Professionalism education of OB/GYN resident physicians: What makes a difference?

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new Professionalism curriculum in an Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) residency after introducing Narrative Medicine and Professional Development/Support Group (PDSG) programs. Methods: 32 OB/GYN residents participated in this IRB approved pilot study. Twenty residents were assessed with the Barry Challenges to Professionalism Questionnaire (Barry), the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Physician Version (JSE), and the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration (JSAT) in August 2010, as controls. Five Narrative Medicine sessions and four PDSG sessions were then used from August 2010-May 2011, for resident physician professionalism education. Seventeen residents then underwent post-testing with the Barry, JSE, and JSAT in May 2011. Results: The pre-test/post-test Barry comparison showed an improvement in scores after introduction of the new Narrative Medicine and PDSG curriculum (7.6 +/- 2.1 versus 8.4 +/- 1.6;p = 0.10) though this was not statistically significant. Pre-test/post-test comparison of JSAT scores showed a statistically significant decline in collaboration (52.3 +/- 4.1 versus 49.7 +/- 3.7;p = 0.028) while JSE scores showed a downward trend in empathy (109.3 +/- 10.0 versus 104.8 +/- 9.2;p = 0.086). Conclusion: Narrative Medicine and PDSG small group sessions could be an effective component of OB/GYN resident physician Professionalism curriculum. This pilot project was underpowered, due to limited resources.

Post competency training in standardized training of resident physicians and integrated postgraduates

We focus on the importance and necessity of post-competency-based training in medical education alongside its current challenges and opportunities.Integrating post competency training into standardized educational frameworks is increasingly recognized as a critical component of preparing residents and postgraduates for real-world clinical practice.Post competency training represents a commitment to excellence in medical education,striving to produce competent,skilled practitioners to meet the challenges of modern healthcare.

Exploration of the Integration of Curriculum Ideology and Politics into the Educational Pathway of Standardized Training for General Practice Residents

In recent years,the national higher education reform has proposed the concept of curriculum ideological and political education as a major element.This integration into the standardized training of general practice residents(commonly referred to as general resident training)is an unavoidable trend in the teaching field.Based on the actual situation of our unit at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University,this paper emphasizes the necessity of incorporating ideological and political education into the general resident training curriculum,despite the absence of pertinent practical experience in how to effectively incorporate such courses into comprehensive residential training.In our hospital,we must assess the ideological and political education in the curriculum of general resident training,proposing a scientific,reasonable ideological and political education concept system for general practice courses,integrating ideological and political education with general practice resident training,and strengthening the team of ideological and political education physicians to teach them to carry out such education,this would foster enthusiasm and initiative.Strengthening admission education and training for general practice resident training,as well as regularly hosting symposiums to share ideas and understand the mission of doctors can provide effective experience for ideological and political education in general resident training courses.

The Role of Education Guidance in Enhancing the Intelligence and Motivation of Village Residents

The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Winning the Battle of Poverty Alleviation points out that by 2020,rural poor people will have stable access to food and clothing,and compulsory education,basic medical care,and housing security will be guaranteed.The growth rate of per capita disposable income of farmers in poverty-stricken areas is higher than the national average,and the main indicators of basic public services are close to the national average.According to the requirements,the poverty alleviation work team stationed in the village has tailored measures to local conditions and carried out targeted poverty alleviation.Faced with difficulties such as increasing the importance of education among villagers,solving the problem of children going to school,and increasing income for villagers,under the guidance of the assistance unit,the poverty alleviation work team adopts the method of setting an example to ensure education,introducing education to increase knowledge,and expanding knowledge through education going global,in order to change the current situation from point to surface.After unremitting efforts,the villagers began to change their mindset,and the enrollment and enrollment rates of village students were significantly increased.The children enter the classroom,the elderly work at home,and the young and strong labor force actively goes out to work.The villagers have motivation to work,and life has a bright future.The village sees hope.

Bronchoscopy Simulation in Anesthesia Resident Education

Simulation in residency training is becoming more popular but there is limited evidence showing that it can improve a resident’s fund of knowledge, particularly in anesthesiology. We looked at whether a bronchoscopy simulation could improve performance on a thoracic anesthesia knowledge test administered both before and after using the simulator. Fourteen first-year anesthesiology residents completed the study with an average improvement on the test of 28% (p 0.05). We conclude that bronchoscopy simulation is an effective method of educating anesthesiology residents.

The relative value of education of emergency physicians in patient outcome: A retrospective analysis at a single center in developing India

BACKGROUND: There is a considerable paucity with regards to the research available on the quality and quantity of clinical teaching in the national emergency department(ED) setups. With the onset of the age of modern medicine, the outlook towards to the time worn tradition of triage and detailed medical evaluation must be revoked. Despite the variety of programs being conducted in the country, a comparable entity common to all is patients' clinical outcomes which can be measured using simple parameters which can be easily acquired compiling hospital registry entries.METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the emergency department of Max Hospital, Saket, New Delhi. A period of 22 months prior to the start of the program and like-wise 22 months after initiation of the program was collected from the hospital registry. The Emergency Medicine program in consideration was the Masters in emergency Medicine(MEM) Program affiliated with George Washington University, NY, USA. Patients of all age groups and gender registering in the Emergency Department and so were all the doctors working in the ED before and after initiation of the program.RESULTS: An improvement was noted in terms of total admissions through the ED per month, average length of stay of admitted as well as discharged patients; return to ED within 24 hours; leave against medical advice and patient complaints. A reduction was noted in number of discharges from the ED. Despite a numerical worsening on the patient's death in ED a graphical improvement can be noted considering the month wise representation of data.CONCLUSION: We can make a coherent conclusion that there is an improvement in the outcome of the entire patient related aspects in the Emergency Department considering the all two time frames included in the study. The difference can be very well attributed to the integration of the structural Academic Program in the development of the Emergency Physicians. This leads us to make a conclusive analysis regarding a positive impact of the Relative Value of Education of Emergency Physicians not only in patient outcome but also in physicians and administrative outlook towards an overall better emergency care.

Maxillofacial Surgery Education: Where Is It Heading?

Oral and maxillofacial surgery have a long history dating back to ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians. Since then, surgeons have treated craniofacial trauma and alveolodental fractures. In 1846, Hullihen performed a mandibular body osteotomy to correct prognathism, marking a significant milestone in the field. Over time, the specialty has evolved significantly. The field of craniofacial surgery has undergone several phases, including its involvement in conflicts during world wars and the treatment of craniofacial fractures and discrepancies. The process of learning and teaching specialties has evolved differently in various countries throughout the 20th century. Currently, there is no uniformity in the training and registration of specialized professionals, resulting in distinct scenarios. Considering the accessibility of scientific knowledge through technology and globalization, it is crucial to provide an objective overview of the current state of education in the field. This paper focuses on effective professional training as the primary subject of residency courses in this specialty. A proposal is presented for education, emphasizing the significance of providing quality professional training that is tailored to the specific legislation of each country.

Assessment of Online Transgender Healthcare Teaching Modules for Internal Medicine Residents and Fellows

Background: Transgender healthcare is not a formal learning requirement in Internal Medicine residency or fellowship. The National LGBTQ Task Force appealed to urgently train clinicians on the effective care of transgender patients. Few studies address the successful implementation of transgender healthcare teaching and education in graduate medical education. Purpose: The purpose was to design an online asynchronous curriculum to address the need for improved transgender healthcare education in graduate medical education and assess change in knowledge and comfort in transgender healthcare for residents and fellow learners. Methods: A 6-module curriculum was developed using established guidelines and ACGME competencies as a framework for content. To assess curriculum effectiveness, participants received anonymous pre- and post-curriculum surveys which included a multiple-choice knowledge assessment, Likert scale comfort questions focusing on healthcare skills, and open-ended feedback questions. Results: Twenty-six internal medicine residents and fellows participated in the curriculum (2022-2023). There was a 69% post-survey response rate. Participants improved their gender-affirming knowledge after completing the curriculum (p Conclusion: This online curriculum was successful in increasing knowledge and comfort in transgender care for IM residents and fellows. It provides a promising framework to address this gap in curricular content.

The importance and patterns for humanities education of Chinese ophthalmology residency

At this point in time,the importance of medical humanities education has not been fully understood during the standardized training of residents in China.The study of medical humanities is an important facet of ophthalmology residency that needs to be strengthened.During the standardized training of ophthalmology residents,not only the medical sciences should be strengthened,but also the nature and practice of medical humanities knowledge should be enhanced in multiple aspects.Offering medically-relevant literature,history,philosophy and other courses,simulating real medical activities,being enthusiastic in popular medical science and increasing the contents of the examination in medical humanities would all be areas that would further advance the ophthalmology residency.Along with medical science education,residents will be led and trained on medical humanities as to build good medical humanistic spirit of patient care so that they may better serve patients.

Survey Evaluating Sleep Education Catalyzed Change in Residency Training

Background: Despite the high prevalence and negative effects of sleep disorders, sleep issues often remain unexplored during medical encounters. Research has shown that primary care physicians regard their knowledge as inadequate. Objective: We investigated residents’ perceived adequacy of sleep education and level of competency in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders. Methods: A questionnaire via Survey Monkey was administered to senior residents in University of California, Davis (UCD) from family medicine, internal medicine, neurology, and psychiatry to assess perception of their knowledge and training of sleep disorders. Likert scale ratings were used, from 1 (not adequate/competent) to 5 (extremely adequate/competent). Non-parametric statistical methods were used to evaluate differences in survey responses among specialties and assess the correlation between survey responses. Results: Only 33 residents responded with a 29.5% response rate. Neurology residents routinely rotate with a sleep medicine attending and subsequently reported the highest self-competency, adequacy of training, hours of didactics received and frequency of asking patients about sleep. All other residents reported receiving insufficient sleep medicine education. The combined mean score was 1.5 across the specialties regarding adequacy of sleep education in their respective medical schools with 31.3% reporting no sleep medicine training. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that there is a perceived deficit in most residents’ training and competency regarding sleep disorders. These results prompted 2 of the 4 residency programs to change their educational structure with electives in clinical sleep medicine. We believe that this paper illuminates potential need for increasing sleep medicine education throughout various levels of training. Nationwide educational research is needed to promote ACGME to incorporate the fundamentals of sleep medicine into core curriculum. Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: There are no studies, to our knowledge, directly measuring residents’ perceived adequacy of sleep medicine education provided and their perceived level of competency in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate both the amount of time and quality of sleep education provided to residents as insufficient knowledge in addressing sleep problems may reflect gaps in educational requirements and standards within residency training. Study Impact: This study revealed a perceived deficit in most residents’ training and competency regarding sleep disorders. This study stimulated half of the UC Davis residency programs evaluated to offer electives in clinical sleep medicine suggesting that the study highlighted need for additional educational opportunities in sleep medicine.

Reasons for the upsetting cholesterol level during the community investigation from residents, physicians, and social aspects： The China Cholesterol Education Program （CCEP）

Background The community medical center is the first barrier for lipid control. We aimed to survey the residents＇ cholesterol condition in the community, and pursue the reasons for the upsetting results from various aspects.Methods Residents and physicians were recruited from four community centers. Residents completed questionnaires and a physical examination as well as biochemical analysis. Physicians were also asked to complete a questionnaire,some of which were about basic knowledge of lipids.Results About 37.0% male and 48.1% female had elevated cholesterol levels. Residents＇ blood pressure （BP）, fasting glucose （FG）, body mass index （BMI）, and waist circumference （WC） were positively associated with their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and total cholesterol （TC）. Framingham risk scoring （FRS） was strongly related to cholesterol （P 〈0.001 for LDL-C and TC）. Residents＇ higher education grade was positively related to a normal cholesterol condition （P〈0.001）, while personal income was negatively related to it. Rural residents had higher percent of population with normal cholesterol level （normal cholesterol rate） than their city counterpart （P 〈0.001）. Although physicians with college education had a much higher lipid knowledge level themselves, the physicians＇ factors had almost no relationship with the residents＇ cholesterol levels.Conclusions Management of hypercholesterolemia should be an important component of health strategy in Beijing.Education is imperative for residents as well as for physicians.

Flipped classroom approach to global outreach:cross-cultural teaching of horizontal strabismus to Chinese ophthalmology residents

AIM:To evaluate the flipped classroom model for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in an ophthalmology residency program in China as part of a visiting professorship from the United States.METHODS:Residents from an ophthalmology residency program in China were invited to participate in flipped classroom sessions taught by an experienced American ophthalmology faculty in 2018.Residents were instructed to watch a pre-class video lecture prior to the in-class-casebased activity.Content tests(5 Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program style questions)and surveys were administered before and after the classroom sessions(100%response rate).These results were compared to that of an American cohort who were taught the same content.RESULTS:The Chinese cohort of 12 residents preferred the flipped classroom to the traditional classroom at higher rates than the American cohort of 40 residents(92%vs 55%,P=0.04)and felt that all ophthalmology topics would be appropriate for the flipped classroom teaching style(P-values between 0.008 and<0.001).In both Chinese and American cohorts,we found that the exotropia curriculum saw a small but significant improvement in performance following the flipped classroom session(P=0.025 for Chinese residents;P=0.001 for US residents),whereas scores in both groups for the esotropia course did not significantly improve.CONCLUSION:This is the first study to evaluate the flipped classroom model implemented by a visiting ophthalmology professor in a global outreach setting.The flipped classroom sessions are viewed favorably by the Chinese residents relative to the US cohort with a modest impact on knowledge.Decreased in-person interpreter requirement and increased student engagement make this model valuable in cross-cultural visiting professorship settings.Finally,the flipped classroom may lend itself well to a virtual format to prevent the transmission of COVID-19,although such a format requires further study.

A comparison of perspectives on costs in emergency care among emergency department patients and residents

BACKGROUND: Costs of care are increasingly important in healthcare policy and, more recently, in clinical care in the emergency department(ED). We compare ED resident and patient perspectives surrounding costs in emergency care.METHODS: We conducted a mixed methods study using surveys and qualitative interviews at a single, academic ED in the United States. The two study populations were a convenience sample of adult ED patients(>17 years of age) and ED residents training at the same institution. Participants answered open- and closed-ended questions on costs, medical decision making, cost-related compliance, and communication about costs. Closed-ended data were tabulated and described using standard statistics while open-ended responses were analyzed using grounded theory.RESULTS: Thirty ED patients and 24 ED residents participated in the study. Both patients and residents generally did not have knowledge of medical costs. Patients were comfortable discussing costs while residents were less comfortable. Residents agreed that doctors should consider costs when making medical decisions whereas patients somewhat disagreed. Additionally, residents generally took costs into consideration during clinical decision-making, yet nearly all residents agreed that they had too little education on costs.CONCLUSION: There were several notable differences in ED patient and resident perspectives on costs in this U.S. sample. While patients somewhat disagree that cost should factor into decision making, generally they are comfortable discussing costs yet report having insuf? cient knowledge of what care costs. Conversely, ED residents view costs as important and agree that cost should factor into decision making but lack education on what emergency care costs.

Resident Learning Styles: Are We Maximizing Learning Opportunities for Today’s Resident Learner?

Medical education is in constant evolution. It is important to continuously evaluate how residents are being taught in order to improve, and to maximize didactic time while improving standardized test scores. The aim of this study is to assess how residents prefer to learn, which factors preclude residents from studying, the prevalence of certain teaching methods at our institutions, and how this affects standardized exam scores. In order to gather this data, residents across the three Mayo Clinic campuses were anonymously surveyed regarding their preferred study habits, factors that affect their ability to study, how they are most frequently taught within their program, and their most recent in training exam (ITE) scores. Residents are frequently encountering didactic lessons that are consistent with their preferred study methods. However, there seems to be a number of preferred study methods that may not be represented by standard didactic sessions. There are many other factors that affect a resident’s ability to study and those should be taken into consideration by the department when deciding how to teach their residents.

Radiology education in Europe: Analysis of results from 22 European countries

AIMTo assess the state of radiology education across Europe by means of a survey study.METHODSA comprehensive 23-item radiology survey was distributed via email to the International Society of Radiology members, national radiological societies, radiologists and medical physicists. Reminders to complete the survey were sent and the results were analyzed over a period of 4 mo (January-April 2016). Survey questions include length of medical school and residency training; availability of fellowship and subspecialty training; number of residency programs in each country; accreditation pathways; research training; and medical physics education. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and summarize data.RESULTSRadiology residency training ranges from 2-6 years with a median of 5 years, and follows 1 year of internship training in 55% (12 out of 22) European countries. Subspecialty fellowship training is offered in 55% (12 out of 22) European countries. Availability for specialization training by national societies is limited to eight countries. For nearly all respondents, less than fifty percent of radiologists travel abroad for specialization. Nine of 22 (41%) European countries have research requirements during residency. The types of certifying exam show variation where 64% (14 out of 22) European countries require both written and oral boards, 23% (5 out of 22) require oral examinations only, and 5% (1 out of 22) require written examinations only. A degree in medical physics is offered in 59% (13 out of 22) European countries and is predominantly taught by medical physicists. Nearly all respondents report that formal examinations in medical physics are required.CONCLUSIONComparative learning experiences across the continent will help guide the development of comprehensive yet pragmatic infrastructures for radiology education and collaborations in radiology education worldwide.

Emergency department operations and management education in emergency medicine training

BACKGROUND:This study was undertaken to examine the current level of operations and management education within US-based Emergency Medicine Residency programs.METHODS:Residency program directors at all US-based Emergency Medicine Residency programs were anonymously surveyed via a web-based instrument.Participants indicated their levels of residency education dedicated to documentation,billing/coding,core measure/quality indicator compliance,and operations management.Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for the ordinal data/Likert scales.RESULTS:One hundred and six(106)program directors completed the study instrument of one hundred and fifty-six(156)programs(70%).Of these,82.6%indicated emergency department(ED)operations and management education within the training curriculum.Dedicated documentation training was noted in all but 1 program(99%).Program educational offerings also included billing/coding(83%),core measure/quality indicators(78%)and operations management training(71%).In all areas,the most common means of educating came through didactic sessions and direct attending feedback or 69%-94%and 72%-98%respectively.Residency leadership was most confident with resident understanding of quality documentation(80%)and less so with core measures(72%),billing/coding/RVUs(58%),and operations management tools(23%).CONCLUSIONS:While most EM residency programs integrate basic operational education related to documentation and billing/coding,a smaller number provide focused education on the dayto-day management and operations of the ED.Residency leadership perceives graduating resident understanding of operational management tools to be limited.All respondents value further resident curriculum development of ED operations and management.

Robotic cardiac surgery training during residency: Preparing residents for the inevitable future

Unlike other surgical residency training programs including thoracic surgery, robotic cardiac surgery skilltraining is minimal or absent in residency curricula. A review was conducted to identify residents'exposure to robotic cardiac surgery training based on databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and GoogleScholar. Published papers and cardiothoracic surgical societies with robotic cardiac surgery trainingcourses were reviewed. Robotic cardiac surgery training for residents is almost non-existent. Strategies toestablish proper robotic cardiac surgical training for residents include implementing simulation training,implementing hour requirements and establishing wet/dry lab model training in a progressive fashion.As robot-assisted cardiac surgery becomes increasingly commonplace, it will be imperative to providetraining for residents with dedicated opportunities to develop their skills in robotic cardiac surgery.

Fluorescence cholangiography enhances surgical residents’ biliary delineation skill for laparoscopic cholecystectomies

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)is a minimally invasive procedure,often performed by surgical residents(SRs).Fluorescence cholangiography(FC)enables real-time identification of biliary anatomy.AIM To investigate the benefit of FC for enhancing SRs’identification skills.METHODS Prospective data was collected from January 2018 to June 2018 at our hospital.The study cohorts were the SRs(study group,n=15)and the surgical staff(SS;control group,n=9).Participants were assigned to watch videos of LCs with FC from five different patients who had gallbladder disease,and identify structures in the video clips(including cystic duct,common bile duct,common hepatic duct,and cystic artery),first without FC,and then with FC.RESULTS In the without-FC phase,the overall misidentification rate by SRs(21.7%)was greater than that of the SS(11.8%;P=0.018),However,in the FC phase,the two groups did not significantly differ in misidentification rates(23.3%vs 23.3%,P=0.99).Paired-structure analysis of the without-FC and with-FC phases for the SR group found a significantly higher misidentification rate in the without-FC phase than the with-FC phase(21.9%vs 10.9%;P<0.01).However,misidentification rates in the with-FC phase did not significantly differ between SRs and SS.CONCLUSION FC enhanced identification skills of inexperienced surgeons during LC compared with conventional training.Combined with simulation-based video training,FC is a promising tool for enhancing technical and decision skills of trainees and inexperienced surgeons.

Analysis and Perspective of Endodontics Standard Resident Training in China

As an important part of postgraduate education,Standard Resident Training(STR)plays a crucial role in the process of culturing a competent dental care provider who can independently treat the common oral infectious diseases.A systematic and comprehensive evaluation system is desiderating for realization of high-quality Endodontics resident training due to its discipline characteristics of highly specialized and strict operation.This paper analyzes the current status of resident training in our Endodontic Department and discusses how to improve the clinical skills and reasoning ability of residents,in order to construct a comprehensive resident training formative evaluation system in China.

A comparison of ophthalmic education in China and America

Training qualified ophthalmic professional is crucial for any eye care system worldwide.Education of modern western Ophthalmology in China started late but develops rapidly.This review focused on ophthalmic education in China and US,describing details of the programs and analyzing the differences.This summary may provide useful information for practitioners of medical education from both countries and help improve the present training designs.