程水安全保障作用。建立科学合理的水工程群联合调度体制和机制是解决联合调度管理问题的有效措施。

基于BIM+B/S的水库工程数字化展示平台的构建

针对水库工程在初步设计阶段仍以二维图纸作为成果交付,缺少对工程整体情况、投资估算等关键信息直观展示的问题,将BIM数字信息建模、BIM数据文件优化处理、B/S前后端分离、跨平台访问等技术应用于新建岔河水库工程,建立岔河水库枢纽BIM模型,创建实现平台功能的数据文件并构建岔河水库枢纽工程数字化展示平台。研究结果表明:构建的岔河水库工程数字化展示平台可以高效、流畅、跨平台地在电脑端和手机端,向参建各方展示待建枢纽工程的基本情况和地理位置,建筑物三维信息模型,单体工程的施工模拟动画,以及枢纽工程投资估算关键信息。研究结果深化BIM技术应用程度,可为其他水利工程信息化提供重要参考和借鉴价值。

金沙江下游梯级水电工程库区生态系统服务价值演化及权衡协同关系

基于生态系统服务变化指数、相关分析及空间自相关等方法,对金沙江下游梯级水电工程库区2005—2018年生态系统服务价值进行定量分析,探索库区生态系统服务权衡协同关系的时空演变规律。结果表明:(1)2018年库区生态系统服务价值达到940亿元,研究期间生态系统服务价值总量增加42亿元。(2)库区生态系统服务价值空间分布较为稳定,呈现南高北低格局,空间相关类型均为正相关,生态系统服务价值增益地区集聚于金沙江沿岸。(3)库区生态系统支持服务与供给、调节、文化服务之间表现为权衡关系,供给、调节、文化服务两两之间表现为协同关系,各乡镇生态系统服务的相关关系以协同关系为主。研究结果进一步证明水电工程的实施能改善库区生态系统服务功能,为库区环境保护和土地资源可持续利用提供技术支撑。

硬质黏土淹没射流冲刷试验研究

近年来自吸式管道排沙系统以其省水、高效、廉价等优势,逐渐成为水库清淤的主要措施之一,然而在遇到土颗粒较细、淤积历时较长的硬质黏土时,它的清淤效果下降明显。为了探究硬质黏土的破土机制和起动影响因素,采用模型试验的方法,选取一种黏性泥沙,通过负压固结的方式制备硬质黏土样,然后进行了不同出口流速、喷嘴尺寸和射流靶距的直立淹没射流试验。试验结果表明,鉴于土样存在黏性,其受冲刷破土机制与无黏性土存在较大差异,冲坑发育过程存在一定的随机性和自相似性,并且射流冲刷效率与射流出口流速和喷嘴尺寸成正比、与射流靶距成反比,同时射流靶距对冲刷坑形态的影响最为明显。

Kriging水动力学代理模型在水库群优化调度中的应用

为解决传统水动力学模型结合调度模型求解耗时长的难题,使用代理模型模拟水动力学模型以提升求解效率。从金沙江下游—三峡梯级水库调度实际出发,结合水动力学和代理模型相关理论,建立了基于Kriging代理模型的水库群多目标调度模型并采用多目标进化算法对模型进行求解,最后采用投影追踪法对得到的多目标帕累托前沿进行决策。研究结果表明,代理模型的平均模拟误差≤1.5%,能够较为精确地替代原有长耗时水动力学模型并结合调度模型给出具有竞争关系的帕累托前沿及合理的折衷方案,对促进梯级水库综合效益发挥提供理论依据。

基于BIM+GIS的水库三维数字资产构建与应用

随着水利行业的数字化转型,数据的资产价值日益凸显,BIM和GIS数据是工程数字化的重要成果,也是宝贵的三维数字资产。以朱溪水库为例,研究BIM和GIS数据生产的优化方法,提出一种Civil 3D+Revit+Dynamo多软件联合运用的大坝参数化建模方法,重复机械的建模工作由程序自动完成,提升水库建筑物BIM建模效率和质量;利用机载激光雷达采集库区地形,借助专业软件高效处理,得到地面点云和高分辨率数字高程模型;依托BIM+GIS技术,经过数据轻量化、坐标配准和渲染发布,构建精准映射实体工程的数据底板和可视化场景,形成水库三维数字资产。在此基础上,拓展研究点云复核算量、BIM+VR指导施工、设备运行工况可视化等应用场景,对水库数字资产的研究与实践具有借鉴意义。

新屯水库工程施工中混凝土面板堆石坝的设计与应用

混凝土面板堆石坝施工技术在水库工程中合理应用,该项技术实际应用过程中主要以加强填筑的方式不断提升填筑密度,解决大坝不均匀沉降问题同时,又能减少外部环境因素对整个水库工程安全稳定运行影响。基于此,文章结合实际工程案例,阐述混凝土面板堆石坝在水库工程中设计要点,并对该项技术具体应用加以阐述,以提高水库工程建设水平,实现工程项目建设效益最大化。

Research on Influencing Factors of Reservoir Construction Risk Based on Interpretative Structural Modeling

Reservoir plays an important role in the allocation and rational use of water resources, especially water resources in China are centrally distributed in the western region, and large reservoirs should be built to meet the people’s livelihood needs of each region. The construction of large reservoirs has numerous risks, the clarity of these risks helps us to better plan and make decisions before implementing the project. Search through literature reading and professional information, determined 11 risk factors in the construction phase of the reservoir construction project case, construct a risk influencing factor system under the application of ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling). Studies have shown that the risks of strategic guidelines and policies and changes in infrastructure planning have the deepest impact on construction risk management. Among them, the strategic policy risk is the root impact, and the impact of the infrastructure planning change risk has a far-reaching impact. Through the above conclusions, providing management countermeasures and suggestions for the risk control of reservoir construction.

水库大坝除险加固防渗设计处理研究

如何保障水库大坝稳定性和防渗效果,是水库工程建设中应重视的主要问题。为了提升水库大坝的建设效能,以宣城市郎溪县某小型水库除险加固项目为主要研究对象,结合该工程中大坝部分的加固防渗设计情况,对加固防渗设计的要求和应用的设计方法与思路进行充分分析,希望能够为相关工程的建设提供借鉴的经验和思路。

水利工程中水库大坝防渗技术分析

针对甘肃兰州某水库大坝出现的渗漏问题,总结分析了其渗漏原因和当前水利工程中水库大坝的防渗技术现状。通过高压喷射灌浆、坝体劈裂灌浆、混凝土防渗墙、搅拌桩防渗墙和帷幕灌浆在内的防渗关键技术,对水库大坝的防渗工程进行了优化。对不同防渗关键技术的优势进行了具体分析与应用。

大中型水库工程安全管理信息化建设探讨

水库为国家水利工程的重点项目,其运行水平关乎民生安全。在水利事业现代化发展的过程中,做好水库工程的安全管理成为重点任务。但原先大中型水库工程的安全管理存在效率低下、技术滞后等问题,难以识别及防控水库的安全风险。现阶段很多大中型水库工程开始探索安全管理信息化道路,以建立信息化安全管理模式,提高管理效率,促进信息共享。基于此,本文重点分析了大中型水库工程安全管理信息化建设的相关要点,以期为实际工作提供参考与借鉴。

水利工程水库大坝混凝土施工技术分析

总结了水库大坝混凝土施工技术的重要性,从施工技术因素和外部因素两个方面,分析了水库大坝混凝土施工质量的影响因素,并从成孔质量、槽段清理和施工过程3个角度,为该水库大坝混凝土施工质量控制提供了方案。结合以上总结分析,对该水库大坝具体的混凝土施工技术进行了分析和改进。

无固相弱凝胶射孔液在渤海油田大位移井完井中的应用

为了减少渤海油田完井作业过程中完井液的漏失,缩短返排时间,保障渤海油田大斜度、大位移井作业安全,降低压力亏空地层射孔作业卡枪的风险,此文分析了封堵机理及其特点,研发了无固相弱凝胶射孔液体系,并通过室内实验评价其剪切稀释、触变、封堵、抗温、抑制和返排等性能。实验表明,该体系既可通过形成弱凝胶封堵射孔产生的射孔孔眼,阻止完井液漏失,减少对地层的污染;同时也可提高压力亏空地层的地层承压能力,能有效悬浮地层出砂,防止射孔枪卡钻,还具有易返排的特性。该体系在渤海油田大斜度、大位移井的成功应用,有效满足了大斜度、大位移井射孔作业的需求。应用表明,该体系能大幅减少亏空地层作业过程中完井液的漏失量,缩短油井的返排时间,储层保护效果明显,具有很强的推广意义。